【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(二十三)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(二十三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling. (1) of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless (2) on Gods earth. What we should (3) at producing

2、is men who (4) both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start (5) , and their culture will lead them as (6) as philosophy and as high as (7) We have to remember that the valuable (8) development is self-development, and that it

3、(9) takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must (10) of what I will call “inert ideas“ that is to say, ideas that are merely (11) into the

4、 mind without being (12) , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.In the history of education, the most (13) phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a (14) generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overl

5、ade with inert ideas. Except at (15) intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically (16) with inert ideas. That is the reason why (17) clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been sav

6、ed from this horrible (18) of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity (19) greatness has been a (20) protest against inert ideas.（分数：10.00）(1).A Chips B Scraps C Fractions D Plates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A bore B irony C snob D gut（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A point B aim C

7、clutch D snap（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A identify B occupy C possess D ensure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A with B from C into D beyond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A linear B deep C militant D odd（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A zoom B art C rap D poll（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A rational B physiological C divine D intellectual（分数：0.50

8、）A.B.C.D.(9).A mostly B randomly C seldom D regularly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A beware B dispose C ensure D boast（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A contained B received C squeezed D embedded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A utilized B assessed C gauged D geared（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A integral B classical C obscure D striki

9、ng（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A succeeding B preceding C accompanying D emerging（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A rare B minor C scarce D regular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A infected B influenced C instructed D endowed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A unrefined B unintended C unrestrained D uneducated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A load

10、B burden C gap D span（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A off B on C into D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A violent B passionate C exempt D idealistic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Remember the days when companies such as Microsoft and Mc-Kinsey too

11、k immense satisfaction from subjecting job candidates to mind-crunching strategy sessions? If you thought that was rough, imagine an interview in which no amount of research or questioning of insiders will help. Imagine instead that all you can do is have a healthy breakfast, pick out your nicest su

12、it, and hope for the best. In the new interview, theyre not just testing what you know. Theyre also testing who you are.Its called the situational interview, and its quickly becoming a must in the job-seeking world. In the post-Enron culture of caution, corporations are focusing on an obvious insigh

13、t: that a gold-plated resume and winning personality are about as accurate in determining job performance as Wall Street analysts are in picking stocks. Now, with shareholder scrutiny, hiring slowdowns, and expense-reducing, no manager can afford to hire the wrong person. Hundreds of companies are s

14、witching to the new methods. Whereas the conventional interview has been found to be only 7% accurate in predicting job performance, situational interviews deliver a rating of 54%the most of any interviewing tool.The situational techniques superiority stems from its ability to trip up even the witti

15、est of interviewees. Of course, every applicant must display a healthy dose of occupational know-how, but behavior and ethical backbone play a big role. For example, a prospective analyst at a Wall Street bank might have to face, say, a customer with an account argument. Its not happening on paper,

16、but in real timewith managers and experts watching nearby. The interviewer plays the role of a fierce customer on the phone, angry about money lost when a trade wasnt executed on time. Its set up as an obvious mistake on the bankers part.Interviewers watch the candidates reactions: how they process

17、the complex account information, their ability to talk the client down, what their body language displays about their own shortcomings, and which words they choose. In this instance, not being honest about the mistake or showing anger or frustrationno matter how glowing your resumemeans youre out.Be

18、havioral interviews are also being rounded out by other tools that, until recently, had been reserved for elite hires. Personality-testing outfit Caliper, for example, which probes candidates for emotional-intelligence skills and job ability, has seen its business jump 20% this year.Clearly, the new

19、 interview isnt without its drawbacks. Companies run the risk of arousing hostility in candidates, who may feel as if some line has been crossed into personal territory. Moreover, sortie companies worry about the fairness of personality tests. They have to make sure there are no inherent gender or r

20、acial biases in the test.（分数：10.00）(1).In conventional interviews, Microsoft tested applicants by_.A pressing them to solve strategic issuesB causing them to crack mental problemsC subjecting them to doing a lot of researchD making them worry stiff problems out（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the situational

21、 interview, job-seekers have to_.A be dressed up in the height of fashionB be examined in professional experiencesC demonstrate their personalities and knowledgeD present elegantly written and polished resumes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The new interview is widely adopted because of its_.A efficiency in se

22、lecting the fittest brainsB insight into the interviewees characterC accuracy in testing working experienceD exactness in assessing performing skills（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The situational interview is superior to the conventional in its_.A capability to catch the smartest applicants in misjudgmentsB p

