【考研类试卷】考研英语(阅读)-试卷420及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)-试卷 420 及答案解析(总分:60.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:10,分数:60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The quest for wisdom is as old as Socrates, but its also an up-to-the-
2、minute economic indicator. A contrarian one: when things are going well, you dont have to go searching for wisdom. It streams nonstop over CNBC, its avatars sit atop, the Forbes list of billionaires and each day it proves again the eternal truths of the free market. Then in due course things go to h
3、ell; the elites humbly confess their ignorance to Congress or a grand jury, and the search for new patterns begins. Tellingly, scholars date the modem scientific study of wisdom to the work of the American psychologist Vivian Clayton in the malaise-ridden 1970s. Clayton devised the first empirical t
4、ests for wisdom, which she defined as the ability to acquire knowledge and analyze it both logically and emotionally-picking up on the work begun by Socrates. So its no coincidence that several dozen researchers in fields ranging from neuroscience to art, music and law have just received wisdom-seek
5、ing grants under the auspices of the University of Chicago. The $2.7 million program, funded by the Templeton Foundation, is called Defining Wisdom, a name that implies the researchers will know what they were looking for once they find it. Wisdom, according to Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts Universit
6、y, the author of several books on the topic, is still an obscure field with minimal academic cachet. With so much at stake, the programs directors, psychologists John Cacioppo and Howard Nusbaum, dismissed the traditional approach to wisdom research; rather they cast their nets wide and deep into th
7、e pools of academy. The 38 proposals they approved include ones aimed at finding wisdom in computer operations and in classical literature. Starting at the beginning, one scholar observes that “language is the medium by which wisdom-related knowledge is usually conveyed.“ That sounds self-evident, b
8、ut another scientist proposes to “explore music as a form of wisdom.“ “We are trying to think out of the box,“ says Nusbaum. Cacioppo and Nusbaum dismiss arguments about the inherent circularity of searching for wisdom at the same time as defining it. But they have some preconceptions about what the
9、y expect to find. They see “wisdom“ in part as a corrective to the “rational choice“ pattern of decision making, the foundation of free-market economics. Rational choice holds that everyones happiness is best served when people maximize their short-term individual gains, even at the expense of the b
10、road interests of society or the long-term future. That is precisely opposite the approach of, for example, ants, which are entirely indifferent to their individual fates and dont, as a rule, over-expand out of reckless greed.(分数:10.00)(1).#NAME?(分数:2.00)A.The quest for wisdom is an old-fashioned ec
11、onomic indicator.B.When things proceed smoothly, people dont need to go searching for wisdom.C.Billionaires listed on the Forbes are demonstrating the profits of free market.D.In the long run, all the wealthiest individuals will confess their ignorance.(2).Which of the following is true of Vivian Cl
12、ayton?(分数:2.00)A.Scholars considered her work as the start of modern scientific study of wisdom.B.She was one of the greatest American psychologists born in the 1970s.C.She designed empirical tests for wisdom without defining its concept.D.She achieved more in the work of questing for wisdom than So
13、crates.(3).Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University suggests that(分数:2.00)A.defining wisdom requires joint efforts of different fields.B.research on wisdom still lacks academic achievements.C.wisdom can only be explained with interdisciplinary supports.D.researchers have to rely on grants for scienti
14、fic study.(4).The sentence “We are trying to think out of the box“(lines 6-7, Paragraph 4)suggests that(分数:2.00)A.they will try to find wisdom out of the box.B.they will probe deep into the pools of academy.C.they will break away from the conventions.D.they will pursue their traditional approach.(5)
15、.According to the text, “rational choice“ holds that(分数:2.00)A.decision making is not linked with wisdom in a sense.B.happiness relies on short-term individual gains.C.individual happiness harms the broad interests of society.D.individual fates change with reckless greed.Apart from a new football st
16、adium and some smart university buildings, most of Middlesbrough looks as though it came to a dead halt in the 1980s. It boomed on steel and chemicals after iron ore was discovered in 1850. Just over a century later, as Britains traditional industries failed, it seemed to have reached the end of the
17、 road. Now government leaders hope that splendor and glamour can revive it. The most startling sign of this improbable ambition is an expensive art gallery. The 19.2 million Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art(MIMA)houses the local councils collection of modern British paintings and ceramics. It o
18、pens on January 28th with works on loan for the occasion by artists rarely seen in the regionPicasso, Matisse, Jackson Pollockalongside pictures by contemporary names such as Chris Ofili and Damien Hirst. The glass-fronted modernist gallery, by Dutch architect Erick van Egeraat, sits on once-ruined
19、land opposite the Victorian town hall and 1960s council buildings. The landscaped space in between has become a vast new square. “Middlesbrough lost its heart years ago,“ says Ray Mallon, the towns frank elected mayor. “Now we have created a new heart.“ Locals are dubious. It looks nice, but they ca
20、nt see many people going to it; those who want culture go to Newcastle. Mr. Mallon is not worried by such comments. He says MIMA will lure some of the 7 million people who live within an hour and a halfs drive from the town, and persuade them to spend money there. With 5% of the towns 137,600 reside
21、nts claiming unemploymenttwice the national averageand business registrations at half the national rate, outside money is needed. Using art for regeneration is a well-tried process, especially in northern England. Liverpools Tate North gallery and Salfords Lowry Centre succeed because they are part
22、of bigger attractions and in big cities. But Gatesheads Baltic Mills art gallery and Sunderlands National Glass Centre have struggled to draw visitors, and both have needed extra subsidies. Godfrey Worsdale, MIMAs director, reckons he will achieve his aim of 110,000 visitors a year. Galleries that r
23、un into trouble, he says, tend to have single themes with niche appeal Still, since 96% of MIMAs cost has come from public funds and as two-thirds of the 1 million running cost will fall on local taxpayers, the council is taking a risk. “It is not going to be profitable,“ says Mr. Mallon bravely. “W
24、hat it can do is make the town profitable.“(分数:10.00)(1).According to the first two paragraphs, the “improbable ambition“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)is(分数:2.00)A.to make Middlesbrough boom on steel and chemicals again.B.to revive the traditional industries in Middlesbrough.C.to revive Middlesbrough with gl
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