【考研类试卷】考博英语-144及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-144 及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry.（分数：1.00）A.scopeB.magnitudeC.dimensionD.volume2.The speaker went on and on, _ to his listeners obvious bored

2、om.（分数：1.00）A.obligatedB.obsessiveC.obviousD.oblivious3.The day was crisp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and _ the landscape.（分数：1.00）A.hidB.blurredC.relievedD.belittled4.Although the main motivation for a renewed interest in logic was a search for the foundations of mathematics,

3、 the chief protagonists of this effort extended their inquiry into the domain of the natural languages.（分数：1.00）A.explorersB.dedicatorsC.advocatesD.analysts5.Frank Friedel, in creating a biography of the United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt, has had to wrestle with something like 40 tons of

4、 paper.（分数：1.00）A.reckonB.ponderC.tackleD.challenge6.He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes.（分数：1.00）A.attributedB.contributedC.blamedD.applied7.Tile rivers and streams of the Amazon basin teem with life, and the forest canopy resonates with the cries of birds and m

5、onkeys and the whines of insects.（分数：1.00）A.convergesB.echoesC.overwhelmsD.responds8.Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why you see most business People dress formally.（分数：1.00）A.countB.accountC.allowD.care9.Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells explored wi

6、th zest the future possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.（分数：1.00）A.inspirationB.enthusiasmC.fantasyD.endeavour10.Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment.（分数：1.00）A.destructionB.pollutionC.expenseD.mercy11.Those who let unce

7、rtainty _ rarely achieve much.（分数：1.00）A.turn them downB.send them downC.weigh them downD.huddle down12.Floors and walls must be specially constructed to make a building soundproof.（分数：1.00）A.solid and sturdyB.officially completeC.impermeable to noise.D.architecturally attractive13.The folk art rubr

8、ic has also been extended to include all manner of traditional artistic productions, even the self-consciously quaint.（分数：1.00）A.conservativeB.mysteriousC.originalD.unusual14.In mathematics the term “solid“ describes a geometric figure with three dimensions.（分数：1.00）A.angleB.shapeC.triangleD.equatio

9、n15._ this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enroll of the course.（分数：1.00）A.As ofB.As forC.As toD.As on16._ popularity of subject matter and frequency of use, the books on the two middle shelves will be the most helpful to you.（分数：1.00）A.As ofB.As regardsC.As fromD.As against17._ flees if one

10、 is constantly subjected to demeaning orders.（分数：1.00）A.PrimeB.HarassmentC.ConceitD.Pride18.Although states were allowed to coin money right after the American Revolution, they are not allowed to do so today.（分数：1.00）A.fairlyB.temporarilyC.immediatelyD.haphazardly19.Cough syrups and cold remedies th

11、at are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water.（分数：1.00）A.floatB.finishC.remain effectiveD.be prescribed20.An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _ argumentation in commercials.（分数：1.00）A.imperativeB.fallaciousC.persuasiveD.fabulous21.E

12、very community requires a wholesome, dependable supply of water, and every community generates liquid and solid wastes.（分数：1.00）A.considerableB.healthfulC.immediateD.secure22.Notwithstanding its great diversity of styles, forms, themes, and functions, the theatre of today has its roots in a basic ne

13、ed to give meaning to the workings of the universe.（分数：1.00）A.In terms ofB.As regardsC.DespiteD.In view of23.Such _ as self-respect and industriousness merit the full backing of an employer.（分数：1.00）A.advantagesB.traitsC.interestsD.shortcomings24.After years of research, Charles Drew devised a proce

14、dure for preserving plasma.（分数：1.00）A.transportingB.savingC.reusingD.labeling25.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.（分数：1.00）A.lifeB.birthC.wayD.death26.We must try to _ the best of our moral values for our children and grand-children.（分数：1.00）

15、A.replaceB.remainC.generateD.preserve27.Sudden disastrous external stress such as in severe automobile accidents, airplane crashes, and underwater explosions may cause death through rupture of the major arteries.（分数：1.00）A.impairmentB.severityC.fractureD.contraction28.I was _ in my reading, and didn

16、t at first hear the doorbell ring.（分数：1.00）A.immuredB.immersedC.busyD.infatuated29.Lebanon is one of the few countries in the Middle East with a comparatively well- developed labour movement. Trade unions have secured some Utangible/U gains, such as fringe benefits and better working conditions.（分数：

17、1.00）A.substantialB.trivialC.momentousD.crucial30.Villagers and those newly arrived from Europe, fed up with terms of employment and tenancy in the rural areas, took advantage of cheap modern transportation to move into the cities.（分数：1.00）A.discontented withB.acquainted withC.furnished withD.favour

18、ed with二、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B Below each of the following passages you will find altogether 20 questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best an

