【考研类试卷】英语-完形填空(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-完形填空(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent eases (1) the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant (2) of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, t

2、he Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (3) bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (4) and will strictly control the amount of (5) that can be given to a case (6) a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he (7)

3、with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not (8) sufficient control.(9) of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a (10) of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than

4、to Parliament.（分数：20.00）(1).A. as to B. for instance C. in particular D. such as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. tightening B. intensifying C. focusing D. fastening（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. sketch B. rough C. preliminary D. draft（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. illogical B. illegal C. improbable D. improper（分数：2.00）A.B

5、.C.D.(5).A. publicity B. penalty C. popularity D. peculiarity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. since B. if C. before D. as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. sided B. shared C. complied D. agreed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. present B. offer C. manifest D. indicate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. Release B. Publication C. Printing D. E

6、xposure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. storm B. rage C. flare D. flash（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (1) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive

7、 or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (2) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (3) are not solely fixed by the genes. (4) , the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process tha

8、t is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (5) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best (6) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know th

9、at, shortly (7) they hatch, ducklings fix (8) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (9) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably (10) , even ones that ha

10、ve a considerable base fashioned by genetics.（分数：20.00）(1).A. assumed B. adopted C. believed D. surmised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. considerate B. considered C. considerable D. considering（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. statues B. statuses C. statutes D. statures（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Whats more B. Hence C. Bu

11、t D. However（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. not B. only C. but D. solely（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. clarifies B. classifies C. defines D. outlines（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. than B. before C. when D. after（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. on B. with C. in D. within（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. appropriated B. substituted C. assign

12、ed D. distributed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. varied B. deviated C. differed D. altered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life (3) common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys and humans seem very m

13、uch the same.However, biological understanding is not enough: (2) itself, it can never tell us what human beings are. (3) to our physical equipment the naked human bodywe are not an (4) animal. We are tropical creatures, (5) hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor

14、sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical (6) , our species seems a poor (7) for survival.But we have survivedsurvived and multiplied and (8) the earth. Some day we will have a (9) living on the moon, a plac

15、e with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. (10) its limitations, our physical equipment has some important potentials.（分数：30.00）(1).A. processes B. acts C. modes D. procedures（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.

16、(2).A. On B. With C. For D. By（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Stripped B. Pared C. Peeled D. Removed（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. intelligent B. impressive C. influential D. incentive（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. barely B. hardly C. nearly D. scarcely（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. meaning B. judgement C. perspective D. sense（

17、分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. bet B. chance C. fact D. luck（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. filled B. loaded C. stuffed D. scattered（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. residence B. colony C. home D. empire（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Apart from B. With regard toC. With the exception of D. In spite of（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题

18、数：1，分数：30.00)All the recent news on AIDS is bad. The death of Rock Hudson (1) public concern about the (2) almost to the point of panic. Now general concern is (3) not so much on personal risk but on the growing realization (4) this disease is having a deep impact (5) our society in a number of ways

19、.For one thing, it is (6) financial and other resources. AIDS patients require long-term care in hospitals and out patient (7) . The Center for Disease Control in Atlanta estimates that hospital (8) for the first 10,000 AIDS patients were about 1.4 billion. The total economic cost to the nation of A

20、IDS cases is estimated to (9) to 6 billion in health care, disability, and lost (10) .（分数：30.00）(1).A. caused B. raised C. resulted D. flared（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. epidemic B. dilemma C. disaster D. collapse（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. directed B. associated C. focused D. devoted（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A.

21、when B. since C. that D. which（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. of B. for C. on D. with（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. formulating B. absorbing C. terminating D. undermining（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. facilities B. compensations C. functions D. surgeons（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. investments B. expenditures C. subsidies D. r

22、evenues（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. come B. add C. equal D. sum（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. stability B. courtesy C. proficiency D. productivity（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.英语-完形填空(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers se

23、eking to buy up people involved in prominent eases (1) the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant (2) of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (3) bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (4) and will strictly control the amount of (5) that can

24、 be given to a case (6) a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he (7) with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not (8) sufficient control.(9) of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine ca

25、used a (10) of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.（分数：20.00）(1).A. as to B. for instance C. in particular D. such as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 A 项 as to“关于”。B 项 for instance“比如说，例如”。C 项 in

