【考研类试卷】考研英语215及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语 215 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be f

2、elt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centur

3、ies to 7 . When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading

4、some 12 things are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we ne

5、ed today are not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ag

6、es 20 fresh, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：1.00）(1).There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A boo

7、k is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7 .

8、 When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 th

9、ings are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we need today a

10、re not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fres

11、h, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：0.05）A.informB.promiseC.enableD.assureA.ofB.forC.toD.withA.disturbedB.disguisedC.intervenedD.interruptedA.dreadfulB.respectfulC.harmfulD.faithfulA.goB.comeC.passD.emergA.bigB.endC.lateD.lastA.suchB.muchC.mostD.thisA.symbolsB.signsC.marksD.trailsA.confiningB.dem

12、andingC.takingD.pushingA.extraordinaryB.exceptionalC.excessiveD.extravagantA.showB.appearC.proveD.indicateA.throughB.withC.amongD.fromA.subjectB.issueC.matterD.mageA.focusB.conferringC.imposingD.installingA.pagesB.coversC.linesD.wordsA.positionB.situationC.statusD.dilemmaA.disposedB.discernedC.disch

13、argedD.dispersedA.polishingB.regulatingC.furnishingD.forwardingA.fromB.withC.overD.forA.unreasonablyB.unprofitablyC.unwillinglyD.uncritically二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its implic

14、ations in life, and 3) support your view with examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its implications in life, and 3) support your view wit

15、h examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) *（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage ,as well as listen to it. And of cour

16、se in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport ,comedy ,drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for

17、 an annual licenee fee of 83 per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 yearsyet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the sub

18、ject of a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewersto say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquir

19、y is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporationof whom there are manyare fond of quoting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix it. “The BBC “ aint broke“ ,they say, by which the

20、y mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke ,meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channelsITV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act

21、 to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channelsfunded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptionswhich will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. （分数：1.00）(1).The world famous

22、 BBC now faces_.（分数：0.25）A.the problem of news coverageB.an uncertain prospectC.inquiries by the general publicD.shrinkage of audience(2). In the passage ,which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?（分数：0.25）A.Extension of its TV service to Far East.B.Programmes as the sub

23、ject of a nation-wide debate.C.Potentials for further international co-operations.D.Its existence as a broadcasting organization.(3). The BBCs “royal charter“ ( line 4, paragraph 4) stands for_.（分数：0.25）A.the financial support from the royal familyB.the privileges granted by the QueenC.a contract wi

24、th the QueenD.a unique relationship with the royal family(4).The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than_.（分数：0.25）A.the emergence of commercial TV channelsB.the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the governmentC.the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobsD.the challeng

25、e of new satellite channelsEmerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. This developmentand its strong implications for US politics and economy in years aheadhas en

26、throned the South as Americas most densely populate region for the first time in the history of the nations head counting. Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million peoplenumerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 1

27、1.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years. Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War , and the pattern still prevails. Three sun-belt statesFlorida, Texas and Californiatogether had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a

28、 decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10thwith Cleveland and Washington D. C. , dropping out of the top 10. Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played

29、 a role, tooand so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom“ generation reached its child-bearing years. Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with mor

30、e jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances: Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reproved the most rapid growth rate37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population. Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Excep

31、t for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western state with 7.5 million peopleabout 9 per square mile. The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more-bearable climates. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for

32、spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state. In that decade ,however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they choseand still are choosingsomewhat colder climates

33、 such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. As a result, Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percentlittle more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western state

34、s. （分数：1.00）(1).Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s _.（分数：0.25）A.enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in historyB.witnessed a southwestern shift of populationC.underwent and unparalleled period of population growthD.brought to

35、a standstill its pattern of migration since World War (2).The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that _.（分数：0.25）A.it stresses the climatic on population distributionB.it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrantsC.it reveals the Americans

36、new pursuit of spacious livingD.it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterdays “baby boom“(3).We can see from the available statistics that _.（分数：0.25）A.California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole USB.the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the WestC.c

37、ities with better climates benefited unanimously from migrationD.Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population(4). The word “demographers“ (Line 1, Paragraph 7) most probably means _.（分数：0.25）A.people in favor of the trend of democracyB.advocates of migration between statesC.s

38、cientists engaged in the study of populationD.conservatives clinging to old patterns of lifeThe point of the restorationist critique of preservationism is the claim that it rests on an unhealthy dualism that conceives nature and humankind as radically distinct and opposed to each other. Dissatisfact

39、ion with dualism has for some time figured prominently in the unhappiness of environmentalists with mainstream industrial society. However, the writings of the restorationists themselvesparticularly, William Jordan and Frederick Turneroffer little evidence to support this accusation. In their view,

40、preservationists are filled with the same basic mind-set as the industrial mainstream, the only difference being that the latter ranks humans over nature while the former elevates nature over humans. While it is perhaps puzzling that Jordan and Turner do not see that there is no logic that requires

41、dualism as a philosophical basis for preservation, more puzzling is the sharpness and ruthlessness of their attack on preservationists, reinforced by the fact that they offer little, if any, criticism of those who have robbed the natural world. The crucial question, however, about the restorationist

42、 outlook has to do with the degree to which the restorationist program is itself faithful to the first principle of restoration: that nature and humanity are fundamentally united rather than separate. Rejecting the old domination model, which sees humans as over nature, restoration theory supports a

43、 model of community participation. Yet some of the descriptions that Jordan and Turner give of what restorationists are actually up to-for example , Turners description of humans as “the lords of creation“, or Jordans statement that “the fate and well being of the biosphere depend ultimately on us a

44、nd our relationship with it“-are not consistent well with the community-participation model. Another holistic modelnamely, that of nature as an organismmight be more serviceable to the restorationists. As with the community model, the “organic“ model pictures nature as a system of interconnected par

45、ts. A fundamental difference, however, is that in an organism the parts are wholly useful to the life of the organism. If we could think of the biosphere as a single living organism and could identify humans with the brain (or the DNA), or control center, we would have a model that more closely fits

46、 the restorationists view. However, to consider humans as the control center of the living earth is to attribute to them a dominating role in nature. Is this significantly different from the old-fashioned domination model? In both systems humans hold the place of highest authority and power in the w

47、orld. Also neither view recognizes any limits to the scope and range of reasonable human manipulation in the world. This does not mean that there are no restrictions, only beneficial manipulation should be undertaken. But it does not mean that nothing is off-limits. A further parallel is that, becau

48、se the fate of the world rests on humans, they must have a clear idea of what needs to be done. There are also important differences between the two theories. For example, restorationists no longer view the world in the old dominationist way as a passive object. And though both assign to humans a co

49、ntrolling role in the world, dominationists conceive this in terms of conquest while restorationists conceive it in terms of healing. Also, restorationists insist that the ideas which must serve to guide our work in the world are drawn not solely from a consideration of human needs and purposes but from an