【考研类试卷】西医综合-外科学-6及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-外科学-6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The terms college and university originally had very similar meanings. Only (1) the passing of centuries did “university“ come to (2) an educational (3) composed of more than one college.During the Middle Ages students (4) the

2、 universities of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge found (5) convenient to rent houses and share expenses (6) living in private apartments. By the 13th century these “houses of scholars“ were becoming legally recognized corporate institutions. At Oxford the earliest of these (7) were University College,

3、(8) in 1249 by William of Durham; Balliol College, founded by John Balliol in 1263; and Merton College, founded about 1264 by Walter de Merton. A similar (9) took place at Cambridge.In the United States the word college most commonly (10) to four-year institutions that (11) students from secondary s

4、chools and grant a bachelors (12) after a general (13) of studies.A college may also be a school (14) specialized training that takes place after (15) the bachelors degree-such as a college of law or medicine. Schools (16) in theological training may be called seminaries or schools instead of colleg

5、es. A university normally (17) of a group of colleges-one for the liberal arts or general studies and (18) for engineering, law, medicine, education, and (19) . Some of these colleges are for advanced study, (20) the college of liberal arts is the institution in which one earns a bachelors degree.（分

6、数：10.00）(1).A with B by C for D at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A signify B show C prove D manifest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A school B organization C institution D corporation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A around B at C by D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A so B that C it D this（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A other than B as well as C i

7、nstead of D more than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A cooperation B corporations C groups D parties（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A found B founded C built D constructed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A development B aggress C regress D retrogress（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A infers B refers C confers D differs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A l

8、et B allow C permit D admit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A level B extent C grade D degree（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A cause B course C process D programme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A with B in C to D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A demanding B asking C receiving D keeping（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A specializing B concerning

9、C working D involving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A consists B insists C persists D resists（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A the other B two C other D others（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A business B trade C commerce D purchase（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A once B when C while D whereas（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分

10、数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names, compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side street where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn that th

11、e first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst bottlenecks i

12、n the country.Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public-transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous county an

13、d smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when.Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hopes for reel

14、ection in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15-member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate

15、 on transport plans, whether they like it or not.Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $ 4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buckhead; a

16、nd to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services.Public goodwill, however, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern Arc highway for 6

17、5 miles across three counties north of the city limits. GRTA has allotted $270m for this. Supporters say it would ease the congestion on local roads; opponents think it would worsen over-development and traffic. The counties affected, and even GRTAs own board, are divided.The governor is in favor, h

18、owever; and since he can appoint and fire GRTAS members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes. But Mr Barnes think that Atlantas slowing economy could do him more harm than the anti-s

19、prawl movement.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors presentation of Atlantas car-dependence is meantA to be ironic.B to poke fun to them.C to be fair.D to make it notorious.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “bottleneck“ (Para. 1) best connotesA “to violate the law.“B “to slack the pace.“C “to be stuck in traps.“D

20、“to be held up./（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?A Controversies exist concerning the traffic in Atlanta.B The federal funds were lost under the Clean Air Act.C Atlanta must abandon buses and build more highways.D The county governments should learn to be coop

21、erative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT part of the “anti-sprawl movement“ as planned by governor Roy Barnes?A His success in reelection in November.B The initiation of shuttle bus transit.C The allocation of money to widen roads.D The construction of a commuter rail.（分数：2.00）A.B.

22、C.D.(5).It seems that the best solution to the traffic problem in Atlanta seems to lie inA the enforcement of traffic regulations.B the improvement of its road conditions.C the increase of commuter and car taxes.D the improvement of its public transports.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A hu

23、ge population of red fire ants has bedeviled Texas farmers for years. By some estimates the insectscost state businesses close to $1 billion a year due to crop and machinery destruction. Killing the ants and their nests has not proven easy.Texas AM researchers have discovered that the phorid fly fro

24、m South America will lay eggs on the red fire ants and the maggots which are hatched eat away at the ants brains, eventually causing their heads to fall off. Someone at the university was willing to underwrite the work to solve a problem. That investment was almost certainly much less than the $1 bi

25、llion a year that fire ants cost businesses in the state.A recession does not stop advancements in technology. It just makes companies so frightened of risk that they choose not to make the investment in the red fire ant projects.In the last week, the two most successful technology companies in the

26、world, IBM and Google have announced major new products. IBM released “stream computing“ applications that allow businesses to look at and analyze huge amounts of data in real time. The most important product of Google allows the companys customers to take very large amounts of search data and organ

27、ize it into spreadsheets. These are developments that will probably help the firms take business away from their competitors.The shares of Google and IBM have handily outperformed those of all the other large tech companies based in the U. S. such as Hewlett Packard (HPQ), Microsoft (MSFT), Cisco (C

