【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)When I was a kid, I never knew what my parentsor anyone elsedid for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard

2、Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, “I love you,“ and attendance at kids football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.Whi

3、le we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, “Ask the children,“ conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1,000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their

4、parents work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents work affected your life,“ the survey asked kids, “what would that wish be?“ Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents

5、 would be less stressed and tired by work.Allison Kevin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality“. Kevin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitmentsnot only at the office

6、but at home and in the community tooand start paring them down. “Its not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,“ she says. “Its about saying no and making choices.“We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to

7、 get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happe

8、ned. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)Parents can also destress by cutting back on their childrens activities. If keeping up with your kids schedule is killing you, insist that he chooses between karate lessons and the the

9、ater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my car. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following sentences can be the be

10、st title of this passage?A. Kids Say. Chill. B. Kids Stress Parents.C. Parents Complain about work. D. Parents Get in Good Mood.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that _.A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the presidentB. s

11、he didnt know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was youngC. she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lotD. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can infer

12、 from the second paragraph that nowadays the children _.A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard workB. are looking forward to being with their parentsC. are very considerate about their parentsD. are very ambitious to change their parents work（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “paring th

13、em down“ in the third paragraph most likely means _.A. gathering the work and family duties togetherB. matching the work quality to life qualityC. decreasing the defeating commitmentsD. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT the way to

14、destress the parents heavy burden?A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.B. Reducing participating the activities for the office.C. Sharing with the children some happy experience.D. Taking part more actively in community activities.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The

15、biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject (研究对象). Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biograp

16、hy of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a f

17、oreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary

18、 to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses, to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive, they

19、 attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus (耶稣) found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic“ one. In

20、 advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized“ by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized“ biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book p

21、romotions, the “unauthorized“ characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic“ ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the“ story of a life, perhaps not e

22、ven the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who _.A. knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB. is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC. is

23、 independent and knows the techniques of biography writingD. possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that _.A. the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB. b

24、iographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC. the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD. biographies can serve different purposes（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A. An authentic biography seldom appeals to its r

25、eaders.B. An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C. No one can write a perfect biography.D. Authorized biographies have a wider readership.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because _.A. it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividl

26、yB. it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC. it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD. it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects character（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In this passage, the author focuses on _.A. the difficulty of a biographer in

27、 finding the proper perspective to do his jobB. the secret of a biographer to win more readersC. the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD. the characteristics of different kinds of biographies questions（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Whether the eyes are “the wi

28、ndows of the soul“ is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real

29、human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of

30、 them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or

31、 decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze duringa conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner. “The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined, speakers make contact with the eyes of their list

32、ener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener to reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing t

33、hemselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact, if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate

34、the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses, there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.（分数：20.00）(1).The author is con

35、vinced that the eyes are _.A. of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB. something through which one can see a persons inner worldC. of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD. something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate（分数：4.00）A.B

36、.C.D.(2).Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _.A. whose front view is fully perceived B. whose face is covered with a maskC. whose face is seen from the side D. whose face is free of any covering（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conver

37、sation partners neck because _.A. they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB. they need not communicate through eye contactC. they dont think it polite to have eye contactD. they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Accordi

38、ng to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to _.A. one temporarily glancing away from the otherB. eye contact of more than one secondC. improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD. constant adjustment of eye contact（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).To keep a conversation flowing smoo

39、thly, it is better for the participants _.A. not to wear dark spectacles B. not to make any interruptionsC. not to glance away from each other D. not to make unpredictable pauses（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets an

40、d liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, mo

41、re than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired,

42、 paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a groupcollege students, perhaps, or teachers

43、 or corporate personnel managersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusua

44、lly unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed

45、 from Salppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the

46、impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attra

47、ctive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager _.A. a persons property or debts do not matter muchB. a persons outward appearance is not

48、 a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _.A. people do not realize the importance of looking ones bestB. women in pursuit of mana

49、gerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes _.A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base thei