GRE-练习八及答案解析.doc

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1、GRE-练习八及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1 Analytical(总题数：2，分数：20.00)1.Task 1: Issue ExplorationDirections: In 30 minutes, compose an essay on the topic below. You may not write on any other topic. Write your essay on the lined page that follows.The topic is presented in a one- to two-sentence quo

2、tation commenting on an issue of general concern. Your essay may support, refute, or qualify the views expressed in the quotation. Whatever you write, however, must be relevant to the issue under discussion, and you must support your viewpoint with reasons and examples derived from your studies and/

3、or experience.Faculty members from various institutions will evaluate your essay, judging it on the basis of your skill in the following areas. Analysis of the quotations implications Organization and articulation of your ideas Use of relevant examples and arguments to support your case Handling of

4、the mechanics of standard written EnglishTopic“We venerate loyaltyto our schools, employers, institutions, friendsas a virtue. Loyalty, however, can be at least as detrimental an influence as it can be a beneficial one.“（分数：10.00）_2.Task 2: Argument AnalysisDirections: In 30 minutes, prepare a criti

5、cal analysis of an argument expressed in a short paragraph. You may not offer an analysis of any other argument. Write your essay on the lined page that follows.As you critique the argument, think about the authors underlying assumptions. Ask yourself whether any of them are questionable. Also evalu

6、ate any evidence the author brings up. Ask yourself whether it actually supports the authors conclusion.In your analysis, you may suggest additional kinds of evidence to reinforce the authors argument. You may also suggest methods to refute the argument, or additional data that might be useful to yo

7、u as you assess the soundness of the argument. You may not, however, present your personal views on the topic. Your job is to analyze the elements of an argument, not to support or contradict that argument. Faculty members from various institutions will judge your essay, assessing it on the basis of

8、 your skill in the following areas: Identification and assessment of the arguments main elements Organization and articulation of your thoughtsUse of relevant examples and arguments to support your case Handling of the mechanics of standard written EnglishTopicThe following appeared in an editorial

9、in the Bayside Sentinel.“Bayside citizens need to consider raising local taxes if they want to see improvements in the Bayside School District. Test scores, graduation and college admission rates, and a number of other indicators have long made it clear that the Bayside School District is doing a po

10、or job educating our youth. Our schools look run down. Windows are broken, bathrooms unusable, and classroom equipment hopelessly out of date. Yet just across the Bay, in New Harbor, school facilities are up-to-date and in good condition. The difference is money; New Harbor spends twenty-seven perce

11、nt more per student than Bayside does, and test scores and other indicators of student performance are stronger in New Harbor as well.“（分数：10.00）_二、Section 2 Verbal Rea(总题数：6，分数：20.00)Questions 1-6 (Sentence Equivalent)Directions: For each of the following sentences, select the two answers of the si

12、x choices given that, when substituted in the sentence, both logically complete the sentence as a whole and create sentences that are equivalent to one another in meaning.（分数：6.00）(1).Many of us attempt to rewrite our personal stories to present ourselves in the best light; indeed, we are almost uni

13、versally to do so. A. reluctant B. illuminated C. apt D. prone E. intimidated F. comprehensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Far from condemning Warhol for his apparent superficiality and commercialism, critics today _ him for these very qualities, contending that in these superficial, commercial artworks

14、 he had captured the essence of American culture in the 1970s. A. belittle B. chastise C. tolerate D. extol E. flaunt F. hail（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).A born trickster, he was as inclined to _ as an embezzler is inclined to fraud. A. bravado B. chicanery C. cowardice D. candor E. ingenuousness F. art

15、ifice（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paradoxically, the very admonitions intended to reform the prodigal served only to _ his wicked ways. A. turn him from B. confirm him in C. distress him about D. absolve him of E. reinforce F. transform（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).Although no two siblings could have disagre

16、ed more in naturewhere she was gregar ious, he was introverted; where she was outspoken, he was _the twins nev. ertheless got on amazingly well. A. reserved B. discreet C. garrulous D. insensitive E. imprudent F. fluent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Amusingly enough, lawyers sometimes drive their sport ca

