【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷271及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-试卷 271 及答案解析(总分：122.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close_.（分数：2.00）A.temperamentB.contaminationC.scrutinyD.symmetry2.To my surprise, the house which looked rather shabby outside was luxuriously and _furnished

2、 inside.（分数：2.00）A.artificiallyB.arrogantlyC.arbitrarilyD.artistically3.The countrys president has appealed for international_in the wake of the disaster.（分数：2.00）A.loanB.allowanceC.provisionD.aid4.Mr. Johnson is still on excellent_with his ex-wife.（分数：2.00）A.relationsB.termsC.friendshipD.connection

3、s5.The chairman of the board_on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.（分数：2.00）A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted6.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with_.（分数：2.00）A.for longB.in and outC.once f

4、or allD.by nature7.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _and lack of unity in style.（分数：2.00）A.conflictB.confrontationC.disturbanceD.disharmony8.The timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it onc

5、e_.（分数：2.00）A.thrivedB.swelledC.prosperedD.flourished9.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to_ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.（分数：2.00）A.overturnB.overtakeC.offsetD.oppress10.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is_.（分数：2.00

6、）A.firmB.companyC.corporationD.enterprise11.All the key words in the article are printed in_ type so as to attract readers attention.（分数：2.00）A.darkB.denseC.blackD.bold12.I didnt_to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.（分数：2.00）A.assumeB.supposeC.meanD.hope13.Our son doesnt know what to_at the uni

7、versity; he cant make up his mind about his future.（分数：2.00）A.take inB.take upC.take overD.take after14.The house was very quiet, _as it was on the side of a mountain.（分数：2.00）A.isolatedB.isolatingC.being isolatedD.having been isolated15.Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of

8、 some hills are still_.（分数：2.00）A.blankB.hollowC.vacantD.bare16.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling_heavy schedules.（分数：2.00）A.with regard toB.as toC.in relation toD.owing to17.In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to_signs

9、 asking his “guests“ not to step on them.（分数：2.00）A.put downB.put outC.put upD.put off18.On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor_which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.（分数：2.00）A.incidentB.eventC.caseD.affair19.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British pub

10、lic through televised_from the United States.（分数：2.00）A.transferB.deliveriesC.transportationD.transmissions20.He always did well at school_having to do part-time jobs every now and then.（分数：2.00）A.in spite ofB.regardless ofC.on account ofD.in case of二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Most people who travel long

11、 distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone【C1】_making mistakes. It is actually caused by【C2】_of your “body clock“ a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological【C3】_. The body clock is designed for a【C4】_rhythm of daylight and

12、darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it【C5】_daylight and darkness at the “wrong“ times in a new time zone. The【C6】_of jetlag often persist for days【C7】_the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is【C8】_that is based on proven【C9】_pioneerin

13、g scientific research. Dr. Martin Mooreede had【C10】_a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone【C11】_controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates【C12】_of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends

14、 on knowing the exact times to either【C13】_or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule【C14】_light exposure depends a great deal on【C15】_travel plans.（分数：30.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.ofC.forD.to(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.eruptionB.disruptio

15、nC.ruptureD.corruption(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.actionsB.functionsC.behaviorD.reflection(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.formalB.continualC.regularD.circular(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.experiencesB.possessesC.encountersD.retains(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.signsB.defectsC.diseasesD.symptoms(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.whereasC.whileD.although(8

16、).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.agreeableB.availableC.adaptableD.approachable(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.extensiveB.tentativeC.broadD.inclusive(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.devisedB.scrutinizedC.visualizedD.recognized(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.inB.asC.atD.through(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.littleC.mostD.least(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.shedB.ret

17、rieveC.seekD.attain(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.inB.forC.onD.with(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.specificB.complicatedC.uniqueD.peculiar三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition(学会)of each new skillthe first spoken words, the first independent st

18、eps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child

19、might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary great

20、ly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the c

21、hilds own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“. If they

22、 are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and th

23、eir morals can be a dangerous disappointment.（分数：10.00）(1).Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills_.（分数：2.00）A.should be avoidedB.is universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things(2).In the process of children

24、s learning new skills parents_.（分数：2.00）A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB.should not expect too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possi

25、ble(3).The second paragraph mainly tells us that_.（分数：2.00）A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD.parents v

26、ary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation(4).The word “precept“(Line 4, Para. 3)probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.ideaB.punishmentC.behaviourD.instruction(5).In moral matters, parents should_.（分数：2.00）A.observe the rules themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference betwe

27、en adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently ensure the security of their childrenA good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from

28、sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight thro

29、ugh, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. Wha

30、t brings this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient(短暂的)value. Fo

31、r all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without m

32、issing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.（分数：10.00）(1).A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its_.（分数：2.00）A.wide coverageB.uniform styleC.speed in reporting newsD.popularity(2).Accordi

33、ng to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the “same“ newspaper is that_.（分数：2.00）A.people scan for the news they are interested inB.different people prefer different newspapersC.people are rarely interested in the same kind of newsD.people have different views about what a good new

34、spaper is(3).It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers_.（分数：2.00）A.apply reading techniques skillfullyB.jump from one newspaper to anotherC.appreciate the variety of a newspaperD.usually read a newspaper selectively(4).A good newspaper offers “a variety“ to readers because_.（分数：2.0

35、0）A.it tries to serve different readersB.it has to cover things that happen in a certain localityC.readers are difficult to pleaseD.readers like to read different newspapers(5).The best title for this passage would be “_“.（分数：2.00）A.The Importance of Newspaper TopicalityB.The Characteristics of a Go

36、od NewspaperC.The Variety of a Good NewspaperD.Some Suggestions on How to Read a NewspaperAmerican society is not nap(午睡)friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. “ Nobody

37、 wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven. “ Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,“ says D

38、r. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt“ which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing indus

39、trial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze(打瞌睡)every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have

40、 “a midafternoon quiet phase“ also called “a secondary sleep gate. “ Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “s

41、nack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.（分数：10.00）(1).It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is_.（分数：2.00）A.unreasonableB.crim

42、inalC.harmfulD.costly(2).The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.dont like to take napsB.are terribly worried about their national debtC.sleep less than is good for themD.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents(3).The purpose of this article is to_.（分数：2

43、.00）A.warn us of the wickedness of nappingB.explain the danger of sleepinessC.discuss the side effects of nappingD.convince the reader of the necessity of napping(4).The “American sleep debt“(Line 1, Para. 3)is the result of_.（分数：2.00）A.the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB.t

44、he new sleep policy of the Clinton AdministrationC.the rapid development of American industryD.the Americans worry about the danger of sleepiness(5).The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is_.（分数：2.00）A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB.good practice to eat s

45、omething light before we go to bedC.essential to make up for lost sleepD.natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for itViolin prodigies, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought

46、up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the worlds greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear,“ he told me. “They were all Jews(犹太人)and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the p

47、rofessional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. “ As a result, every Jewish parents dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in

48、a certain field to nurture(培育)talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. “ says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music

49、 came to Japan after World War II , that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. Thats a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important r