【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(十)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is (1) and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is (2) listening behavior. As a(an) (3)

2、 in point, one parent believed that her daughter had a severe (4) problem. She was so (5) that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent:“Theres nothing wrong with her hearing. Shes just (6) you out. “ A leading

3、cause of the (7) divorce rate (more than half of all marriages end in divorce) is the failure of husbands and wives to (8) effectively. They dont listen to each other. Neither person (9) to the actual message sent by the other. In (10) fashion, political scientists report that a growing number of pe

4、ople believe that their elected and (11) officials are out of (12) with the constituents they are supposedly (13) Why? Because they dont believe that they listen to them. In fact, it seems that sometimes our politicians dont even listen to themselves. The following is a true story: At a national (14

5、) conference held in Albuquerque some years ago, then Senator Joseph Montoya was (15) a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to (16) a speech. When he rose to speak, (17) the horror of the press aide and the (18) of his audience, Montoya began reading

6、the press release, not his speech. He began, “For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya, Democrat of New Mexico, last night told the National. “ Montoya read the entire six page release, (19) with the statement that he “was repeatedly (20) by applause. /（分数：10.00）(1).A scarce B little C rare

7、D poor（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A malignant B deficient C ineffective D feeble（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A case B example C lesson D suggestion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A audio B aural C hearing D listening（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A believing B convinced C assured D doubtless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A turning B tuning C tu

8、cking D tugging（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A rising B arising C raising D arousing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A exchange B interchange C encounter D interact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A relates B refers C responds D resorts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A like B alike C likely D likewise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A nominated B selec

9、ted C appointed D supported（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A connection B reach C association D touch（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A leading B representing C delegating D supporting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A legislative B legitimate C legalized D liberal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A distributed B awarded C handed D submitted（

10、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A present B publish C deliver D pursue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A to B with C for D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A joy B enjoyment C amusement D delight（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A conclude B to conclude C concluding D concluded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A disrupted B interfered C interrupted D st

11、opped（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some people talk about immigration in terms of politics, some in terms of history. But the core of the matter is numbers. The Labor Department says that immigrants make up about 15 percent of the

12、work force. Its estimated that a third of those are undocumented workers. The Pew Hispanic Center estimates that one in four farmhands in the United States is an undocumented immigrant, and that they make up a significant portion of the people who build our houses, clean our office buildings and pre

13、pare our food.America has become a nation dependent on the presence of newcomers, both those with green cards and those without. Business leaders say agriculture, construction, meatpacking and other industries would collapse without them.Sure, it would be great if everyone were here legally, if the

14、immigration service werent such a disaster that getting a green card is a lifes work. It would be great if other nations had economies robust enough to support their citizens so leaving home wasnt the only answer. But at a certain point public policy means dealing not only with how things ought to b

15、e but with how they are. Heres how they are: these people work the jobs we dont want, sometimes two and three jobs at a time. They do it on the cheap, which is tough, so that their children wont have to, which is good. They use services like hospitals and schools, which is a drain on public coffers,

16、 and they pay taxes, which contribute to them.Immigration is never about today, always about tomorrow, an exercise in that thing some native-born Americans seem to have lost the knack for: deferred gratification. Its the educated man who arrived in the Washington D. C., area and took a job doing lan

17、dscaping, then found work as a painter, then was hired to fix up an entire apartment complex by someone who liked his work ethic. He started his own business and wound up employing others. Does it matter that he arrived in this country with no work visa if he is now supporting the nations economy?If

18、 any towns, whose aging populations were on the wane before the immigrants arrived, succeed in driving newcomers away, those who remain will find themselves surrounded by empty storefronts, deserted restaurants and houses that will not sell. Its the civic equivalent of starving to death because you

19、dont care for the food. But at least everyone involved can tell themselves their town wasted away while they were speaking English.（分数：10.00）(1).It is estimated that _ of US workforce is made up of undocumented immigrants.A 15 percentB one thirdC 4.5 percentD one in four（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is

20、the image of undocumented immigrants in the authors opinion?A illegal and need to be sent back to where theyre from.B essential to the construction of US economy.C encouraged to work illegally in US.D enjoying the public services without contributing to them.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the tex

21、t, if all the newcomers are driven away from a city, it would be possible that _A the economy would be more prosperous because of convenience of management.B house lease industry may decline due to lack of customers.C people in the city may starve to death.D everyone will involve in the process and

22、cheer for it.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors opinion, why do undocumented immigrants straggle for life?A provide services to US citizens.B do those the US citizens dont want to do.C enable their own country be robust enough to support themselves.D make their children to be legal citizens of the

23、US.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The example of the young man in Washington D.C. has shown that _A all the illegal immigrants can be successful.B it doesnt matter whether an immigrant is legal if he can contribute to the country.C only educated immigrants can support the development of US economy.D a work vi

24、sa is necessary for foreigners to get a job in the US.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rai

25、nbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, l despaired at the singular lack of im

26、agination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic w

27、ashing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour

28、, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully Cam

29、e into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psycholog

30、ical development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

31、Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone“ between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler“ became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting k

32、ids, or adults, into ever- tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differencesor invent them where they did not previously exist.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “it is. the rainbow“(Line 2, Para. 1), the author means

33、 pinkA should not be the sole representation of girlhood.B should not be associated with girls innocence.C cannot explain girls lack of imagination.D cannot influence girls lives and interests.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colours are enco

34、ded in girls DNA.B Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D White is prefered by babies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced byA the marketing of pro

35、ducts for children.B the observation of childrens nature.C researches into childrens behavior.D studies of childhood consumption.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised toA focus on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to differen

36、t gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to beA clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD

37、 well interpreted by psychological experts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may seem innocuousso much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as t

38、hat data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If its loaded with spam

39、, its undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong Web site.Do you think your telephone number or address are handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names youve probably never heard oflike Acxiom or Merlinbuy and sell your pe

40、rsonal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if youve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sou

41、rcesincluding pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with.In a larger sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of “Big Brother“the government is watching you or a big corporation is w

42、atching you. But privacy issues dont necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husbands Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is

43、 news to anyonepeople are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywherethere is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Ju

44、st ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Departments antitrust case against Microsoft.And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a single phrase: “

45、I have nothing to hide. “ If you have nothing to hide, why shouldnt the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your e-mail or a company send you junk mail? Its a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over.It is hard

46、 to deny, however, that people behave different when theyre being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.（分数：10.00）(1).The email example showsA email has become the predominant means of communication.B careless surrendering of

47、 personal information can be harmful.C the communication via email is replacing that via telephone.D email will become an area for potential attacks on privacy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Companies like Acxiom or MerlinA make a profit by acquiring and selling personal information.B compile telephone direct

48、ories for local business transaction.C are law firms specializing in dealing with privacy issues.D are agencies whose major mission is to protect privacy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can infer from the third paragraph thatA cases of intrusion on privacy are the most serious in large institutions.B people are now clearly aware how their privacy can be invaded.C the Justice Department has done nothing about privacy issues so far.D Bill Gates email messages have been used against him in his lawsuit.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To the popular saying “I have nothing to