【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(六)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(六)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In order to understand, however imperfectly, what is meant by “face“, we must take (1) of the fact that, as a race, the Chinese have a strongly (2) instinct. The theatre may almost be said to be the only national amusement, an

2、d the Chinese have for theatricals a (3) like that of the Englishman (4) athletics, or the Spaniard for bull-fights. Upon very slight provocation, any Chinese regards himself in the (5) of an actor in a drama. He throws himself into theatrical attitudes, performs the salaam, falls upon his knees, pr

3、ostrates himself and strikes his head upon the earth, (6) circumstances which to an Occidental seem to make such actions superfluous, (7) to say ridiculous. A Chinese thinks in theatrical terms. When roused in self-defense he addresses two or three persons as if they were a multitude. He exclaims: “

4、I say this in the presence of You, and You, and You, who are all here present. “ If his troubles are adjusted he (8) of himself as having “got off the stage“ with credit, and if they are not adjusted he finds no way to “retire from the stage“. All this, (9) it clearly understood, has nothing to do w

5、ith realities. The question is never of facts, but always of (10) . If a fine speech has been (11) at the proper time and in the proper way, the requirement of the play is met. We are not to go behind the scenes, for that would (12) all the plays in the world. Properly to execute acts like these in

6、all the complex relations of life, is to have “face“. To fail them, to ignore them, to be thwarted in the performance of them, this is to “ (13) face“. Once rightly apprehended, “face“ will be found to be in itself a (14) to the combination lock of many of the most important characteristics of the C

7、hinese. It should be added that the principles which regulate “face“ and its attainment are often wholly (15) the intellectual apprehension of the Occidental, who is constantly forgetting the theatrical element, and wandering (16) into the irrelevant regions of fact. To him it often seems that Chine

8、se “face“ is not unlike the South Sea Island taboo, a force of undeniable potency, but capricious, and not reducible to rule, deserving only to be abolished and replaced by common sense. At this point Chinese and Occidentals must agree to (17) , for they can never be brought to view the same things

9、in the same light. In the adjustment of the incessant quarrels which distract every hamlet, it is necessary for the “peace-talkers“ to take a careful account of the (18) of “face“ as European statesmen once did of the balance of power. The object in such cases is not the execution of even-handed jus

10、tice, which, even if theoretically desirable, seldom (19) to an Oriental as a possibility, but such an arrangement as will distribute to all concerned “face“ in due proportions. The same principle often applies in the settlement of lawsuits, a very large percentage of which end in what may be called

11、 a (20) game. （分数：10.00）(1).A account B hold C shape D care（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A ego-centric B dramatic C thrifty D diligent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A passion B hatred C nonchalance D perception（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A on B at C for D over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A presence B performance C lines D light（分数：0

12、.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A with B under C out of D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A not B or C much D even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A speaks B argues C communicates D jokes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A be B is C was D were（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A mistakes B stories C form D structure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A listened to B deliver

13、ed C called D watched（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A enhance B misunderstand C spoil D retell（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A gain B win C compete D lose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A key B quest C reflection D silhouette（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A within B following C beyond D included（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A up B off C down D

14、 out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A disagree B compromise C settle D surrender（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A significance B meaning C essence D balance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A happens B means C relates D occurs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A fair B good C drawn D love（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Pa

15、rt A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Earlier this summer Arnold Schwarzenegger, Californias governor, said that the states penal system was “falling apart in front of our very eyes“. Indeed so. Some 172,000 inmates are crowded into institutionsfrom the states 33 prisons to its 12 “community co

16、rrectional facilities“that are meant to house fewer than 90,000. Drug abuse is rampant; so too are diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Race-based gangs pose the constant threat of violence, riot and even murder. And with more than 16,000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms, reha

17、bilitation programs are virtually non-existentwhich helps to explain why two-thirds of Californias convicts, the highest rate in the country, are back in prison within three years of being released.Will the governors summons of a special session of the state legislature, beginning this week, bring a

18、 remedy? The reason for the session is to discuss Mr. Schwarzeneggers request for almost $ 5.8 billion of public money to be pumped into the prison system. Bonds for $ 2 billion would finance ten 500-bed “re-entry facilities“ for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences; another $ 2 billion woul

19、d expand existing prisons; $1.2 billion would be earmarked for two new prisons; and $ 500m would go for new prison hospitals.Money alone will provide neither an immediate solution nor a lasting one. The first problem is that California simply puts too many offenders in prison. The imprisonment rate,

