【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷272及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-试卷 272及答案解析(总分：114.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Up until that time, his interest had focused almost_on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.（分数：2.00）A.restrictivelyB.radicallyC.inclusivelyD.exclusively2.The disagreement over trade restrictions could s

2、eriously_relations between the two countries.（分数：2.00）A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate3.As we are on the point of_some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit standing.（分数：2.00）A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting4.A year ago the

3、 firm had a_loss of 4. 3 million dollars or 20 cents a share after all necessary deduction.（分数：2.00）A.totalB.grossC.netD.clear5.The mayor is a woman with great_and therefore deserves our political and financial support.（分数：2.00）A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity6.The English weather defies

4、forecast and hence is a source of interest_ to everyone.（分数：2.00）A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition7.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs_it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.（分数：2.00）A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates8.

5、To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly and be_.（分数：2.00）A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual9.You dont have to install this radio in your new car. Its an_extra.（分数：2.00）A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary10.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didnt_to the tr

6、affic jam of the busy city.（分数：2.00）A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute11.It will take twenty minutes to get to the railway station, _traffic delays.（分数：2.00）A.acknowledgingB.affordingC.allowing forD.accounting for12.Whenever possible, Eve _ how luxurious and comfortable her new house is.（分数：2.00）A.show u

7、pB.show aroundC.show offD.show out13.I couldnt sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was_.（分数：2.00）A.drainingB.show aroundC.show offD.dripping14.All the rooms on the second floor have nicely_carpets, which are included in the price of the house.（分数：2.00）A.adaptedB.equippedC.suitedD.fitted

8、15.Nine is to three_three is to one.（分数：2.00）A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what16.Everyone who has visited the city agreed that it is_with life.（分数：2.00）A.vibrantB.violentC.energeticD.full17.It is suggested that all government ministers should_information to their financial interests.（分数：2.00）A.discoverB.unc

9、overC.tellD.disclose18.I enjoyed myself so much_I visited my parents in the countryside last year.（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where19.When he first started in university, he really felt at_with his majoreconomics.（分数：2.00）A.shoreB.bankC.oceanD.sea20.Barry had an advantage over his mother_he could

10、speak English.（分数：2.00）A.since thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related“ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is【C1】_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the

11、National Academy of Sciences, has【C2】_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted【C3】_1, 932 unique subjects which【C4】_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both samples. While 1% may seem【C5】_, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor o

12、f medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who【C6】_our kin. “ The study【C7】_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity . Why this similarity exists in

13、smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,【C8】_, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more【C9】_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that【C10】_us in choosing genetically similar friends【C11】_“functional Kinship“ of being friends with benefits! One o

14、f the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution faster than other genes studying. This could help【C12】_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30, 000 years, with social environment being a major【C13】_factor. The findings do not simply explain peoples【C14】_to be

15、friend those of similar【C15】_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to see that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.（分数：30.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whyC.howD.what(2).【C2】（分数

16、：2.00）A.defendedB.concludedC.withdrawnD.advised(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.forB.withC.onD.by(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.soughtC.separatedD.connected(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.insignificantB.unexpectedC.unbelievableD.incredible(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.resembleB.influenceC.favorD.surpass(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.againB.alsoC.inst

17、eadD.thus(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.MeanwhileB.FurthermoreC.LikewiseD.Perhaps(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.toC.fromD.like(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.driveB.observeC.confuseD.limit(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.according toB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.along with(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.forecastB.rememberC.understandD.express(13).【C

18、13】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.contributoryC.controllableD.disruptive(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.endeavorB.decisionC.arrangementD.tendency(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.politicalB.religiousC.ethnicD.economic三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many

19、of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently strivi

20、ng for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposi

21、tion is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is no

22、t. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, th

23、is struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eatin

24、g animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of

25、 life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and produce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-

26、like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.disting

27、uish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social

28、 entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ most probably means“_“.（分数：2.00）A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict_.（分数：2.

29、00）A.is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition among individual social entitiesD.can be avoided(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“ .（分数：2.00）A.Why is there conflict and competition?B.Is conflict desi

30、rable?C.Is war inevitable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal(致死的)drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging t

31、reatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries i

32、t out will not be prosecuted. Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“ is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has latel

33、y boiled over into a, sometimes, fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves upholding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive,

34、 the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings. Eu

35、thanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936, when a bill was introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized mercy killing under very tightly supervised conditions. That bill failed, as have three others introduced in the House of Lords since then. Reasons for t

36、he latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. Therefore, lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death. And the euthanasists argue that every human being should have the right to “die with

37、 dignity,“ by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization(住院治疗). Most experts believe that euthanasia will continue to be practiced no matter what the law says.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we can see that in Holland_.（分数：2.00）A.a doctor who pra

38、ctices euthanasia will not be punishedB.euthanasia is regarded as illegalC.euthanasia is very popularD.active euthanasia is still illegal, but people often tolerate an experienced doctor who carries it out(2).What is the comment of the author on the problem of euthanasia?（分数：2.00）A.Euthanasia is not

39、 regarded as a crime in France.B.More and more medical workers like to practice euthanasia, no matter what form it takes.C.The problem of euthanasia is now being debated heatedly and openly.D.There is not much difference between “active“ and “passive“ euthanasia.(3).Which of the following statements

40、 can not be found in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Those opposed euthanasia say that they believe the right to live is sacred.B.Those in favor of euthanasia maintain that they are for humane treatment.C.Recently the advocates of euthanasia have got more support from the public.D.More and more people like t

41、o have the law changed.(4).What do you think is the standpoint of the author on this problem?（分数：2.00）A.He is a fence-sitter.B.He is afraid that the situation may get out of control.C.He is strongly against euthanasia.D.He supports euthanasia whole-heartedly.(5).Which of the following is the most re

42、asonable cause of euthanasia?（分数：2.00）A.People dont like to live too long.B.People dont like to suffer from lasting chronic diseases.C.People dont like to be hospitalized.D.People dont like to become a burden of others.Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and lux

43、uries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in compan

44、y lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical“ Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is

45、his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life“ wil

46、l lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in lifeto joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in

47、 a local cafe? Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is th

48、reatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the pr

49、esent life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is not given as a feature of the old French way of life?（分数：2.00）A.Leisure.B.Elegance.C.Efficiency.D.Taste.(2).Which of the following is NOT related to the new French way of life?（分数：2.00）A.S