【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(七)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Today we think of automobiles as a necessity, but at first the automobile was a luxury that only the rich could afford. In 1899, only 600 were built and sold. By 1925, the number approached 20 millio

2、n. Today you can choose from a huge number of models, some costing 25 times of others. It is said that there are enough motor vehicles in Great Britain and America to carry their combined population.Today we can say that much of the world runs on wheels. The four rubber tires of automobile move us f

3、rom work to play. Wheels spin, and people drive off to their jobs. Tires turn, and they go shopping. Hub-caps whirl, and the whole family goes for a drive in the country.In addition to automobile, other types of motor vehicles shape our lives. Public buses provide quick and inexpensive transportatio

4、n. No matter whether you are traveling 500 miles from one city to another, or just going across town, imagine what your life would be like without buses. Trucks also help us in many ways. It is usually cheaper to send goods by truck than by air or train. And because there are many more highways than

5、 there are railways, trucks can go to places that trains could not reach. Huge tractor trailers carry goods thousands of miles from Europe to Saudi Arabia. Small pick-up trucks help farmers in every country get their produce to market.The increased use of automobiles has brought a corresponding incr

6、ease in auto-mobile-related problems such as traffic accidents and traffic congestion. One of the most serious results of our dependence on the automobile is air pollution. Automobiles pump hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other poisonous gases into the air every day. Usually these gases do

7、 no immediate damage. However, under certain weather conditions, they may form clouds which cover the skies of large urban areas, threatening the lives of people, especially the sick and the old.In the past fifteen years people have become increasingly worried about the effects of air pollution. The

8、refore, some governments have required automobile manufacturers to find a solution to this problem. As a result, many new cars today have antipollution devices which decrease the amount of pollutants released into the air.（分数：20.00）(1).Automobiles are helpful to peoples life in the following ways EX

9、CEPT _.A. moving people from work for entertainmentB. sending goods faster than trainsC. providing inexpensive transportationD. carrying goods over a long distance（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the passage, we judge “traffic congestion“ in Paragraph 4 may mean _.A. traffic problem B. traffic block C. tra

10、ffic light D. traffic control（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How many types of motor vehicles are mentioned in this passage?A. 5 B. 4 C. 9 D. 6（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Paragraph 2, what rhetoric speech is used?A. Metaphor. B. Analogy. C. Personification. D. Parallelism.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.0

11、0)Sally Kemmerer has, so far, escaped Northern Californias rolling blackouts.But up on the roof for her Oakland home, workers are tapping into, perhaps, the most reliable power source, the sun. It could mean no more worries about blackouts or power rates.Sally Kemmerer, a homeowner, says, “I hope th

12、at well be able to zero out, you know, our electric bill. I mean thats definitely our goal.“Turning the suns rays into electricity is, of course, nothing new.But Californias power crisis has cast a new light on the technology.Gary Gerber, a solar power contractor, says, “I might have been getting th

13、ree phone calls a week a couple of months ago. Im getting six a day now, its completely crazy.“Alternative energy is even more attractive, thanks to a state rebate program. So far this month, Californias energy commission has received 200 project applications. That is more than the number of applica

14、tions all last year.Putting in a solar roof is still a relatively expensive proposition. This project cost around 45,000 dollars. Even taking into account the state subsidy of 12,000 dollars, that leaves a net cost to the homeowner of around 33,000 dollars.Sally says, “We were happy to find out that

15、, eventually, the system should pay for itself, you know 20-years, maybe.“Aaron Wellendorf has had a p-v (or photovoltaic generator) for more than a year. Like most solar systems, his is not off the grid completely and the utility still kicks in at night, or when theres no sun. But when there is bri

16、ght light, things change.Wellendorf says, “Im turning my meter backward with extra power that Im generating.“ Backward?Thats right! Wellendorfs meter tracks how much power goes back into the utility grid. Last year all he paid for electricity was a service charge. That charge was around five dollars

17、 a month.In fact, even after powering his super-efficient household appliances and his converted electric track, Wellendorf generated a net surplus of more than 2,000-kilowatt hours.Unfortunately, state law doesnt require the utility to pay him for that. Wellendorf says, “I dont get it in money, I j

18、ust get the satisfaction of helping out the power grid.“And, he gets the satisfaction of being energy self-sufficient.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the article, the California energy commission has received 200 project applications in one month. If that rate continues, approximately how many applicatio

19、ns will they receive this entire year?A. 2,400. B. 1,200. C. 200. D. 3,600.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does “to zero out“ mean?A. To lose a special item or treasure.B. To gain solar power.C. To pay for more reliable electrical power.D. To owe the electric utility company nothing.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).I

20、n a month of work days (approximately 20), how many calls could the solar contractor expect if this current rate continues unchanged?A. 60. B. 30. C. 150. D. 120.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does “off the grid“ mean in the context of this story?A. Living in a suburban neighborhood.B. Living in the only

21、 house in a wide area.C. Living without the utility companys electrical power.D. Living without any electricity from any source.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the article, when a homeowner puts in a solar roof, her worries about blackouts or power rates might be over. Why might that be true?A. So

22、lar power may be less expensive and more reliable than power supplied by utility companies.B. Her roof wont leak with the heavy solar panels on top of the roof.C. Putting in a solar roof is still an expensive proposition.D. Super-efficient appliances use less electricity than regular appliances.（分数：

23、4.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：24.00)Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter con

24、tain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsionstiny globules (小球) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the in

25、vestigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow througho

26、ut the mixture,“ he says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (密封) buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter,

27、 you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,“ says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible t

28、o make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.（分数：24.00）(1).The significance of Brocklehursts research is that _.A. it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh wit

29、hout preservativesB. it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC. it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD. it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition（分数：4.80）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter becaus

30、e bacteria _.A. are more evenly distributed in creamB. multiply more easily in cream than in butterC. live on less fat in cream than in butterD. produce less waste in cream than in butter（分数：4.80）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by _.A. removing its fat B. killing the b

31、acteriaC. reducing its water content D. altering its structure（分数：4.80）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “colonies“ refers to _.A. tiny globules B. watery regionsC. bacteria communities D. little compartments（分数：4.80）A.B.C.D.(5).Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can b

32、e made resistant to bacterial attack _.A. by varying its chemical compositionB. by turning it into a solid lumpC. while keeping its structure unchangedD. while retaining its liquid form（分数：4.80）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learni

33、ng Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously dif

34、ficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously

35、 pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr. Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an

36、old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr. Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin

37、, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: “Non, Mr. Jones. Je ne suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!“ (No, Mr. Jones, Im not French. Im Not, Not, Not!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitely softer an

38、d less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall o

39、f the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going. I

40、 frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a westerner. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. Ther

41、e were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of

42、their own: so that the word for “people“, for instance, might be nais, sahab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and prog

43、ress. When I merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the f

44、lowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awai

45、ts his first trip to Pads. But this was something I could improve upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr. Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr. Jones.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Mr. Beheit?A. He had a neat and

46、clean appearance.B. He was volatile and highly emotional.C. He was very modest about his success in teaching.D. He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is known from the passage that the writer _.A. had a good command of FrenchB. couldnt make sounds prop

47、erly when learning ArabicC. spoke highly of Mr. Beheits achievements in language teachingD. didnt like Ahmeds style of teaching（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was _.A. a fast speaker B. a boring speakerC. a laconic speaker D. an interesting speaker（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D

48、.(4).The word “modicum“ in the last paragraph can be replaced by _.A. competence B. excellence C. mimicry D. smattering（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. The writers intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B.

49、 The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C. The writer found that learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D. The writer regarded Ahmeds praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheek.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage fa