【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(二)及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries women must overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. “Most obstacles to progress consist of (1) of various kinds,“ says the Inter-Parliam

2、entary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization (2) 139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, womens networks and solidarity between women.In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes (3) hard. The belief still holds (4) that wome

3、n belong in the kitchen and (5) the children, not at election (6) or in the Speakers chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who, upon entering politics, also bear the brunt (正面冲击) of verbal and physical (7) .In impoverished (贫穷的) countries (8) by civil conflicts and deteriorat

4、ing economic and social conditions, women are (9) by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families.The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilitiesoften (10) a privileged fewthe (11) of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backin

5、g women receive from their families. That support, which is (12) as well as financial, is (13) vital because women have internalized (14) images of themselves since the (15) of time and often suffer from low self-confidence.Another obstacle is the lack of financial resources, especially as election

6、campaigns become increasingly expensive. (16) , women encounter more or less open machismo (男子汉的高傲) in the (17) of closed political circles (18) entry to the “second sex. “ Lastly, they (19) the lack of solidarity between women, (20) by the fact that the number of available positions is limited.（分数：

7、10.00）(1).A deficiencies B deficits C defects D flaws（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A embracing B composing C comprising D constituting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A persist B vanish C revive D die（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A sway B water C truth D proof（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A with B to C among D into（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A

8、assemblies B conventions C associations D rallies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A penalties B attacks C tortures D abuses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A penetrated B compressed C intensified D racked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A strapped B bandaged C restrained D inhibited（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A allowed for B put in for C re

9、served for D compensated for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A endeavor B persistence C stubbornness D reluctance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A moral B mortal C orthodox D sensible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A all the same B at most C all the more D above all（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A negative B obsolete C undesirable D vice（

10、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A commencement B threshold C dawn D outbreak（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A To make matters worse B In contrastC By the same token D To sum up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A form B fashion C pattern D format（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A inspiring B barring C disapproving D banning（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19

11、).A convict B justify C highlight D regret（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A deteriorated B solidified C aggravated D occurred（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. They greet their chil

12、drens teenage with needless dread. While teenagers may assault us with heavy-metal music, wear strange clothes, have strange hair styles, and spend all their time dating or meeting friends, such behavior scarcely adds up to full-scale revolt.Take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that t

13、eenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their wings, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for reassurance. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. It has bec

14、ome harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. They have come out of their cocooninto a larger cocoon.Teenage rebellion, according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg, coauthor of You and Your Adolescent, has been greatly overstated. Many ot

15、her psychologists agree. The idea that teenagers inevitably rebel is a myth that has the potential for great family harm. This notion can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters.Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child and parent. Te

16、enagers need to establish themselves as individualsin their own minds and in the eyes of others. This search isnt about rebellion: its about becoming a person of ones own. “ Teenagers ought to be growing away from their parents and learning to stand on their own two feet, “ says Steinberg.Here is on

17、e way parents can help: dont stereotype. “ Parents who expect teenage rebellion may actually stir it up, “ says Kenneth I. Howard, a member of a research team that collected survey data on more than 20,000 teenagers over a 28-year period.Howard cautions parents not to resort to suppression at the fi

18、rst sight of adolescent independence, fearful that giving in even slightly now means drugs cannot be far behind. When parents overreact, teenagers assert themselves more, parents clamp down harder, and a full-scale blowup results.In fact, psychologists say that there is no inevitable pattern to teen

19、age behavior, and no such creature as a typical teenager. Your teenager is now larger, stronger, older and smarter than before, with an additional supply of hormone raging through the bloodstream. But he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth. Given a chance, your son o

20、r daughter will continue to behave in ways you have established.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, parents fear for their childrens teenage is_.A ridiculous B unnecessaryC unreasonable D sensible（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“ A larger cocoon “ as mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the situation that_.A

21、teenagers disagree with their parentsB teenagers want to be independentC teenagers cannot escape from the popularity waveD teenagers need support from their fellow teenagers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Overstating teenage rebellion will lead to the following consequences EXCEPT_.A it can do harm to the fami

22、lyB it can damage parents influenceC it can prevent teenagers from being individualsD it can impair teenagers ability to make correct judgment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the psychologists, it is beneficial for parents to_.A show fear B use suppressionC clamp down harder D treat teenagers as th

23、ey used to（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The text is meant to_.A advise the parents how to get along with their teenagersB discuss teenage rebellion and ways to cope with itC introduce psychologists views on teenage behaviorsD clarify the misconception about teenage rebellion（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数

24、：10.00)If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may

25、 soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses.Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some

26、500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to indivi

27、dual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling-but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners.In

28、fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians

29、 complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit.Gale Norton, George Bushs interior secretary was charged with contempt in

30、November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trust-fund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, whic

31、h had been interrupted l resumed.And that is not the end of it. Ms Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a ,

32、neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied but not stated in the first sentence is that American Ind

33、iansA expressed their gratitude for their lawyers.B won a victory by use of legal weapons.C have lost confidence in their government.D came to believe the public opinion polls.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It seems that the author is most critical of the governmentsA irresponsibility.B interference.C bureauc

34、racy.D inequality.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When mentioning “parcels of 80 to 160 acres“, the writer is talking aboutA oil prospectors.B trust payments.C private property.D land ownership.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the attitude of American Indians towards Gale Nortons proposal?A Skeptical.B Scornful.C

35、Annoyed.D Indifferent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is TRUE according the text?A Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.C BIA deliberately leaves trust-fund records vulnerable to risks.D American I

36、ndians should become increasingly vocal for justice.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While the ripples of Americas subprime-mortgage crisis have spread far and wide, Latin Americaa place long associated with financial disasterhas remained improbably calm. Banks have reported no unpleasant su

37、rprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the worlds fastest-growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than

38、 most of its neighbors again this year. Quite simply, it barely has any credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, fro

39、m 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13% ; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36.5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis. Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for busine

40、ss. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record

41、commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit. But such a lucky confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005 ,.inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was

42、starting to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes in farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their ma

43、rgins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow. So, the time is ripe for the countrys financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentinas business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neithe

44、r save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to the taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad. Inflation, fuelled by a public-spen

45、ding binge, state-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer-price index is doctored to keep the official rate below 10%, but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is almost imposs

46、ible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. A Latin America has been greatly influenced by Americas subprime

47、-mortgage crisis B Latin America is suffering a financial disaster C Argentina has suffered a financial crisis at the beginning of this century D Argentinas economy grows faster than any other countries economy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Argentinas economy began its recovery in 2002. According to the text,

48、 which of the following is not the reason? A Low wages. B Low unemployment. C Low value of currency. D Low commodities prices of exports.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3). According to the author, Argentinas financial recovery has been blocked because_. A companies never pay the tax B the banks cannot offer enough financial help C they do not have enough foreign investment D companies increased caution for the crisis（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).There is no reliable index of inflation, because_. A the currency is cheap B there are different ways to get the index C th