17、rs in the same fashion that they construct their cases: a lawyer noted for the _ of his arguments, for example, may also be known for the circuitousness of his routes. A. brevity B. pertinacity C. judiciousness D. deviousness E. conciseness F. indirectness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.Directions: The next qu

18、estions are based on the content of the following passage. Read the passage and then determine the best answer choice for each question. Base your choice on what this passage states directly or implies, not on any information you may have gained elsewhere.For each of Questions 7-11, select one answe

19、r choice unless otherwise instructed.Questions 7-9 are based on the following passage.Jamess first novels used conventional nar-rative techniques: explicit characterization,action that related events in distinctly phasedLine sequences, settings firmly outlined and(5) specifically described. But this

20、 method grad-ually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate,more diffuse style of accumulation ofminutely discriminated details whose totalsignificance the reader can grasp only by(10) constant attention and sensitive inference.His later novels play down scenes of abruptand prominent action, and do no

21、t so muchoffer a succession of sharp shocks as slowpiecemeal additions of perception. The cur-(15) tain is not suddenly drawn back fromshrouded things, but is slowly moved away.Such a technique is suited to Jamess essentialsubject, which is not human action itself butthe states of mind that produce

22、and are pro-(20) duced by human actions and interactions.James was less interested in what charactersdo, than in the moral and psychologicalantecedents, realizations, and consequenceswhich attend their doings. This is why he(25) more often speaks of “cases“ than of actions.His stories, therefore, gr

23、ow more and morelengthy while the actions they relate growsimpler and less visible; not because they arecrammed with adventitious and secondary(30) events, digressive relief, or supernumerarycharacters, as overstuffed novels of actionare; but because he presents in such exhaus-tive detail every nuan

24、ce of his situation.Commonly the interest of a novel is in the(35) variety and excitement of visible actionsbuilding up to a climactic event which willsettle the outward destinies of characterswith storybook promise of permanence. AJames novel, however, possesses its character-(40) istic interest in

25、 carrying the reader through arich analysis of the mental adjustments ofcharacters to the realities of their personalsituations as they are slowly revealed to themthrough exploration and chance discovery.（分数：3.00）(1).The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? A.

26、 Did James originate the so-called psychological novel? B. Is conventional narrative technique strictly chronological in recounting action? C. Can novels lacking overtly dramatic incident sustain the readers interest? D. Were Jamess later novels more acceptable to the general public than his earlier

27、 ones? E. Is James unique in his predilection for exploring psychological nuances of character?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).In which sentence of the passage does the author use figurative language to clarify Jamess technique in his later novels?NOTE: In the computer-based GRE, the directions would be: Cli

28、ck on the sentence in the passage. A. The first sentence (“Jamess first novels . described.“) B. The second sentence (“But this method . inference.“) C. The fourth sentence (“The curtain . moved away.“) D. The fifth sentence (“Such a technique . interactions.“) E. The sixth sentence (“James was . do

29、ings.“)（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(3).In the context in which it appears, “attend“ (line 24) most nearly means A. take care of B. watch over C. pay attention to D. accompany E. celebrate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.Questions 10-11 are based on the following passage.According to the theory of plate tectonics,the litho

30、sphere (earths relatively hard andsolid outer layer consisting of the crust andLine part of the underlying mantle) is divided(5) into a few dozen plates that vary in size andshape; in general, these plates move in rela-tion to one another. They move away fromone another at a mid-ocean ridge, a longc

31、hain of sub-oceanic mountains that forms a(10) boundary between plates. At a mid-oceanridge, new lithospheric material in the formof hot magma pushes up from the earthsinterior. The injection of this new lithos-pheric material from below causes the phe-(15) nomenon known as sea-floor spreading.Given

32、 that the earth is not expanding insize to any appreciable degree, how can“new“ lithosphere be created at a mid-oceanridge? For new lithosphere to come into(20) being in one region, an equal amount oflithospheric material must be destroyedsomewhere else. This destruction takes placeat a boundary bet

