【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷21及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 21 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly

2、 transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own (1)_ and cure. Culture shock is (2)_ by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one (3)_ in which we orient ourselves to the (4)_ of daily life

3、: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to (5)_ purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statement seriously and when not. These cues, (6)_ may be words, gestures, facial (7)_ customs, or norms, are (8)_ by all of us in

4、the course of growing up and are as much a (9)_ of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us (10)_ for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, (11)_ of which we do not carry on the (12)_ of conscious awareness. Now when an individual (13)_ a str

5、ange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or (14)_ of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been (15)_ under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and (16)_. People react to the frustration in much the (1

6、7)_ way. First they reject the environment which causes the (18)_. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.“ When foreigners in a strange land get together to (19)_ about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are (20)_ from culture shock.（分数：40.00）A.signif

7、icanceB.symptomsC.diseasesD.symbolsA.expectedB.predictedC.acceleratedD.anticipatedA.plansB.methodsC.directionsD.waysA.situationB.communicationC.stateD.associationA.doB.makeC.completeD.finishA.whichB.thatC.whenD.whatA.expressionB.featureC.muscleD.characteristicA.learnedB.acquiredC.acknowledgedD.recei

8、vedA.kindB.groupC.partD.typeA.dependB.accountC.lookD.considerA.muchB.noneC.allD.mostA.horizonB.degreeC.levelD.latitudeA.exposesB.entersC.receivesD.acceptsA.freeB.manyC.lackD.fullA.knocked downB.knocked againstC.knocked fromD.knocked outA.troubleB.nuisanceC.worryD.anxietyA.finiteB.strangeC.sameD.fami

9、liarA.differenceB.disagreementC.difficultyD.discomfortA.complainB.satirizeC.criticizeD.despiseA.sufferingB.resultingC.undertakingD.talking二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text

10、by choosing A, B, C or D._Optimation Ltd., a polymer packaging and converting specialist, is one small company that is suffering. Its highly specialised engineering work is in great demand but a lack of qualified staff has hindered growth. “We have a number of potential clients awaiting a visit to d

11、iscuss new projects, but we are tied up on existing orders because we are short of the necessary skills on the shop floor,“ Helen Mitchell, the company“s founder, says. And according to Alice Teague, the education and training officer at the Federation of Small Businesses, Ms. Mitchell“s experience

12、is not unique. Many small businesses suffer skill shortagesparticularly those at the technical craft level such as engineering and construction companies. “Small companies tend to be more vulnerable to skill shortages because they are unable to offer the same pay or benefits as larger companies so t

13、hey struggle in the recruitment market.“ This is borne out by the experiences of Optimation. “Last year, we lost one of our best engineers to a rival company who offered him a better package. Being able to afford the salaries such skills demand is difficult for us,“ Ms. Mitchell says. The government

14、-funded Learning and Skills Council (LSC) says that apprenticeships offer a solution to the skill shortage problem. “By addressing skills gaps directly apprenticeships can make businesses, small or large, more productive and competitive,“ Stephen Gardner, the LSC“s director of worked based learning,

15、 says. “Apprenticeships allow businesses to develop the specialist skills they need for the latest technology and working practices in their sector.“ There are 160 different apprenticeships available across 80 different industry sectors. They are open to businesses of all sizes and offer work-based

16、training programmes for 16 to 24-year-olds. The training is run in conjunction with the Sector Skills Council to ensure industry specific skills are taught. Businesses are responsible for the wages of apprentices but the LSC contributes between 1,500 and 10,000 towards the cost of the training, depe

17、nding on the industry sector. Slack Parr Ltd., a manufacturer of precision equipment for the aerospace industry, is one small company that has benefited from the scheme. More than 50 percent of the Kegworth-based company“s employees started as apprentices. “We opened an on-site training centre to en

18、sure apprentices benefited from the highest quality of training,“ Richard Hallsworth, the managing director, says. “Sixteen of our former apprentices are now in management positions. The scheme works for us because it helps keep costly external recruitment to a minimum.“ But Ms. Teague of the FSB wa

