【考研类试卷】考研英语-821及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-821 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technologys unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are (1) use around the world, and when asked, their (2) say they lo

2、ve their phones for the safety and convenience (3) provide. People also report that they are (4) in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5) that “98 percent of Americans say they move away from (6) when talking on a wireless phone in public“ (7) “86 percent say they never or rarely speak (

3、8) wireless phones“ when conducting (9) with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10) between our reported cellphone behavior and our actual behavior.Cellphone users that is to say, most of us are (11) instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12) a cumu

4、latively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gotfman observed in another (13) , there is something deeply disturbing about people who are“ (14) contact“ in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to (15) to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cell

5、phone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16) unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17) . a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners dont always passively (18) this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-spr

6、ayed in movie theaters, (19) from concert halls and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20) behavior on their cellphones.（分数：10.00）A.ofB.forC.inD.byA.mastersB.ownersC.holdersD.inventorsA.theyB.whoC.thatD.whichA.carefulB.carelessC.courteousD.cautiousA.expressedB.exposedC.discoveredD.foundA.

7、otherB.othersC.the otherD.anotherA.and thatB.as forC.whereasD.on the contraryA.onB.byC.viaD.fromA.actsB.actionsC.operationsD.transactionsA.limitB.gulfC.riverD.boundaryA.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.allA.hasB.hadC.has hadD.had hadA.placeB.locationC.spotD.contextA.inB.out ofC.onD.withA.insistB.adhereC.conti

8、nueD.attachA.andB.inC.intoD.fromA.spaceB.phoneC.serviceD.facilityA.haveB.findC.receiveD.acceptA.refusedB.ejectedC.rejectedD.repelledA.goodB.poorC.politeD.rude二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Prices are sky-high, with profits to match. But looking furt

9、her ahead, the industry faces wrenching change, says an expert of energy.“The time when we could count on cheap oil and even cheaper natural gas is clearly ending. “That was the gloomy forecast delivered in February by Dave OReilly, the chairman of Chevron Texaco, to hundreds of oilmen gathered for

10、a conference in Houston. The following month, Venezuelas President Hugo Chavez gleefully echoed the sentiment: “The world should forget about cheap oil.“The surge in oil prices, from 10 a barrel in 1998 to above 50 in early 2005,has prompted talk of a new era of sustained higher prices. But whenever

11、 a “new era“ in oil is hailed, scepticism is in order. After all, this is essentially a cyclical business in which prices habitually yo-yo. Even so, an unusually loud chorus is now joining Messrs OReilly and Chavez, pointing to intriguing evidence of a new “price floor“ of 30 or perhaps even 40. Con

12、fusingly, though, there are also signs that high oil prices may be caused by a speculative bubble that could burst quite suddenly. To see which camp is right, two questions need answering: why did the oil price soar? And what could keep it high?To make matters more complicated, there is in fact no s

13、uch thing as a single “oil price“: rather, there are dozens of varieties of crude trading at different prices. When newspapers write about oil prices, they usually mean one of two reference crudes: Brent from the North Sea, or West Texas Intermediate (WTI) . But when ministers from the Organisation

14、of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) discuss prices, they usually refer to a basket of heavier cartel crudes, which trade at a discount to WTI and Brent. All oil prices mentioned in this survey are per barrel of WTIThe recent volatility in prices is only one of several challenges facing the o

15、il industry. Although at first sight Big Oil seems to be in rude health, posting record profits, this survey will argue that the western oil majors will have their work cut out to cope with the rise of resource nationalism, which threatens to choke off access to new oil reserves. This is essential t

16、o replace their existing reserves, which are rapidly declining. They will also have to respond to efforts by governments to deal with oils serious environmental and geopolitical side-effects. Together, these challenges could yet wipe out the oil majors.（分数：10.00）(1).Dave OReilly and Hugo Chavez be h

17、ave that_.（分数：2.00）A.prices of oil and natural gas are very highB.prices of oil and natural gas will not go downC.oil and natural gas will keep sustained high pricesD.the world has forgotten about cheap oil(2).Judging from Paragraph 3, we may infer that oil prices will_.（分数：2.00）A.enter into a “new

18、era“B.reach a new “price floor“C.get to a new highD.be hard to predict(3).According to the passage “West Texas Intermediate“ (Par（分数：2.00）A.4) refers to_.A. an oil industryB. an oil companyC. a government organizationD. a kind of crude oil(4).In the authors opinion, the key to oil price is_.（分数：2.00

19、）A.energy crisisB.dozens of varieties of crude tradingC.several challenges facing the oil industryD.the rise of resource nationalism(5).What is the tone of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Humorous.B.Indifferent.C.Serious.D.Anxious.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columb

20、ias rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different; The fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just. examined separately why 1.3 m sockeye salmon mysterious

21、ly “disappeared“ from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians.In 2004, only about 524, 000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds

22、, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since

23、 1992 have called for the departments reform. In vain: its senior officials are “in denial“ about its failings, said the committee.Mr Williams report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is “rampant and out of control“, with “no-go“ zones where fisheries

24、 officers are told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed.Some First Nations claim an unre

