【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十一)及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十一)及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十一)及答案解析.doc（30页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、中医综合-中药学(十一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes we have specific problems with our mother; sometimes, life with her can just be hard work. If there are difficulties in your (1) , its best to deal with them, (2) remember that any (3) should be done (4) person or b

2、y letter. The telephone is not a good (5) because it is too easy (6) either side to (7) the conversation.Explain to her (8) you find difficult in your relationship and then (9) some new arrangements that you think would establish a (10) balance between you. Sometimes we hold (11) from establishing s

3、uch boundaries because we are afraid that doing (12) implies we are (13) her. We need to remember that being (14) from our mother does not (15) mean that we no longer love her. If the conflict is (16) and you cannot find a way to (17) it, you might decide to give up your relationship with your mothe

4、r for a while. Some of my patients had (18) “trial separations“. The (19) allowed things to simmer down, enabling (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A relationship B emission C emulation D interpretation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A and B but C thus D or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A contradiction B estimation C confrontation D

5、immersion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A by B for C to D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A innovation B manoeuvre C medium D synthesis（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A on B for C off D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A formulate B commence C perceive D terminate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A whether B how C what D why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A prop

6、ose B perform C remove D outline（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A distinctive B turbulent C spontaneous D healthier（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A back B on C off D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A it B which C what D so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A mustering B ejecting C insulting D retaliating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A harmonious

7、B wholesome C malignant D independent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A instantly B reluctantly C necessarily D steadily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A moderate B hereditary C inevitable D extreme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A shape B resolve C simulate D grind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A successful B compulsory C miserable D sta

8、tionary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A blunder B temptation C break D trait（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A reconciliation B rebellion C recreation D rehearse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Henric Ibsen, author of the play “ A Dolls House” , in which

9、 a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed

10、 in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences which could include being dissolved.Before the law was pro

11、posed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or Americas 15% for the Fortune 500. Norways stock exchange and its main business lob

12、by oppose the law, as do many businessmen.” I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,” says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. “ Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,” he says. Several firms h

13、ave even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and

14、 are known in Norwegian business circles as the “ golden skirts” . One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries t

15、o find women with enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong di

16、rectors. “Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms. Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norways chairman of the year for 2007.（分数：10.00）(1).The author mentions Ibsens play in the first paragraph in order toA depict womens dilemma at work.B explain the newly passed law.C support N

17、orwegian government.D introduce the topic under discussion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced toA pay a heavy fine.B close down its business.C change into a private business.D sign a document promising to act.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).To which of the foll

18、owing is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C A common principle should be followed by all companies.D An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author at

19、tributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” toA the small number of qualified females in management.B the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies.C the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions.D the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles.（分数：2.00）A.

20、B.C.D.(5).The main idea of the text might beA female power and liberation in Norway.B the significance of Henric Ibsens play.C womens status in Norwegian firms.D the constitution of board members in Norway.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With 22 years on the job, Jackie Bracey could be cons

21、idered a career employee of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the government money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N. C., is a taxpayer advocate, a created by Co

22、ngress in 1998 as part of the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 Other offices nationwide, backed by 2,100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers who are in financial straits because of something the agency has done or is about to do.Thou

23、gh it may seem contrary to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS is doing, or planning, would create an un

24、due hardship on the taxpayer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or she “is suffering or is about to suffer a significant hardship.”Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around

25、in one form or another since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional directors but to her office. While this gave them a great deal more authority, outside watchdogs s

26、ay more can be done. “There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers”, says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group.The taxpayers union also has complained that Congress and the Bush administration dont seem to be

27、taking the advocates seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and collector, such as a December notice from Ms. Olson that the IRS should have just one defini

28、tion of a dependent child, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws.If taxpayers havent made legitimate claims for credits, theres nothing the advocate can do to reverse that course. And Olson says th

29、at while taxpayers are free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “Were really there for .when the processes fall down,” she says. Every state has at least one taxpay

30、er-advocate service office.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the main task of tax advocates isA to chase and collect tax from reluctant taxpayers.B to cooperate with field workers and support staff.C to help taxpayers and find problems in IRS work.D to negotiate with National Taxpayers Union.（分数：

31、2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The advocate service “may seem contrary to the IRS” (Line 1, Para. 2) becauseA it works for the National Taxpayers Union.B it often finds faults with their own work.C it speeds up a collection action.D it always criticizes IRS on behalf of taxpayers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to