19、rns that apprenticeships might not suit all small businesses. The apprenticeship scheme offers valuable vocational training but often small companies don“t have sufficient time or resources to devote to the apprentice. In the past there has also been a problem of poor quality candidates and low comp

20、letion rates. “But some of these problems are being addressed. I know the Learning and Skills Council is looking at how small businesses might be able to share apprentices and so lessen the risk. Completion rates also seem to be improving so the scheme is certainly worth investigating.“（分数：10.00）(1)

21、.We can learn from the text that（分数：2.00）A.there are enough highly specialised engineers in small companies.B.the most serious situation small companies confront now is the lack of new projects.C.not a small company is short of skillful staff.D.larger companies also face the same problem of skill sh

22、ortages as smaller ones.(2).The experiences of Optimation indicate that（分数：2.00）A.only the engineering and construction companies may have the problem of skill deficiency.B.some larger companies always take unjust measures to compete with smaller ones.C.without skillful engineers, small companies st

23、ill have the ability to enlarge their scales.D.small companies are in extreme need of technical personnel with excellent skills.(3).Apprenticeships can bring many benefits to small companies EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.making any kind of companies to be more competitive.B.saving the wages paid to those employe

24、es as apprentices.C.enabling the specialists in companies to develop their skills.D.keeping the expensive external recruitment to a minimum.(4).From the last three paragraphs, the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.small companies may always have no sufficient time and money to put into the scheme.B.all

25、the candidates studying in the scheme can be qualified and skillful finally.C.the apprenticeship scheme is still very valuable despite some small imperfectionsD.all the businesses need to adopt the apprentices to improve their achievements.(5).The text is chiefly concerned with（分数：2.00）A.reminding t

26、he small companies to fill the skills gap.B.analyzing the present difficult situation that small companies are in.C.showing the priority of larger companies in the market.D.suggesting the reasons that small companies are suffering.The government“s chief prosecutor has launched an outspoken attack on

27、 plans by David Blunkett, the home secretary, to try terrorists without juries and in secret. Ken Macdonald QC, the director of public prosecutions, says in an article in today“s Sunday Times that plans for trials without juries of some terror suspects would undermine public faith in the criminal ju

28、stice system. In his attack on proposals expected in Blunkett“s forthcoming draft terrorism bill to limit the right to jury trial for Al-Qaeda and other Islamic terror suspects, Macdonald says: “To be effective against.terrorism, we need to call on legislation that is clear, flexible and proportiona

29、te to the threat.“ Nobody wants to throw out the baby with the bath water; we do not want to fight terrorism by destroying precisely those things terrorism is trying to take away from us. “Open, liberal democracies fail if they try to protect themselves by becoming illiberal, closed and repressive.“

30、 Macdonal says he favours proposals by ministers to allow telephone-tapping evidence from MI5 and police to be used in open court. He also believes that “minor players“ in terrorist plots should be offered some immunity from prosecution in return for information. But he emphasizes: “Changes to the c

31、riminal trial process have to be approached with great caution and a clear head.“ Macdonald, who as head of the Crown Prosecution Service, has overall responsibility for charging and prosecuting all terrorist suspects in England and Wales, says that some basic rights “cannot be negotiated away in a

32、free and democratic society“. So criminal trials must remain routinely open and take place before independent and impartial tribunals. In Britain people have great affection for trial by jury. Public faith in public justice will not survive abandonment of these fundamental principles. Macdonald wait

33、ed to launch his broadside until after last week“s Queen“s speech, when the Home Office said draconian new counter-terrorism measures would be contained in a draft bill, expected to be published in the new year. The bill would allow for anti-terror courts without juries, which are expected to hear e

34、vidence in secret before special security-cleared judges. Macdonald“s strong comments amount to the clearest signal yet that Blunkett will face a fierce battle not just in parliament but in Whitehall over the plans. Other senior legal figures including Lord Woolf, the lord chief justice, have previo