19、swers the question or completes the statement. Blacken the corresponding letter of your choice on your Answer Sheet.BPassage One/BThe market for manufactured goods is what economists call “imperfect,“ because each company has its own style, its own reputation, and its own locations; and all of the a

20、rts of advertisement and salesmanship are devoted to making it even more imperfect by attracting buyers to particular brand names. Even small businesses that depend upon outside channels of retail distribution may have the final say in what prices they will charge, and great corporations can differe

21、ntiate their goods in order to create demand of them.In this type of market, supply normally is very elastic-that is responsive to demand-in the short run. Stocks or inventories are held at some point in the chain of distribution; while stocks are running down or building up, there is time to change

22、 the level of production, and once a price has been set, it is rarely altered in response to moderate changes in demand. Even in a deep slump, defensive rings may be formed to prevent price cutting.In the long run, as well as in the short, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufacture

23、s. It is easier to change the composition of a firms output than it is to change the production of a mine or a plantation. And when changes in demand are not too rapid, gross profits from one plant can be siphoned off and invested in something quite different. When business is good, moreover, there

24、is continual new investment so that productive capacity is adapted to meeting changing requirements. Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities to which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labour is very little affected by the for

25、tunes of a particular market.（分数：4.00）(1).The “imperfection“ of the market for manufactured goods is reflected in all of the following aspects, except _.（分数：1.00）A.the distinctive style of each companyB.the attempts of advertisement to attract buyers to particular brand namesC.tendency for the price

26、s of the same goods to equalize quicklyD.the freedom of small businesses to decide the prices they will charge(2).In the market for manufactured goods, _ is usually not responsive to moderate changes in demand.（分数：1.00）A.the price of a product if it has been setB.supplyC.stocks or inventoriesD.the l

27、evel of production(3).According to this passage, _ is not responsive to demand in the market for manufactures.（分数：1.00）A.in the short run, supplyB.in the long run, supplyC.the level of wages for factory labourD.the productive capacity of a business(4).The proper title for this passage should be _.（分

28、数：1.00）A.Markets for ManufacturesB.“Imperfect“ MarketsC.Supply and DemandD.Great Corporation and Small BusinessesBPassage Two/BUnfortunately most of the science fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001 A Space Odyssey. Skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001. which appeared i

29、n 1968, set new standards for science fiction films. During the next decade, every one of the dozens of science fiction movies released was compared to 2001 , and all but a few were found sadly lacking.Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinio

30、n, much of the movies power and appeal was achieved through relatively inexpensive means. For example, the musical score, which was adapted in large part from well-known classical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel seque

31、nces. Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music.After 2001, the dominant theme of science fiction films shifted from the adventures of space travel to the problems created on earth by mans mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of tec

32、hnology by a totalitarian state. Overpopulation and the accompanying shortages of food prompt the state to impose extraordinary controls on its citizens. No fewer than twenty-nine films were made around this theme in the years between 1970 and 1977, including Survivors and Chronicles.In the opinion

33、of this reviewer, until Star Wars was released in 1977, science fiction films were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising to a greater or lesser degree a series of repetitive plots. But Star Wars was different. It offered us a return to imaginative voyages in space and confrontation with intelligen

34、t life on other planets. Unlike the other science fiction films of the decade, Star Wars presented technology as having solved rather than aggravated ecological problems. The special effects created to simulate space vehicles hurtling through the blackness of the universe were reminiscent of the art

35、istic standards set by 2001.（分数：4.00）(1).In the authors opinion, most of the science fiction films released in the 1970s were _.（分数：1.00）A.better than 2001: A Space OdysseyB.not as good as 2001: A Space OdysseyC.almost the same as Star WarsD.better than Star Wars(2).The theme of the majority of scie

36、nce fiction films made between 1970 and 1977 was _.（分数：1.00）A.space travelB.life on other planetsC.ecological problems on earthD.wars between the earth and other planets(3).In the authors opinion, why was 2001 successful?（分数：1.00）A.because its budget was largeB.because its camera work and musical sc

37、ore were blended artisticallyC.because its plot was repetitiveD.because its symbolism was very good(4).What does the author most object to in the science movies of the 1790s?（分数：1.00）A.He objects to their camera work.B.He does not like their music.C.He believes that their stories are too much alike.

38、D.He criticizes their special effects.BPassage Three/BThe question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities d

39、irected against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categori

40、es of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is import

41、ant to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict; nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably ,an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of

42、 war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence

43、 occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the co

44、mpetition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nation

45、s grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：4.00）(1).In the first par

46、agraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflict in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the that characteristic featare of opposition an

47、d cooperation(2).According the author, competition differs from conflict in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence(3).The phrase, “function in the disservi

48、ce of one another“ (Line 9, Para. 1) most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another(4).The passage is probably intended to answer the question“ _ “.（分数：1.00）A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.I

49、s conflict desirable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?BPassage Four/BAnother trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addi