【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷218及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 218及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Most of us would like to be both (1)_ and creative. Why was Thomas Edison able to inve

2、nt so many things? Was he simply more intelligent than most people? Did he spend long hours toiling away in private? Surprisingly, when Edison was a young boy, his teacher told him he was too (2)_ to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3)_ when they were young include Wal

3、t Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4)_ was terrible. Disney, Edison and Caruso were intelligent and creative men; (5)_, experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creati

4、vity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6)_ out unique solutions to problems. When creative people are asked what enables them to solve problems in new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7)_ unrelated elements plays a key rol

5、e. They also say that they have the time and independence in a(an) (8)_ setting to (9)_ a wide range of possible solutions to a problem. How strongly is creativity (10)_ to intelligence? (11)_ most creative people are quite intelligent, the (12)_ is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent peop

6、le (13)_ measured by IQ tests) are not very creative. Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most experts agree, (14)_, that the concept of creativity as (15)_ bubbling up from a magical (

7、16)_ is a myth. Momentary (17)_ of insight, (18)_ by images, make up a (19)_ part of the creative “process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and experience that (20)_ an individual“s effort, often over the course of a lifetime.（分数：40.00）A.imaginativeB.brilliantC.inventiveD.originalA.

8、clumsyB.awkwardC.dumbD.untutoredA.despisedB.hiddenC.distortedD.unnoticedA.accentB.toneC.soundD.voiceA.althoughB.neverthelessC.soD.wheneverA.rootB.setC.comeD.solveA.seeminglyB.actuallyC.logicallyD.barelyA.enjoyableB.appropriateC.specialD.pleasedA.createB.constructC.composeD.entertainA.relatedB.intera

9、ctedC.basedD.associatedA.ThereatB.ThereofC.WhereasD.WherebyA.inverseB.reverseC.transverseD.diverseA.asB.whichC.whatD.thatA.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.ultimatelyA.spontaneouslyB.intermittentlyC.coincidentallyD.simultaneouslyA.fountainB.wellC.waterfallD.hotspringA.flashesB.flaresC.glaresD.glints

10、A.accompaniedB.showedC.inspiredD.formedA.smallB.importantC.significantD.temporaryA.changeB.adjustC.alterD.shape二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._M

11、ore and more people are starting to work from home, re-assessing their “work-life balance“ and capitalising on what industry calls “remote working“. A recent survey of British companies showed that eight out of ten businesses have now agreed new working arrangements for their personnel. The object o

12、f the exercise was to improve the work-life balance of employees and encourage greater levels of efficiency. During 2003/2004, some 900,000 requests to work flexibly were made under a new Gov-eminent scheme and 800,000 of the applications were granted. Furthermore, seven out of ten businesses said t

13、hat they also would be prepared to consider flexible working requests from other staff who did not qualify under the Government scheme. One of the new technological developments that makes remote working possible is the Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), broadband that can carry both voice

14、 and data at high-speed. Re mote workers can connect to their company“s Virtual Private Network either through Digital Sub scriber Line (DSL) internet, which is permanently connected, or through a Remote Access Service (RAS), which involves having to dial in each time. “People started thinking about

15、 remote working back in the Eighties but the technology was not available to consider it a possibility,“ says Meyrick Vevers, Commercial Director of Telewest Broadband, one of UK“s communication and media groups. “However, now with the increased availability and use of DSL to home users, remote work

16、ing is definitely on the increase. Of course, security is very important and IT directors are understandably cautious. But they are now beginning to feel more comfortable about allowing their staff a higher level of access from home. Telewest Business“s experience in putting together product solutio

17、ns is based on the company“s focus on understanding their customers“ needs. Because customers“ needs are diverse and Telewest Business“s possible solutions are wide-ranging, the company invites businesses seeking further information to visit their web site or call direct. Call centre workers, mobile