20、 which has risen almost eight-fold since 1970 and is way ahead of any European country, has consistently meant overcrowding despite the construction of 22 new prisons in the past 20 years.The 1994 “three-strikes“ law, approved by voters in a referendum, means handing out 25-years-to-life sentences f

21、or often trivial third offencesand results in the growing presence in prison of elderly inmates who cost the taxpayer far more than the average of $ 34,000 a prisoner. Meanwhile, the practice of returning parole violators to prison, even for relatively trivial mis-steps such as missing a drugs test,

22、 also strains the system; some 11% of inmates are parole violators. Added to all these are more than 5,000 illegal immigrants being held on behalf of the federal government.The second problem is that any attempt to reform Californias penal policy becomes hostage to politics. Two years ago, the gover

23、nor was expressing optimism. He added the word “rehabilitation“ to Californias department of corrections, appointed Rod Hickman, a reform- minded former prison guard, to oversee the system and promised to lessen the power of the 31,000-strong prison guards union, not least by breaking the “code of s

24、ilence“ that protects corrupt or violent guards. But that was then. The reality now is that Mr. Hickman resigned in March. Evidence indicates that the governors office may have given the code of silence in Californias prisons a new lease on life.Many experts say that with no moderation in sentencing

25、 policies on the horizon, the prison population is expected to grow by another 21,000 over the next five yearsenough to out-pace any prison-building program. Thus, the dream of prison reforms will never touch the ground.（分数：10.00）(1).By quoting governor Schwarzeneggers remark, the author intends toA

26、 emphasize the fact that Schwarzenegger is still in his office.B show the fact that drug abuse is rampant in prisons.C point out that California has the highest convict rate in the US.D introduce the topic of overcrowding problem in California prisons.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, C

27、alifornia has the highest rate of returning prisoners becauseA the prisons in California are too crowded.B the prisons failed to rehabilitate the prisoners.C the prisoners can sleep in the gymnasiums and classrooms.D the prisoners are released after only three years of imprisonment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

28、(3).Arnold Schwarzenegger calls for a legislation session becauseA he wants to raise more money to enhance prison facilities.B he believes public money should be responsible for prison construction.C he realizes the problem with prisons is a lack of investment.D he plans to win a second term for his

29、 governorship.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true about the “three-strikes“ law?A It actually wastes more resources in terms of finance.B It is approved by voters to save money for the taxpayers.C It severely punishes those who violate the law for the third time.D It increases the co

30、st of keeping a prisoner to $ 34,000.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage thatA the “code of silence“ often helps protect guards from violence.B the governors office has decided to give a new life to the prisons.C the solution to overpopulation in prisons lies in softening senten

31、ces.D the prison population calls for more prison-building programs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Thomas Hardys impulses as a writer, all of which indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree interested in

32、exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary realism

33、in the several senses of that phrase; He wanted to describe ordinary human beings. He wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcen

34、d what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such

35、as Flaubert or James learned, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the

36、 part of what we might consider a novelist scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one. And thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous ri

37、sky and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style-that sure index of an authors literary worth-was certain to become verbose.Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inab

38、ility to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted of first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His most controlled no

39、vel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses-a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into two distin

40、ct parts.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?A Hardys Novelistic Style: A Literary Light.B Hardys Creative Conflict: Rationalism and Realism.C Hardys Achievements: An Ambiguous Triumph.D Hardys Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of C

41、onflicts.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions Hardys novel “Under the Greenwood Tree“ to justify his comments onA his awareness of profundity.B his contrastive impulses.C his tendency to compromise.D his nonconformist image.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following words could best be substitu

42、ted for “relaxed“ (Paragraph 3) without substantially changing the authors meaning?A Wordy.B Spontaneous.C Concise.D Commonplace.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).As pointed out in the passage, the exposition of the structure and texture of a flower is a good example ofA sensitivity.B obscurity.C preciseness.D d

43、eviation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Concerning literary realism as mentioned in the passage, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with?A Novelists of literary realism reconcile a compromise in their impulses.B The term “literary realism“ is susceptible to more than a single defi

44、nition.C The label of “literary realism“ is too all-inclusive to be clearly specified.D Chances are slim that writers integrate different desires into their works.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)No blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government control

45、 to one based almost solely on free market principles. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-performing state-owned are sold to private companies.By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state-co

46、ntrolled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion annually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased its debt burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Alista

47、ir McBride, “Far from past practice of throwing good money after bad, the Queens government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale.“ That, say some analysts, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the nati

48、ons economy to boot.Due to increased tax revenues from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain will be able to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a who

49、le at a time when many sectors are desperate for any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a year ago. British Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contract was finalized, the first