35、usly criticised government plans to limit trial by jury in ordinary criminal trials. However, Macdonald is the first to come out against the new proposals to limit the right to a jury trial in terrorism cases.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying that “Nobody wants to throw out the baby with the bath water“(Line

36、1, Paragraph 3), the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.no terrorists can be caught if the legislation is unclear.B.secret trials would destroy both public faith and terrorists.C.nobody wants to offer “minor players“ some immunity.D.we should not try terrorists in secret.(2).If the bill for secret terror

37、 trials is passed, it may be carried out in（分数：2.00）A.America.B.Britain.C.China.D.Japan.(3).We can infer from the text that（分数：2.00）A.terrorists will be sentenced to death if the hill is carried out.B.Macdonald opposed to changes in criminal trial process.C.there are “minor players“ offered some imm

38、unity from prosecution in return for information.D.some basic rights should be left to the terrorists.(4).Macdonald began his attack on plans for secret terror trials（分数：2.00）A.when he found the bill illegal.B.after Queen“s speech last week.C.right after the bill was published.D.after Lord Woolf cri

39、ticised government plans.(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is to（分数：2.00）A.back up Macdonald.B.introduce the argument about the plan for secret terror trials.C.criticise the bill because of the indifference to the terrorist“s basic rights.D.argue for the independence of jury trials.R

40、oger Michell describes his potent new film as “a thriller about love“. Adapted from Ian McEwan“s novel, Enduring Love, stars Daniel Craig as Joe, a peevish and splendidly irritating social anthropologist, and Rhys Ifans as the scruffy, puppy-like God bothered who, after an accident with a hot-air ba

41、lloon, becomes obsessed with him. “As soon as Rhys“ character says, “Let“s sit down and pray“,“ chuckles the director, “you know there“s bad news ahead. In the book he is a more happy-clappy evangelist, but we toned it down.“ Although clearly drawn to such eccentric characters, Michell himself is th

42、oroughly down-to-earth. “I“m one of those boring people who knew what I wanted to do from an early age,“ he explains. “I started acting as a child but was completely hopeless so started directing little plays in school.“ He went on to direct around 15 plays while reading English at Cambridge, direct

43、ed his first professional play in a pub in Brighton, and then assisted both John Osborne and Samuel Beekett at the Royal Court Theatre. By 1985 he was the resident director of the Royal Shakespeare Company but moved to TV in the early 1990s, when he took charge of Hanif Kureishi“s landmark series Th

44、e Buddha of Suburbia. Michell“s television career continued to flourish with a gloriously restrained dramatisation of Jane Austen“s Persuasion and an adaptation of his Royal Court success, My Night With Reg. That led to his big break. “The script for Notting Hill just plopped through my letterbox on

45、e morning; My Night With Reg had apparently prompted them to offer me the job.“ Notting Hill alerted Hollywood to Michell“s ability to get the best out of a cast. “I love actors and spend a lot of time with them working and hanging out, and I do proper rehearsals because I have a theatre background.

46、“ Michell“s next project, Changing Lanes, produced Ben Affleck“s best performance and played big at the American box of flee. With Hollywood at his feet, Michell surprised many people by returning to London to make The Mother, an explicit twist on May-December sexual relations written by his old fri

47、end Kureishi, and starring Craig. Why did he do it? “I just couldn“t see a cigar-chomping studio executive saying, “Yes, I want to do a film about an old woman being tupped by a very young man!“ So I came here to do it. But, apart from that, I“m English. I want to live in London with my kids and tel

48、l European stories. I feel odd about America at the moment because of what they“re doing around the world and would much prefer to make the films I want to make here.“ Wherever he goes, though, his most famous film will continue to haunt him. “By the director of Notting Hill“, screams the poster for Enduring Love. How does that feel? “I can“t be responsible for the posters, but I“m sure a lot of the audience will be a bit taken aback,“ reflects Michell. “They“ll be asking: “Where are the jokes? Where“s Hugh Grant?“ I do hope they“re not too d