18、 staff, such as sales executives and local authority social workers or parents at home, are among those for whom remote working appears to be increasingly attractive. “People in industry in the UK have some of the longest working hours in the world,“ says Vevers. “Doing those hours solely in the off

19、ice is more disruptive to the personal life of the individual than having the flexibility to work from home.“ “Remote working is all about personal choice and giving people more flexibility that suits their personal lives. At Telewest Business, we aim to try and help play a part in enabling companie

20、s to give their employees that flexibility.“（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “capitalising on“(Para. 1) can be substituted by（分数：2.00）A.investing money in.B.specializing in.C.insisting upon.D.making use of.(2).According to the passage, remote working（分数：2.00）A.rids people of the work which is required of th

21、em in the office.B.requires the users to dial into the company“s Virtual Private Network.C.might be available for those not included in the government scheme.D.was brought to people“s minds by advancement of broadwidth tech.(3).IT directors feel comfortable because（分数：2.00）A.safeguards are no longer

22、 really necessary.B.the remote workforce is expanding rapidly.C.they are more confident of their network“s safety.D.their staff get easier access to the internet.(4).The example of Telewest is mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）A.the Business eliminates the unbalance of people“s life.B.it“s hard to plea

23、se people“s various desires.C.the Business is sophisticated in luring customers.D.the diverse demands for remote working are being met.(5).The best title for the passage might be（分数：2.00）A.Remote Working Is In.B.Telecommunication Tech Is Ever Improving.C.Work-Life Balance Needs to Be Kept.D.Technolo

24、gy Makes Remote Working a Reality.Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done dealdue in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward. Now, however, researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has tr

25、iggered. The implicit message: “We can“t stop this, so how do we live with it?“ says Thomas Wigley, a climate researcher at NCAR. One group, led by Gerald Meehl at NCAR, used two state-of-the-art climate models to explore what could happen if the world had held atmospheric concentrations of greenhou

26、se gases steady since 2000. The results: Even if the world had slammed on the brakes five years ago, global average temperatures would rise by about 1 degree Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century. Sea levels would rise by another 4 inches over 20th-century increases. Rising sea-levels would cont

27、inue well beyond 2100, even without adding water from melting glaciers and ice sheets. The rise highlights the oceans“ enormous capacity to absorb heat and its slow reaction to changes in atmospheric conditions. The team ran each model several times with a range of “what if“ concentrations, as well

28、as ob served concentrations, for comparison. Temperatures eventually level out, Dr. Meehl says in reviewing his team“s results. “But sea-level increases keep ongoing. The relentless nature of sea-level rise is pretty daunting.“ Dr. Wigley took a slightly different approach with a simpler model. He r

29、an simulations that capped concentrations, at 2000 levels. If concentrations are held constant, warming could exceed 1.8 degrees F. by 2400. The two researchers add that far from holding steady, concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise. Thus, at best, the results point to the least change

30、 people can expect, they say. The idea that some level of global climate change from human activities is inevitable is not new. But the word has been slow to make its way into the broader debate. “Many people don“t realize we are committed right now to a significant amount of global warming and sea-

31、level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future,“ Meehl says. While the concept of climate-change commitment isn“t new, these fresh results “tell us what“s possible and what“s realistic“ and that for the immediate future, “prevention is not on the table,“ sa

32、ys Roger Pielke Jr., director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research. To Pielke and others, this means adaptation should be given a much higher priority that it“s received to date. “There“s a cultural bias in favor of prevention,“ he says. But any sound policy includes preparation

33、as well, he adds. “We have the scientific and technological knowledge we need to improve adaptation and apply that knowledge globally.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the research of NCAR, if the concentrations were held steady at 2000 levels,（分数：2.00）A.the ocean“s capacity to absorb heat would decline.B

34、.the sea-level would keep on increasing.C.the global average temperature would decrease.D.significant climate change would not take place.(2).Global warming is something（分数：2.00）A.getting worse because of a culture bias.B.caused by the rise of the sea level.C.people have to live with.D.we don“t need

