公共英语五级-154及答案解析.doc

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1、公共英语五级-154 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).The speech is mainly about the organization of the company.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).People like the changes in the organization of the company.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).All directors on the Board are full-tim

2、e employees in the company.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).The chairman of the Board is appointed by the Board.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).MD refers to “a doctor of medicine“.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).MD is the absolute head of the compa

3、ny.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).MD decides companys policies and carries them out.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).MD has six departmental managers at the moment.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)(1).What does the man do?A. A t

4、axi-driver. B. A bus driver.C. A policeman. D. A tourist guide.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does he like about his job?A. Money. B. Freedom.C. Knowing different people. D. Traveling a lot.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Those who visit London will certainly go to _.A. the Tower of London B. HarrodsC. Buckingham P

5、alace D. The Greenwich village（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).According to the speaker, what are convenience goods?A. Commodities that people are in constant need of.B. Goods that are convenient to use or purchase.C. Items that people tend to buy under impulse.D. Items that have to be bought once a week.（分数：1.

6、00）A.B.C.D.(2).What are the shopping goods that are basically considered the same?A. Those that satisfy similar needs of the consumer.B. Those that consumers dont care where to buy.C. Those that consumers spend much time looking for.D. Those that can be found everywhere.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is

7、the characteristic of specialty goods?A. They are goods that can be bought at a special price.B. They are special kinds of products.C. They are characterized in their brands.D. They need special efforts to get.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Where can the expression “lame duck“ be heard?A. Only among hunters.

8、B. Among primary school pupils.C. Among beautiful ladies. D. Among people who are discussing politics.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following can be called as a “lame duck“?A. A disabled little child.B. A hard-working farmer.C. A politician who has to come to the end of his power.D. An absent-mi

9、nded old professor.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When did this expression come into the American Language?A. Some time after the Civil War.B. During the Second World War.C. When president George Bush was in office.D. During the period of Independence War.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to another explanation,

10、 where did this expression probably come from?A. Australia. B. Japan. C. Netherland. D. England.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).What is your responsibility when you, as a school principal, get the teachers report?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).How many reactions could you have towards the teachers

11、 report?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).How many psychologists are mentioned in the talk?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Their scheme is based on the premise that all people have a basic way of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Dr. Mann is now in Cambridge, writing a book on the _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).They started working in 1968 based

12、 on the observation made by Jung, the founder of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).How many psychological types of people are there according to Jungs ideas?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The past-oriented people tend to look at the world in a _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).The past-oriented people are flexible in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1

13、:_(10).What is the passage mainly talking about?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from (31) praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, (32) research the relation (33) actions and their consequen

14、ces argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain (34) rewards often destroy creativity (35) encouraging dependence (36) approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially (3

15、7) educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks (38) in grade-school children, suggesting (39) properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, (40) to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know theyre working for a (41) and can focus (4

16、2) a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity“, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for (43) performance or creating too (44) anticipation for rewards.“A teacher (45) continually draws attention to rewa

17、rds or who hands (46) high grades for ordinary achievement ends up (47) discouraged students, Eisenberger holds. (48) an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing (49) .In earlier grades, the use of so-called token ec

18、onomies, in (50) students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

19、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to ma

20、ke ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work. Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create co

21、nditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people

22、s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its h

23、istory shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed t

24、he cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they live

25、d.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and

26、benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frust

27、rated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time job

28、s.（分数：5.00）(1).Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that _.A. available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB. new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC. available employment must be more widely distributed among the

29、unemployedD. the nowaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that _.A. universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB. economic freedom came within everyones controlC. patterns of work were funda

30、mentally changedD. peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that _.A. people were no longer legally entitled to own landB. people were driven to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesC. people were not adequately

31、compensated for the loss of their landD. people were badly paid for the work they managed to find（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that _.A. the household and village community disappeared completelyB. men now travelled enormous distances to their p

32、laces of workC. young and old people became superfluous components of societyD. the work status of those not in paid employment suffered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The article concludes that _.A. the creation of jobs for all is an impossibilityB. our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment

33、are insufficientC. people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skillD. we should help those whose jobs are only part-time（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Throughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats, Beds, Baths, marriages, and fune

34、rals. At one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth!Different kinds of taxes

35、help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to “bear the burden“ of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on others. That is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more p

36、eople. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government; others by two or even all three levels. Together these different taxes make up what is called our t

37、ax system.Income taxes are the main source of federal revenues. The federal government gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and business corporations pay a federal income tax.The oldest tax in the U

38、nited States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is not used by the federal government.A sales tax is a tax levied on purchases. Most people living in the United States know about sale

39、s taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, But only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes.Other three closely related taxes are estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Everything a person owns,

40、 including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the property is transferred, however, it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amou

41、nt.（分数：5.00）(1).The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a dining tax is to pay for _.A. the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothesB. the damage that eating did to his teethC. his efforts to cut the food into piecesD. the decay of his teeth because of sugar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The g

42、overnment levies different kinds of taxes so that _.A. the rich have to pay more and the poor lessB. a wider range of taxpayers can be includedC. each of three levels of government could get tax moneyD. the burden of taxes falls evenly on everybody（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The federal government gets mos

43、t of their income from _.A. property tax B. income taxC. sales tax D. estate tax（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How many states levy import taxes in the U. S. A.?A. 4. B. 50.C. 46. D. 54.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when

44、transferred.B. Property tax provides a part of income for local government.C. There are a few kinds of sales taxes.D. Individuals and corporations both pay income taxes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the e

45、nvironmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earths life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the flavour of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetor

46、ic, Bickering between rich and poor, and irrelevant initiatives. Think U. S. Congress in slow motion.Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past five yearsreal changes in the attitude of ordinary people in the Third World toward family size a

47、nd a dawning realisation that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately, and inversely, linked. Almost none of this, however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accomplished in Rio.Or it didnt accomplish. One item on the agenda at Rio, for example, was a renewed effort to save tropical forests. (A previous UN-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforestation.) After Rio, a UN working group came up with more than 100 recommendations that have so far gone nowhere. One proposed forestry pact would do little more