25、stricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canadas constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some. Indians, even that

26、is not enough.Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians.On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two previous re

27、ports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new quota system for fishing licences, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on treaties, including fishing rights, with First Nations. Mr Regan said his department

28、would spend this year consulting “stakeholders“ (natives, commercial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations access to fisheries.（分数：10.00）(1).The “explosive conflict“ in Paragraph 1 refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.salmons return

29、to spawn and its survivalB.the fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and Bryan WilliamsC.the struggle between sockeye salmon and human beingsD.the collision between salmons Survival and human fishery(2).The number of salmon every spring in British Columbias rivers four years earlier is_.（分

30、数：2.00）A.1.3 millionB.about 524, 000C.about 1, 824, 000D.above 2, 000, 000(3).Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decrease of salmon according to Mr Williams?（分数：2.00）A.High water temperatures.B.Shocking twist.C.Illegal fishing.D.Officials failings.(4).Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries

31、 minister is most probably going to_.（分数：2.00）A.responding to two previous reportsB.proposing a new quota system for fishing licencesC.consulting natives, commercial and sport fishermenD.keeping a balance between conservation, enforcement and fisheries(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2

32、.00）A.Where Have the Salmon Gone?B.How to Protect the Salmon?C.Environment and FisheryD.The Survival of Salmon and the Rights of First Nations六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Asias real boat-rocker is a growing China, not Japan, a senior American economist observed.There is so much noise surrounding and eman

33、ating from the worlds miracle economy that it is becoming cacophonous. In Washington, DC, the latest idea is that China is becoming too successful, perhaps even dangerously so: while Capitol Hill resounds with complaints of trade surpluses and currency manipulation, the Pentagon and sundry think-tan

34、ks echo to a new drumbeat of analysts worrying about Chinas 12.6% annum rise in military spending and about whether it might soon have the ability to take pre-emptive military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it. So it may be no coincidence that for three consecutive weekends the streets of big Chin

35、ese cities have been filled with the sounds of demonstrators marching and rocks being thrown, all seeking to send a different message: that Japan is the problem in Asia, not China, because of its wanton failure to face up to its history; and that by cosying up to Japan in security matters, America i

36、s allying with Asias pariah.Deafness is not the only risk from all this noise. The pressure towards protectionism in Washington is strong, and could put in further danger not only trade with China but also the wider climate for trade liberalization in the D0ha round of the World Trade Organisation (

37、WTO) . So far words have been the main weapons used between China and Japan, but there is a chance that nationalism in either or both countries could lead the governments to strike confrontational poses over their territorial disputes in the seas that divide them, even involving their navies. And th

38、e more that nationalist positions become entrenched in both countries but especially China, the more that street protests could become stirred up, perhaps towards more violence.A revaluation of the yuan, as demanded in Congress, would not re-balance trade between America and China, though it might h

39、elp a little, in due course. A “sincere“ apology by Japan for its wartime atrocities might also help a little, but it would not suddenly turn Asias natural great-power rivals into bosom buddies. All these issues are complex ones and, as is often the case in trade and in. historical disputes, finding

40、 solutions is likely to be far from simple.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we may see that Americas attitude towards Chinas success is_.（分数：2.00）A.friendlyB.hostileC.objectiveD.prejudiced(2).Judging from the context, the word “think-tanks“ (Line 5, Par（分数：2.00）A.2 ) probably means_.A. tanks t

41、hat can think as human beingsB. an institute or group organized for interdisciplinary researchC. a group of authoritative peopleD. scholars and professional men(3).What is the reason for the demonstrations in the streets of big Chinese cities?（分数：2.00）A.China takes military action to force Taiwan to

42、 rejoin it,B.Japan is the problem in Asia, not China.C.Japan is unwilling to face up to its history.D.America is allying with Asias paria(4).How will the territorial disputes between China and Japan be settled according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.By words and negotiations.B.With their navies.C.Through

43、 more violence.D.By means beyond his knowledg(5).Whats the authors attitude towards Asian matters?（分数：2.00）A.Extreme.B.Prejudicial.C.Indifferent.D.Neutral.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It has been a wretched few weeks for Americas. celebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from

44、 the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit fir

45、m and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie

46、Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of WorldCom could well spend the rest of his life behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges.In different ways, each of these examples appears to point to the same welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of th

47、e late 1990s, when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been corrected. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales of chief-executive woo is a sis of progress, none provides much evidence that the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over

48、. In fact, each of these cases is an example of failed, not successful, governance.At the very least, the beards of both Morgan Stanley and HP were far too slow to address their bosses inadequacies. The record of the Boeing beard in picking chiefs prone to ethical lapses is too long to be dismissed

49、as mere bad luck. The fall of Messrs Greenberg and Ebbers, meanwhile, highlights the growing role of government-and in particular, of criminal prosecutors in holding bosses to account: a development that is, at best, a mixed blessing. The Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in haste following the Enron and WorldCom scandals, is imposing heavy costs on American companies; whether these are exceeded by any benefits is the subject of fierce debate and may not be known for years.Eliot Spitzer, New Yorks attor