26、 particular“特别，特别是”。D 项 such as“如，像之类”。(2).A. tightening B. intensifying C. focusing D. fastening（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 A 项 tightening“使更严格，使更有效，加强，严格化”。B 项 intensifying“加强，增强，加剧，使尖锐”。C 项 focusing“对准焦距，把(光线，注意力等)集中于”。D 项 fastening“系牢，扣紧，束紧，把(注意力，视线)集中于”。(3).A. sketch B. rough C. preliminary D. draf

27、t（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 A 项 sketch“略图，草图，梗概，大意”。B 项 rough“粗略的，大略的，概略的”。C 项preliminary“初步的，预备的”。D 项 draft“底稿，书稿，草图；草案；草稿初步写出的，草拟的，草稿形式的”。(4).A. illogical B. illegal C. improbable D. improper（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 A 项 illogical“不合逻辑的，不合理的，说不通的”。B 项 illegal“非法的，违法的，不合法的”。C 项 improbable“不大可能的，不大可能发生的”

28、。D 项 improper“不适当的，不得体的，错误的”。(5).A. publicity B. penalty C. popularity D. peculiarity（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 A 项 publicity“公众的注意，社会的注目”。B 项 penalty“处罚，刑罚，罚款”。C 项popularity“名气，人缘，名望，流行，普及”。D 项 peculiarity“独特，古怪，独特性，特性，特质”。(6).A. since B. if C. before D. as（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 审判开始前控制媒体对案子的报道才合乎情理，

29、所以答案为 C 项。(7).A. sided B. shared C. complied D. agreed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 side with sb. “站在的一方，支持，帮助，赞同”。share with sb. “同某人分担”。comply with“遵从，依从，顺从，服从”。agree with“对表示认同，与意见一致”。(8).A. present B. offer C. manifest D. indicate（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 A 项 present“赠送，奉送，显示，表露，陈述，表达(意见，致意)”。B 项 offer“

30、作出，施加，意图做，想做”。C 项 manifest“表明，明白地表示，明示”。D 项 indicate“指示，指明，是的征兆”。(9).A. Release B. Publication C. Printing D. Exposure（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 A 项 Release“发售，首次上映”。B 项 Publication“出版，发表，发行，公布”。C 项Printing“印刷”。D 项 Exposure“暴露，揭发”。(10).A. storm B. rage C. flare D. flash（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 A 项 storm

31、“阵发，进发，爆发”。B 项 rage“(一阵)狂怒，(一阵)盛怒”。C 项flare“(声音、感情、怒气等的)突发，突然爆发的声音，嘹亮的喇叭声”。D 项 flash“闪光，闪烁；(思想、感情等的)闪现，突发”。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (1) that nonhuman social life was

32、 almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (2) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (3) are not solely fixed by the genes. (4) , the learning that occurs is often at an

33、 early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (5) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best (6) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because o

34、f instincts. Now we know that, shortly (7) they hatch, ducklings fix (8) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (9) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerab

35、ly (10) , even ones that have a considerable base fashioned by genetics.（分数：20.00）(1).A. assumed B. adopted C. believed D. surmised（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 根据题意，“早期的科学家假定，非人类动物的社会生活几乎完全是天生的，或是由遗传决定的”，assume 多用于未证实的假定；adopt 意为“采用，接受”；believe 意为“相信”；surmise意为“猜测，推测”，相当于 guess。(2).A. considerate B. cons

36、idered C. considerable D. considering（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 considerate 意为“体谅的，为别人着想的”；considered 意为“经过考虑的，被尊重的”；considerable 意为“相当多的，可观的”；considering 意为“就而论”。显然 A、B、D 项意思不符。(3).A. statues B. statuses C. statutes D. statures（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 statue 意为“雕像，塑像”；status 意为“身份，地位”；statute 意为“成文法，法规

37、”；stature 意为“身材，身高”。由句意，A、C、D 三项很容易被排除。(4).A. Whats more B. Hence C. But D. However（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 前面提到“学习是动物的社会生活的一部分”，后面接着讲“学习发生在动物小时候的印象中期”，两段间不存在递进(Whats more)或因果(Hence)关系。而 But 表转折时一般不与句子分开，所以 D 项 However 为最佳答案。(5).A. not B. only C. but D. solely（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 根据上下文，“印象”不是天生的，而