23、ossibility to lead the wisest candidates to behavioral mistakesC technique to make the cleverest interviewees be inaccurateD function to frustrate the brightest individuals by hard questions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The advantages of behavioral interview include all of the following EXCEPT_.A it helps av

24、oid employing the wrong personnelB it urges examinees on fully displaying expertiseC it drives most candidates into feeling enmityD it stimulates testees to handle real-time problems（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An experiment that some hoped would reveal a new class of subatomic particles

25、, and perhaps even point to clues about why the universe exists at all, has instead produced a first round of results that are mysteriously inconclusive.Dr. Conrad and William C. Louis presented their initial findings in a talk yesterday at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory where the experim

26、ent is being performed.The goal was to confirm or refute observations made in the 1990s in a Los Alamos experiment that observed transformations in the evanescent but bountiful particles known as neutrinos(微中子). Neutrinos have no electrical charge and almost no mass, but there are so many of them th

27、at they could collectively outweigh all the stars in the universe.The new experiment has attracted wide interest. That reflected in part the hope of finding cracks in the Standard Model, which encapsulates physicists current knowledge about fundamental particles and forces.The Standard Model has pro

28、ved remarkably effective and accurate, but it cannot answer some fundamental questions, like why the universe did not completely annihilate(毁灭) itself an instant after the Big Bang.The birth of the universe 13.7 billion years ago created equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since matter and antim

29、atter annihilate each other when they come in contact, that would have left nothing to coalesce into stars and galaxies. There must be some imbalance in the laws of physics that led to a slight preponderance of matter over antimatter, and that extra bit of matter formed everything in the visible uni

30、verse.The imbalance, some physicists believe, may be hiding in the dynamics of neutrinos.Neutrinos come in three known types, or flavors. And they can change flavor as they travel. But the neutrino transformations reported in the Los Alamos data do not fit the three-flavor model, suggesting four fla

31、vors of neutrinos, if not more.The new experiment sought to count the number of times one flavor of neutrino, called a muon( 介子), turned into another flavor, an electron neutrino.For most of the neutrino energy range they looked at, the scientists did not see any more electron neutrinos than would b

32、e predicted by the Standard Model. That ruled out the simplest ways of interpreting the Los Alamos neutrino data, Dr. Conrad and Dr. Louis said.But at the lower energies, the scientists did see more electron neutrinos than predicted: 369, rather than the predicted 273. That may simply mean that some

33、 calculations are off. Or it could point to a subtler interplay of particles, known and unknown.Dr. Louis said he was surprised by the results.“ I was sort of expecting a clear excess or no excess,“ he said. “In a sense, we got both./（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that the“ initia

34、l findings“ of Dr. Conrad and Louis are _.A a new class of subatoms.B new subatomic particles.C new characters of neutrinos.D none of the above.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, Neutrinos are kinds of particles that _.A are numerous and stable.B have no electric charge.C are short-lived ma

35、tter.D are small in amount.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can conclude that the dynamics of neutrinos may cause _.A the universe to completely annihilate itself.B some imbalance by generating more antimatter.C the birth of the universe after the Big Bang.D the uniting of matter into celestial body.（分数：2.00

36、）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, the Los Alamos experiment has reported that _.A there are numerous neutrinos which fade away quickly.B during traveling, neutrinos can change into three types.C there are large numbers of neutrinos at the lower energies.D neutrinos are observed for the first time

37、during the experiment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the experiment, Dr. Conrad and Louis find out _.A most of the data in the Los Alamos experiment is not accurate.B the number of times one flavor of neutrino converts into another.C there is some subtler interplay of particles causing miscalculations.D th

38、e number of neutrinos is more than estimated at the higher energies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages.

39、Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequ

40、ently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, whi

41、le recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to t

42、his, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this questio

43、n of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some

44、idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher

45、has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time-wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends, aft

46、er that, on what use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique.Now the first and most important part of a language teachers technique is his own performance, his ability to demonstrate the spoken language, in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking, so that the

47、 students latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then, should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself. And to supplement his own performance, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings, ra

48、dio, television and video, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one, then to vary the method of presenting the language material. (537 words)Notes: set about 着手，试图。articulation 发音。latent 潜在的，不明显的。at ones disposal 供某人任意支配使用。（分数：10.00）(1).What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?A Only a few people are really proficient.B No one is really an expert in the skill.C There arent many people who are even fairly good.D There are even some people who are