【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-1及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生物化学-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Did you ever have someones name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? (1) this happens again, do no (2) to recall it. Do something (3) for a couple of minutes, (4) the name may come into your head. T

2、he name is there since you have met (5) person and his name. It (6) has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall (7) the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious (8) that go to work to dig up a (9) memory. Forcing yourself to recall (10) never helps because it doesnt (11) your memory；it onl

3、y tightens it. Students find the preparatory method help (12) examinations. They read over the questions (13) trying to answer any of them. (14) they answer first the ones (15) which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking (16) ; work is being

4、 done on the (17) difficult questions. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers (18) the more difficult ones will usually begin to (19) into consciousness. It is often (20) a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.（分数：10.00）(1).A As B When C While D Whether（分数：0.50）A.B.C.

5、D.(2).A try B want C hesitate D wait（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A simple B apart C else D similar（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A unless B and C or D until（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A some B certain C a D this（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A then B really C only D indeed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A leads B begins C helps D prepares（分数：0.

6、50）A.B.C.D.(8).A deeds B activities C movements D procedures（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A light B fresh C dim D dark（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A merely B almost C barely D hardly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A loosen B weaken C decrease D reduce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A into B in C about D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A after

7、 B besides C before D against（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A Thus B But C Therefore D Then（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A of B with C for D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A place B shape C charge D action（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A too B less C not D more（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A to B of C about D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A app

8、ear B grow C extend D come（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A nearly B likely C just D even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For years Internet merchants have poured millions of dollars into new technologies to make their sites easier to use. So w

9、hy arent online customers happier?Customer satisfaction levels have remained almost fiat through the last several years. The problem, according to Larry Freed, chief executive of a consulting and research firm called ForeSee Results, is not so much that consumers have ignored the many improvements m

10、ade in recent years. Rather, be said, they still expect more from Internet shopping than it has delivered.“If we walk into a local store, we dont expect that experience to be better than it was a couple years ago,“ Mr. Freed said. “But we expect sites to be better. The bar goes up every year.“ In Fo

11、reSees latest survey, released last month, just five e-commerce sites registered scores higher than 80 out of 100, and no site scored higher than 85. It was much the same story a year ago, when just five scored higher than 80, with no site surpassing 85. “Scores have inched up over time for the best

12、 e-commerce companies, but the overall numbers havent moved drastically,“ Mr. Freed said. “At the same time though, if you dont do anything you see your scores drop steadily.“That dynamic has been a challenge for online merchants and investors, who a decade ago envisioned. Internet stores as relativ

13、ely inexpensive (and therefore extremely profitable) operations. Now some observers predict a future where online retailers will essentially adopt something like the QVC model, with sales staff pitching the sites merchandise with polished video presentations, produced in a high-tech television studi

14、o.QVC.com is evolving in that direction. The Web site, which sold more than $1 billion in merchandise in 2006, has for the last five years let visitors watch a live feed of the networks broadcast. But in recent months, QVC.com has also given visitors the chance to watch archives of entire shows, and

15、 in the coming months visitors will be able to find more video segments from recent shows, featuring individual products that remain in stock. Bob Myers, senior vice president of QVC.com, said the Web sites video salesmanship is especially effective when combined with detailed product information, c

16、ustomer reviews and multiple photographs.About eight months ago, for instance, a customer said that she could not determine the size of a handbag from the photographs on the site because she could not tell the height of the model who was holding it. Within two weeks the site tested and introduced a

17、new system, showing the bags with women of three different heights. The results were immediate: women who saw the new photographs bought the bags at least 10 percent more frequently than those who had not.Still, Mr. Myers said, video is a critically important element to sales. “E-commerce started wi

18、th television commerce,“ he said. “The sites who engage and entertain customers will be winning here in the near future.“ Such a prospect is not necessarily daunting to other e-commerce executives. Gordon Magee, head of Internet marketing for Drs. Foster the questions usually grow out of their genui

19、ne interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all abou

20、t their country or anything “American“ in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesnt matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for

21、 example, than deal with silence.On the other hand, dont expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the

22、 rest of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).The general topic of the passage is_.A. American culture B. American societyC. Americans activities D. Americans personality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Americans do not like to depend on other people.

23、B. Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.C. Americans know a lot about international affairs.D. Americans always seem to be on the go.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “highly charged“ (Paragraph 2) most probably means_.A. extremely free B. highly responsibleC. very cheerful D. full of mobilit

24、y and change（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.A. Americans want to participate in all kinds of activitiesB. Americans character is affected by their social and geographical environmentC. Americans do not know how to deal with silenceD. curiosity is characteristic of Amer

25、icans（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because_.A. they are not interested in other countriesB. they are too proud of themselvesC. their country does not have many neighboring nationsD. they are too busy to learn about other countries（分数：2.

26、00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmovingif it looks as though it is sleepingthen why not simply assume that it is in fact sleep

27、ing? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows,

28、 for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not

29、necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping“ animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping e

30、ither.Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep laboratories“ using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals,

31、breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snak

32、es and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sl

33、eepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, all anim

34、als_.A. spend some time restingB. close their eyes when sleepingC. are good sleepersD. are poor sleepers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes“ aims to show that_.A. these animals rarely need any restB. they almost always keep alert to dangerC. the

35、y often stay awakeD. their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How can researchers in “sleep laboratories“ tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?A. They see if the animals respond to light and sound.B. They do this by observing changes in the ani

36、mals brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.C. They see if the animals eyes are closed.D. They can tell this by seeing if the animals lie down or not.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles_.A. such as turtles and snakes cannot clo

37、se their eyesB. cannot be studied with an EECC. do not sleep in the true sense of the wordD. do not need to rest（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Animals that are good sleepers_.A. need to have a good sleep after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animalsB. need to have a good sleep after t

38、hey get tired from hunting other animalsC. are all mammalsD. almost always have a safe resting place（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William

39、being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have indulged in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzeneggers marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid.Less delightful are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau

40、 show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half of all households.The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than those

41、comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 census. And the trend has a potent class dimension. Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal ritual to a luxury for the educated and affluent.There barely was a marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wed

42、ded ways of college and high-school graduates(76 versus 72). The gap has since widened to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre.“Marriage has become much more selective, and thats why the divorce rate has come down,“ said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Projec

43、t at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree.Americans with a high-school degree or less tell researchers they would like to marry, but do not believe they can

44、 afford it. Instead, they raise children out of wedlock. Only 6 of children born to college-educated mothers were born outside marriage, according to the National Marriage Project. That compares with 44 of babies born to mothers whose education ended with high school.“Less marriage means less income

45、 and more poverty,“ reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have linked as much as half of the income inequality in America to changes in family composition: single-parent families (mostly those with a high-school degree or less) are getting po

46、orer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly well-off. “This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public,“ she says.Do not expect the Democratic Party, however, to make an issue of the marriage gap in next years elections. Unmarried women voted overw

47、helmingly for Barack Obama. “You dont want to suggest to someone who isnt married and has children that they should be married,“ says Ms Sawhill. “That is a scorn on their lifestyle./（分数：10.00）(1).The first two paragraphs suggest that_.A the public like to spy on celebrities marriageB many celebriti

48、es marriages are going wrongC Americans marriage is going downhillD people feel sorry for Americans marriage（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, traditional marriage _.A is no longer considered holy and meaningfulB is doomed to be replaced by new formsC tends to be kept by the wealthy and cul

49、tivatedD enables couples to be loyal to each other（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following would the author most probably agree on?A Brides are more likely to have a college degree than they were.B Educated men dont mind marrying women with a high-school degree.C Couples dont end in divorce because both are well-educated.D