38、是经过学习得到的。(6).A. clarifies B. classifies C. defines D. outlines（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 A 项 clarifies“使清楚，阐明”。B 项 classifies“分类，使成为机密”。C 项defines“下定义，界定”。D 项 outlines“画轮廓，作大纲”。原文的意思是“一个例证很好地阐明了印象的本质”。所以 A 项 clarifies 最适合题意。(7).A. than B. before C. when D. after（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 shortly after 为固定

39、词组，意思是“之后立即”。(8).A. on B. with C. in D. within（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 fix on 为固定搭配，意思是“选定”。例如：Ive fixed on a little house near Paris. 我已选定了巴黎附近的一间小房子。(9).A. appropriated B. substituted C. assigned D. distributed（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 substitute A for B，意思是“用 A 代替 B”。这句话是说“如果在印象发生时，用篮球或公文包代替母鸭，小鸭子也许

40、会跟随它们。”appropriate 意为“拨给，(款项等)供专用”，如：10,000 dollars have been appropriated for the new school building. 已拨款 1 万美元为建新校舍之用。(10).A. varied B. deviated C. differed D. altered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 vary“变化，不同(强调范围变化)”，多用在“vary from.to.”中。deviate“越出正轨，违反”。differ“相异”。alter“改变，更改”，相当于 change。四、Passage 3(总题

41、数：1，分数：30.00)Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life (3) common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys and humans seem very much the same.However, biological understanding is not enough: (2) itself, it can never tell us what human beings a

42、re. (3) to our physical equipment the naked human bodywe are not an (4) animal. We are tropical creatures, (5) hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In

43、 the purely physical (6) , our species seems a poor (7) for survival.But we have survivedsurvived and multiplied and (8) the earth. Some day we will have a (9) living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these thi

44、ngs? Part of the answer is physical. (10) its limitations, our physical equipment has some important potentials.（分数：30.00）(1).A. processes B. acts C. modes D. procedures（分数：3.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 life processes 意为“生命历程”。modes 指“方式，方法”；procedures 指“程序，手续，常规”。(2).A. On B. With C. For D. By（分数：3.00）A.B.C.

45、D. 解析：解析 By itself 为固定用法，意思是“独自地，单独地”。(3).A. Stripped B. Pared C. Peeled D. Removed（分数：3.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 strip“脱去，剥去”。pare“削去；修剪，(逐步)消除”。peel“去(皮或壳等)”。remove“移动”。(4).A. intelligent B. impressive C. influential D. incentive（分数：3.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 这句话的意思是“当人类处于赤裸状态时，看起来比别的动物并不优越多少，给人的印象并不深刻”。intelli

46、gent“聪明的，有智力的”；influential“有影响力的”；incentive“刺激，激励”均不符合题意。(5).A. barely B. hardly C. nearly D. scarcely（分数：3.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 nearly 表示“几乎，将近”；barely，scarcely，hardly 表示“简直没有，几乎不”。(6).A. meaning B. judgement C. perspective D. sense（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 in.sense 为固定用法，意思是“从某种意义上说”。例如：in the literal/

47、strict sense“就字面/精确的意义而言”。(7).A. bet B. chance C. fact D. luck（分数：3.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 bet 表示“有可能成功的人(或事)，可寄以希望的人(或事物)”。这句话的意思是“如果仅从身体条件来看，人类很难生存下来”。(8).A. filled B. loaded C. stuffed D. scattered（分数：3.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 A 项 filled“注满，用装满”。B 项 loaded“装载；大量供给”。C 项 stuffed“塞入，塞满”。D 项 scattered“分散，散开”。fi

48、ll the earth 指“遍布地球”，强调分布范围之广。(9).A. residence B. colony C. home D. empire（分数：3.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 A 项 residence“居民”；B 项 colony 殖民地；C 项 home“家”；D 项 empire“王国”。根据上下文，B 正确。(10).A. Apart from B. With regard toC. With the exception of D. In spite of（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 apart from、with the exception of

49、 的意思是“除之外”。with regard to“关于”；in spite of“尽管”。根据题意，应选择表示让步关系的 in spite of。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：30.00)All the recent news on AIDS is bad. The death of Rock Hudson (1) public concern about the (2) almost to the point of panic. Now general concern is (3) not so much on personal risk but on the growing realization (4) this disease is having a deep impact (5) our society in a number of ways.For one thing, it is (6) financial and other resources. AIDS patients require long-term c