28、SCO), and Oracle (ORCL). Each of the companies is blessed with substantial earnings and technology staffs in the tens of thousands. But the firms are not all viewed the same, at least by investors who trade tens of millions of their shares each day.In most ways, IBM and Google are not like one anoth

29、er at all. IBM makes its money selling expensive hardware, client services, and software to companies, most of which are very large, and to governments. Google has millions of customers who pay nothing to use its services. It has millions of advertisers who spend money to reach people who look at se

30、arch results and most of these marketers are very small.What the companies do have in common is a willingness to take risks, probably risks with long odds in order to launch new products. These products may be failures, but they are well enough researched and designed that they have a good chance of

31、 keeping IBM and Google ahead of the competition even if that does not immediately involve significant new revenue.The red fire ant problem never goes away. Unsolved problems in every industry cost companies money. Sometimes companies do not even know that their problems can be solved. The phorid fl

32、y is an obscure species. So is software that can analyze huge amounts of data in real time.（分数：10.00）(1).The red fire ant problem remains unsolved becauseA there have been enough phorid flies to eat away the ants brains.B there isnt enough investment put into the red ant projects.C the solution to t

33、he problem is too difficult to be cost-effective.D red fire ants cause damage not only to crops but also to machinery.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author asserts that the new products of IBM and Google willA allow their customers to search for large amounts of data.B give themselves a competitive edge.C

34、 make their customers more competitive.D offer a solution to the fire ant problem.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is implied that Hewlett Packard and other big companiesA are brought to the edge of bankruptcy for lack of new products.B do not earn enough revenue for investing in new technology.C do not empl

35、oy as many technology staffs as IBM and Google.D are not as actively innovative as IMB and Google are.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In what way is IBM like Google?A They sell client excellent services to earn money.B Their customers are mostly large-size companies.C They are willing to invest in new technolo

36、gy.D They never launch new products which may fail.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The text is written to answer the questionA “Why are Google and IBM ahead of the competition?“B “How can new pesticides be found to help Texas farmers?“C “How is agricultural technology related to the Web technology?“D “What can

37、 Google and IBM do to solve the red fire ant problems?/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A curious election will take place in St Louis on April 3rd. Seven candidates will compete for two seats on the citys school board. The polls will open at 6am and stay open until 7pm. Staffing the polling

38、 stations and counting the electronic ballots will cost taxpayers at least $260,000. Two happy candidates will celebrate and take office-just in time to have the state of Missouri complete the takeover of the districts schools and give them and the other board members nothing to do for several years

39、. This election to nothing comes after years of falling test scores, revolving superintendents, screaming matches between board members at public meetings and a growing dissatisfaction with every aspect of public education. The state board of education voted on March 22nd to take over the school dis

40、trict, effective in mid-June. Some prominent figures endorsed this course, including the mayor of St Louis, and even some members of the St Louis school board. Others in the city, though, are deeply opposed and ready to fight about it.Although the city schools overall have an amply deserved reputati

41、on for low standards, there are some good schools and many good students. The best students have the most to lose, fearing that the turmoil could damage their chances of getting into good universities. When the state education board voted on the takeover, a group of angry students, teachers and othe

42、r members of the public tried to disrupt the meeting. Protesters are still trying to use the courts to stop the action, and the teachers union has threatened a strike.Under Missouri law the citys schools will now be placed under a three-member board appointed by the governor, the mayor and the presi

43、dent of the board of aldermen. Governor Matt Blunts choice of Rick Sullivan, the head of a building firm, has already been attacked because of Mr Sullivans lack of experience in education and because he lives in one of the wealthiest suburbs outside the city.Mr Sullivan and the other members, who ha

44、ve yet to be appointed, have an almost impossible task before them. The district, which in the past five years has turned a $52m surplus into a $24.5m deficit, has already closed schools, cut services and squeezed spending hard. But as its critics point out, the elected school board still found plen

45、ty of money for tours and public relations.The trickle of voters turning out for the pointless board election will pass banners celebrating the new season of the world baseball champions. St Louis has made huge progress in attracting a new generation of young professionals to its downtown area, buil

46、ding new business developments and installing new infrastructure. The great failure in its schools puts all that in danger.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “curious“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably implies that _A the election is very eager to understand the unknown world.B the election is extr

47、emely careful and significant.C the election is strange for its expensive cost and pointless result:D the election is held by children who are curious of the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is the most result of winners of the election?A reverse the tendency of declination of educa

48、tion in St. Louis.B do nothing that can improve the current circumstances in St. Louis.C lead to the fulfillment of city security and stability.D be supported by teachers and students generally.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By the process of appointment, which of the following parties cannot be reflected by

49、the school board of the State?A the chief executive of State Missouri.B teachers and students of St. Louis.C administrative leaders of St. Louis.D the municipal congress of St. Louis.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the best description of the schools in St. Louis?A Every school in this district is on a