33、ween plates called a sub-duction zone. At a subduction zone, one(25) plate is pushed down under another into thered-hot mantle, where over a span of mil-lions of years it is absorbed into the mantle.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the passage, a mid-ocean ridge differs from a subduction zone in that A. it

34、 marks the boundary line between neighboring plates B. only the former is located on the ocean floor C. it is a site for the emergence of new lithospheric material D. the former periodically disrupts the earths geomagnetic field E. it is involved with lithospheric destruction rather than lithospheri

35、c creation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that as new lithospheric material is injected from below A. the plates become immobilized in a kind of gridlock B. it is incorporated into an underwater mountain ridge C. the earths total mass is altered D. it reverses its magnetic

36、 polarity E. the immediately adjacent plates sink（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.Questions 12-16Directions: Each of the following sentences or groups of sentences contains one, two, or three blanks. These blanks signify that a word or set of words has been left out. Below each sentence are columns of words or se

37、ts of words. For each blank, pick the oneword or set of words from the corresponding column that best completes the text.（分数：5.00）(1).By _ strict rules of hygiene in mater nity wards, Ignaz Semmelweis saved many women from dying of childbed fever, a fate that many expectant mothers feared. . challen

38、ging. instituting. intimating. invalidating. sanitizing（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The earth is a planet bathed in light; it is therefore U (i) /Uthat many of the living organisms that have evolved on the earth have U (ii) /Uthe biologically advantageous capacity to trap light energy. Blank (i). anomalous.

39、unsurprising. problematicBlank (ii). encapsulated. divested. developed（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).To contrast the demeanor of Austens clergyman brothers James and Henry with that of Mr. Collins, the much-abused figure of fun in Pride and Prejudice, is instructive, for where the Austen brothers were properly

40、 U (i) /Uto their social superiors and benevolent to their dependents, the odious Mr. Collins was invariably U (ii) /Uto his betters, fawning in particular on his patron, Lady Catherine de Burgh. Blank (i). deferential. disingenuous. demonstrativeBlank (ii). responsible. sycophantic. sardonic（分数：1.0

41、0）填空项 1:_(4).The reclassification of the solar system that demoted Pluto to a “dwarf planet“ did not go U (i) /U, for several hundred indignant astronomers petitioned the International Astronomical Union to U (ii) /Uits decision. Blank (i). astray. uncontested. unrewardedBlank (ii). reconsider. init

42、iate. promulgate（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Relatively few politicians willingly U (i) /Ucenter stage, although a touch of U (ii) /Uon their parts now and again might well increase their popularity with the voting public. Blank (i). forsake. embrace. endureBlank (ii). garrulity. misanthropy. self-effacement

43、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Directions: The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Once you have read the passage, select the answer choice that best answers each question. Answer all questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.For each of Questions 17-20, select one

44、 answer choice unless otherwise instructed.Questions 17-18 are based on the following passage.The stability that had marked the IroquoisConfederacys generally pro-British positionwas shattered with the overthrow of James IILine in 1688, the colonial uprisings that followed(5) in Massachusetts, New Y

45、ork, and Maryland,and the commencement of King WilliamsWar against Louis XIV of France. Theincreasing French threat to English hege-mony in the interior of North America was(10) signalized by French-led or French-inspiredattacks on the Iroquois and on outlyingcolonial settlements in New York and New

46、England. The high point of the Iroquoisresponse was the spectacular raid of August(15) 5, 1689, in which the Iroquois virtuallywiped out the French village of Lachine, justoutside Montreal. A counter-raid by theFrench on the English village of Schenectadyin March 1690 instilled an appropriate(20) me

47、asure of fear among the English and theirIroquois allies.The Iroquois position at the end of thewar, which was formalized by treaties madeduring the summer of 1701 with the British(25) and the French, and which was maintainedthroughout most of the eighteenth century,was one of “aggressive neutrality

48、“ betweenthe two competing European powers. Underthe new system the Iroquois initiated a peace(30) policy toward the “far Indians,“ tightenedtheir control over the nearby tribes, andinduced both English and French to supporttheir neutrality toward the European powersby appropriate gifts and concessions.（分数：2.00）(1).The authors primary purpose in this passage