【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十六)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(十六)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop the spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was (1) for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, (2) sin

2、ce then has infected more than 1,600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this (3) , there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease.Symptoms start (4) a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body (5) . Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might (6) to shortnes

3、s of breath. In 10% to 200% of cases, patients require (7) ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms (8) begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it (9) take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to (10) a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagn

4、osed by its symptoms. There is no evidence (11) antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, (12) doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of (13) . Scientists arent sure yet, but some researchers think its a (14) discovered coronavirus, the fa

5、mily of viruses that cause some common colds.Most cases appear to have been passed (15) droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to (16) the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong su

6、ggest that the (17) might spread through air, or that the virus might (18) for two to three hours on doorknobs or other (19) Health experts say it is (20) , though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.（分数：10.00）(1).A detected B caught C disclose

7、d D revealed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A but B and C or D yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A time B point C aspect D instance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A from B over C upon D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A hurt B sore C aches D feelings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A process B advance C progress D convert（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A autom

8、atic B artificial C mechanical D controlled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A regularly B ordinarily C traditionally D generally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A will B might C should D must（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A cultivating B fostering C developing D designing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A which B that C whether D what（分数：0.50

9、）A.B.C.D.(12).A so B but C still D yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A communication B transportation C transformation D transmission（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A lately B newborn C newly D renewed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A under B through C beneath D from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A acquire B receive C obtain D contract（

10、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A ailment B ill-health C disease D infection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A continue B linger C delay D persist（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A exteriors B outside C surfaces D coverings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A probably B obviously C unlikely D clearly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分

11、数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most flamboyant, Secretary of State to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seeme

12、d ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as “the enemy“.But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He br

13、ought the United States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called “detente“, literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russia-American friction

14、.In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt. He used his contact later to begin the sort of talks that the American press called “shuttle diplomacy“. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled“ back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work o

15、ut a step-by-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplomacy“ work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-east peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.Another major work was the St

16、rategic Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not cons

17、ider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissingers final days in office were affected, as was the entire executive branch in one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissingers criti

18、cs point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed“ approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy

19、. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union.History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger-and many presidents-often said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a

20、personal vision that will be difficult to match. (459 words)Notes: work out 制定。spell out 清楚地说明。wiretap 窃听(电话)。scandal 丑闻。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the context, the word “flamboyant“ most likely meansA notorious.B ambiguous.C showy.D arbitrary.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the last pa

21、ragraph of the text thatA “shuttle diplomacy“ seriously affected the SALT treaty.B Watergate scandals made Kissinger ineffective.C some of the things Kissinger initiated are still being worked out.D Kissinger is an outstanding politician but unable to cope with domestic affairs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).

22、The text does not directly say, but implies that KissingerA suffered a series of defeats while being in office.B significantly altered the direction of international relationships.C was unsuccessful in bringing about peace in the Middle East.D played a more important role than the president during t

23、he Nixon administration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main idea of the text is thatA Kissinger helped smooth over many conflicts in the world.B as the Secretary of State, Kissinger was very influential in American foreign policy.C a lot of international conflicts would not have been resolved without Kiss

24、ingers effort.D Kissinger did much to end the cold war with the Communist World.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors tone in the text may best be summarized as that ofA objectivity.B suspicion.C sympathy.D admiration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In some ways, the United States has made spect

25、acular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than

26、100 Americans died in a fire.But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough. American fire depar

27、tments are some of the worlds fastest and best-equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in dispro

28、portionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them.Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a c

29、rime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history, that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary schools.

30、But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building codes now

31、require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.（分数：10.00）(1).The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that_.A. They took no interest in new technologyB. they did not attach great importance to preventing firesC. they showed indifference to fighting fire

32、sD. they did not spend enough money on fire facilities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Although the fire death rate has declined, the United States_.A. still has the worst fire death rate in the worldB. is still alert to the fire problemC. is still training a large number of safety expertsD. is still confronted

33、 with the serious fire problem（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that_.A. fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adultsB. American children have not received enough education of fire safety lessonC. Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the United StatesD.

34、 Americas large population accounts for hight fire frequency（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In what aspects should the United States learn from Japan?A. Architecture and building material.B. Education and technology.C. Laws and attitude.D. All of the above.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).To narrow the gap between the fir

35、e death rate in the United States and that in other countries, the author suggests_.A. developing new technologyB. counting more on laws and social pressureC. placing a fire extinguisher in every familyD. reinforcing the safeness of household appliances（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)El Nin

36、o is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the equatorial Pacific, sometimes called the Earths heartbeat, and is a dramatic but mysterious climate system that periodically rages across the Pacific.El Nino means “the little boy“

37、 or “the Christ child“ in Spanish, and is so called because its warm current is felt along coastal Peru and Ecuador around Christmas. But the local warming is just part of an intricate set of changes in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Earths circumfe

38、rence. Its intensity is such that it affects temperatures, storm tracks and rainfall around the world.Droughts in Africa and Australia, tropical storms in the Pacific, torrential rains along the Californian coast and lush greening of Peruvian deserts have all been ascribed to the whim of EI Nino. Un

39、til recently it has been returning about every three to five years. But recently it has become more frequent-for the first time on record it has returned for a fourth consecutive year-and at the same time a giant pool of unusually warm water has settled down in the middle of the Pacific and is showi

40、ng no signs of moving.Climatologists dont yet know why, though some are saying these aberrations may signal a worldwide change in climate. The problem is that nobody really seems sure what causes the El Nin o to start up, and what makes some stronger than others. And this makes it particularly hard

41、to explain why it has suddenly started behaving so differently.In the absence of EI Nino and its cold counterpart, La Nina, conditions in the tropical eastern Pacific are the opposite of those in the west. the east is cool and dry, while the west is hot and wet. In the east, its the winds and curren

42、ts that keep things cool. It works like this. Strong, steady winds, called trade winds, blowing west across the Pacific drag the surface water along with them. The varying influence of the Earths rotation at different latitudes, known as the Coriolis effect, causes these surface winds and water to v

43、eer towards the poles, north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere. The surface water is replaced by colder water from deeper in the ocean in a process known as upwelling.The cold surface water in turn chills the air above it. This cold dense air cannot rise high enough for

44、 water vapor to condense into clouds. The dense air creates an area of high pressure so that the atmosphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific is essentially devoid of rainfall.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer begins the text withA a description of a scene.B a root cause of EI Nino.C a narrative of an even

45、t.D a definition of EI Nino.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written toA discuss the causes of climatic irregularities.B exemplify the abnormal effects of EI Nino.C explain the way in which EI Nino develops.D show the recent observations of scientists.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “aberra

46、tions“ (Paragraph 4) can best be replaced byA irregularities.B destructions.C frequencies.D intensities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred that when EI Nino and La Nina occurs simultaneously,A the Coriolis effect may bring trade winds to the poles.B the atmosphere in the Pacific will be cool an

47、d dry.C the conditions in the eastern Pacific would be hot and wet.D the cold vapor will rise high enough to make for rainfall.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In exploring the effect of EI Nino, the author mainly focuses onA its violence.B its conditions.C its regularityD its features.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4

48、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For health insurance, the United States has taken the road less traveled. The United States is the only rich country without universal health insurance. People in the United States spend the most, rely heavily on the private sector, and obtain care from the worlds most complicated de

49、livery system. While some supporters have expressed satisfaction, if not pride, in these remarkable qualities, others contend that the United States faces unique limitations in reforming health care.In her exceptional book, Parting at the Crossroads, Antonia Maioni compares the formation of the U.S. and Canadi