35、 to worry about in the future.(3).By “at best, the results point to the least change people can expect“,(Paragraph 3) the researchers try to tell us that（分数：2.00）A.the impact of climate change is relatively minor.B.the global warming is inevitable in the near future.C.concentrations of greenhouse ga

36、ses cannot beheld steady.D.the atmospheric conditions will be better than people think.(4).The views of Pielke and Dr. Wigley on how to face global warming are（分数：2.00）A.unrelated.B.similar.C.complementary.D.opposite.(5).The author writes this passage to（分数：2.00）A.call on people to prevent global wa

37、rming.B.present the results from two research models.C.appeal to people to take adaptation as priority.D.forecast the future trends of global warming.Tom Burke recently tried to print out a boarding pass from home before one of the frequent/lights he takes. He couldn“t. His name, or one similar to i

38、t, is now on one of the Transportation Security Administration“s terrorist watch lists. Every day, thousands of people like Burke find themselves unable o do things like print a boarding pass and are pulled aside for extensive screening because their name, or a name that sounds like theirs, is on on

39、e of the watch lists. From the TSA“s perspective, the screening is just one of the many new layers of increased security that are designed to prevent terrorist activity. The inconvenience is regrettable, but a price that society has to pay for security. And for national security reasons, the FBI and

40、 other government agencies responsible for supplying names to the lists will not disclose the criteria they use. They say that would amount to tipping their hands to the terrorists. But civil libertarians are more concerned about the long-term consequence of the current lists. On Sept. 11, 2001, the

41、 no-fly list contained 16 names. Now, the combined lists are estimated to have as many as 20,000. Internal FBI memos from agents referred to the process as “really confused“ and “not comprehensive and not centralized.“ Burke and others contend that such comments axe disturbing, because it was during

42、 the first year after the attacks that the watch lists grew exponentially. “The underlying danger is not that Tom. Burke can no longer get a boarding pass to get on an air line,“ says a lawyer. “It“s that the Tom Burkes in the world may forever more be associated (with the terrorist watch list).“ Bu

43、rke says they do know that the lists axe frequently updated and distributed internationally, but they don“t know how the old lists are destroyed. They also hope to ensure that sometime in the future a person whose name is on the list, but is not a terrorist, does not run into further trouble if, say

44、, law enforcement in another country that they“re visiting comes across their name on one of the old lists. In addition, airlines are concerned that the lists are not updated frequently enough. “We“ve been encouraging the TSA to work with all of the other federal law-enforcement agencies to get a re

45、gular re view of the names that they submit to TSA, because there have been reports that these agencies have said that if there was a review, many of the names could be removed,“ says Diana Cronin of the Air Transport Association.（分数：10.00）(1).The number of names on the no-fly list increases rapidly

46、 from 16 to 20,000 most probably because（分数：2.00）A.terrorist attacks are launched frequently.B.many people“s names are similar to known terrorists.C.the screening system is not effective enough.D.terrorists are not accurately identified after 9.11.(2).In the eyes of the TSA, the current system is（分数

47、：2.00）A.inconvenient and pointless.B.reasonable but imperfect.C.effective and praiseworthy.D.necessary but impractical.(3).The attitudes of FBI and Burke towards the reliability of the no-fly list are（分数：2.00）A.similar.B.opposite.C.confusing.D.ambiguous.(4).According to paragraph 4, Burke“s great co

48、ncern about the current system is that（分数：2.00）A.the system fails to update internationally.B.he is often mistaken for a terrorist.C.the damage done by the list cannot be quickly corrected.D.getting his boarding pass will often take more time.(5).The airlines may be satisfied if the TSA can（分数：2.00）A.distribute the no-fly lists before a flight.B.revise the terrorist watch lists more often.C.prevent terrorists from boarding airplanes.D.abolish the current terrorist screening system.People, like most animals, are naturally lazy. So the ascent of m