32、 Paragraph 3, which of the following is correct?A Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around and given much power since 1979.B Taxpayers had to report to the regional directors before 1998.C Taxpayers have no worries since 1998.D More efforts are needed before an independent agency is established.（分数：2.00）

33、A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “gum up the works” (Line 3, Para. 4) probably meanA to impair the benefits. B to bring about solutions.C to lead to trouble. D to improve the relations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When Olson say “Were really there for when the processes fall down” (Line 4, Para. 5), she means thatA t

34、hey will provide help whenever taxpayers make claims.B they will get involved in the normal appeals process.C they will offer counseling when citizen calls.D they will give help when procedural problems occur.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Largely for “spiritual reasons“, Nancy Manos start

35、ed home-schooling her children five years ago and has studiously avoided public schools ever since. Yet last week, she was enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter, Olivia, in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichmenta program run by the Mesa, Ariz. , public schools a

36、nd taught by district teachers. Manos still wants to handle the basics, but likes that Eagleridge offers the extras, “things I couldnt teach. “ One doubt, though, lingers in her mind. why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything? A big part of the answer is economic

37、s. The number of home-schooled kids nationwide has risen to as many as 1.9 million from an estimated 345,000 in 1994, and school districts that get state and local dollars per child are beginning to suffer. In Maricopa County, which includes Mesa, the number of home-schooled kids has more than doubl

38、ed during that period to 7,526, at about $ 4,500 a child, thats nearly $ 34 million a year in lost revenue. Not everyones happy with these innovations. Some states have taken the opposite tack. Like about half the states, West Virginia refuses to allow home-schooled kids to play public-school sports

39、. And in Arizona, some complain that their tax dollars are being used to create programs for families who, essentially, eschew participation in public life. “That makes my teeth grit,“ says Daphne Atkeson, whose 10-year-old son attends public school in Paradise Valley. Even some committed home-schoo

40、lers question the new programs, given their central irony., they turn home-schoolers into public-school students, says Bob Parsons, president of the Alaska Private and Home Educators Association. “Weve lost about one third of our members to those programs. Theyre so enticing. “ Mesa started Eaglerid

41、ge four years ago, when it saw how much money it was losing from home schoolersand how unprepared some students were when they re-entered the schools. Since it began, the programs enrollment has nearly doubled to 397, and last year the district moved Eagleridge to a strip mall (between a pizza joint

42、 and a laser-tag arcade). Parents typically drop off their kids once a week; because most of the children qualify as quarter-time students, the district collects $ 911 per child. “Its like getting a taste of what real school is like,“ says 10-year-old Chad Lucas, whos learning computer animation and

43、 creative writing. Other school districts are also experimenting with novel ways to court home schoolers. The town of Galena, Alaska, (pop. 600) has just 178 students. But in 1997, its school administrators figured they could reach beyond their borders. Under the program, the district gives home-sch

44、ooling families free computers and Internet service for correspondence classes. In return, the district gets $ 3,100 per student enrolled in the program$ 9.6 million a year, which it has used partly for a new vocational school. Such alternatives just might appeal to other districts. Ernest Felty, he

45、ad of Hardin County schools in southern Illinois, has 10 home-schooled pupils. That may not sound like much except that he has a staff of 68, and at $ 4,500 a child, “thats probably a teachers salary,“ Fehy says. With the right robotics or art class, though, he could take the home out of home school

46、ing.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_. A posing a contrast B justifying an assumption C explaining a phenomenon D making a comparison（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The public school system wants to offer home-school families something, because_. A it does not want to

47、lose much money from the increasing home-schoolers B home-schoolers have some difficulty in getting some particular knowledge C home-schoolers are eager to have a taste of what a real school is like D it has the responsibility to help the home-schoolers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The statement “That makes

48、my teeth grit,“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) implies that_. A I wanted to eat something B I was angry and dissatisfied C I was in favor of what the public school had done D I wanted not to bring my children to that school（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The statistics in Paragraph two helps us draw a conclusion that_. A economics is greatly influenced by so many home-schoolers B the number of the home-schoolers is steadily increasing C it is a great loss for the public school system to have so many home-schoolers D home-schooling has an incomparable advantage over the public school s