【考研类试卷】考博英语-131及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-131 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.Because it is tuned a fifth lower, the viola produces a sound that is more resonant than that of the violin.（分数：1.00）A.more vibrantB.more harmoniousC.softerD.sadder.2.The boy could not _ the temptation of the piece of chocolate a

2、nd revealed the secret.（分数：1.00）A.persistB.resistC.desistD.insist3.The members of the dub voted to _ the meeting until after lunch.（分数：1.00）A.adjournB.adjoinC.adjustD.adjudge4.His plan was _ by the committee.（分数：1.00）A.rejectedB.dejectedC.objectedD.projected5.I cant read your writing. It is _.（分数：1.

3、00）A.legibleB.illegibleC.eligibleD.ineligible6.I could never spend the time that he does poring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.（分数：1.00）A.delicateB.incomprehensibleC.meaninglessD.complicated7.The place _ me very much.（分数：1.00）A.interestedB.disinterestedC.u

4、ninterestedD.interesting8.He gradually _ that her parents had been right and his decision had to be modified.（分数：1.00）A.perceivedB.pioneeredC.plaguedD.transformed9.The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradiction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification.（分数：1.00）A.adjournmentB

5、.distributionC.tablingD.approval10.Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.arguedC.pretendedD.hypothesized11.Braille, the universally accepted system of writing used by blind persons, consists of sixty- three characters

6、.（分数：1.00）A.catalogB.methodC.committeeD.punctuation12.The meeting was _ over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.（分数：1.00）A.presumedB.propelledC.presidedD.pricked13.The boy was not _ to leave class without an adequate reason.（分数：1.00）A.emittedB.admittedC.permittedD.remitted14.Ice skate

7、s manufactured entirely of iron were first sold in the 1800s.（分数：1.00）A.mainlyB.successfullyC.solelyD.routinely15.When he formed his own company in 1949, Minoru Yamasaki had had years of experience with New Yorks top architectural firms.（分数：1.00）A.tallestB.chiefC.exceptD.like16.Ice can be used to ke

8、ep food from spoiling.（分数：1.00）A.rottingB.agingC.tougheningD.evaporating17.Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.hinderedC.nullifiedD.crowned18.Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highway

9、s as well as with urban affairs.（分数：1.00）A.outlandishB.exclusiveC.exemptedD.remote19.According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem _ all sports events.（分数：1.00）A.repelsB.remarksC.precedesD.requires20.For many years, Mark has been suffering from the _ that he is a grea

10、t man.（分数：1.00）A.elusionB.illusionC.allusionD.delusion21.They awoke to find toe maid had left the remnants of dinner on the table.（分数：1.00）A.list of items forB.invitations toC.leftovers ofD.preparations for22.His strange behavior had greatly _ me and my friends as well that evening.（分数：1.00）A.perple

11、xedB.exhaustedC.exclaimedD.exceeded23.When plutonium undergoes fission, its atoms break apart, giving off a great deal of energy（分数：1.00）A.recoilB.softenC.festerD.split24.The debtors did not allow them to _ payment of their debts.（分数：1.00）A.deferB.inferC.conferD.refer25.One of the most damaging plan

12、t parasites is the stem eelworm.（分数：1.00）A.harmfulB.elegantC.versatileD.prevalent26.Susan Clintons participation in the Progressive Movement was far-reaching, embracing such causes as labor legislation and housing reforms.（分数：1.00）A.timelyB.voluntaryC.extensiveD.admirable27.Harriet Beecher Stowe, in

13、 her antislavery novel Uncle Toms Cabin, aimed to stir the consciences of her readers.（分数：1.00）A.heedB.appeaseC.confuseD.awaken28.Mr Wangs behavior is_（分数：1.00）A.contemptuousB.contemplativeC.contemptibleD.contemporaneous29.In England, Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech amon

14、g the people.（分数：1.00）A.joinedB.replacedC.influencedD.given way to30.The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.（分数：1.00）A.relied uponB.hinderedC.linked withD.imitated31.The upshot of all this was that travelling had become precarious.（分数：

15、1.00）A.gloriousB.funC.expensiveD.dangerous32.Some would consider that an infringement of good manners whereas others would not.（分数：1.00）A.an exampleB.a violationC.a problemD.an indication33.Absent impartiality on the part of the psychotherapist, a patients conflicts may be exacerbated.（分数：1.00）A.ind

16、ifferenceB.objectivityC.voiced concernD.engagement34.Frederica Von Stade has sung in opera houses throughout the United States and abroad.（分数：1.00）A.on the radioB.on recordingsC.in private homeD.in other countries35.Henry Tanner received widespread recognition for his naturalistic paintings of plant

17、ation life.（分数：1.00）A.profitsB.storageC.attentionD.invitations36.They _ those who didnt conform to their ideas, and made advantage of those who agreed with them.（分数：1.00）A.exploredB.persecutedC.extendedD.pinched37.They worked for three days in _ without feeling tried. A successive B. succession C. s

18、ucceeding D. successful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.In various parts of the world, the devout participate enthusiastically in public procession during the major events of the liturgical year.（分数：1.00）A.piousB.seriousC.diseasedD.misled39.Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamen

19、ting for was in any way kin.（分数：1.00）A.speaking forB.running risks forC.pleading forD.mourning for40.The United States Capitol building, in Washington, D. C. , is Uset/U in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.（分数：1.00）A.secludedB.situatedC.exhibitedD.encircled二、BPa

20、rt Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BSection A/BBDirections:/B Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.BPassage One/BIn our society the razo

21、r of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to. make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this “work et

22、hic“, especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous.Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly sec

23、retaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job.In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet re

24、ceived, to ones daily workan acknowledgment of a mans being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people.（分数：5.00）(1).“In our society the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means _.（分数：1.00）A.there is a shortage of da

25、ily necessitiesB.people fight each other for necessitiesC.most people feel the financial pressureD.everyone lives a hard life(2).The “work ethic“ referred to in the first paragraph can be interpreted as _.（分数：1.00）A.one works mainly to keep body and soul togetherB.one must work not only for money, b

26、ut also for delightC.one must understand that jobs as choresD.one should earn as much money a day as possible(3).Middle-management men flee city and job because _.（分数：1.00）A.they have lost their graceB.they are tired by the long days workC.they dont want to see the tense and pinched faces of their c

27、lerks and secretariesD.they are frightened by the profound grievances shown by the young people(4).The phrase “increment, earned though not received“ in the third paragraph means _（分数：1.00）A.money one has earned and will be paid laterB.money one has earned, but will not Be paid to him / herC.somethi

28、ng that one earns through a job, but is not counted in terms of payD.something that one earns that has nothing to do with his or her job(5).The main idea of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.in modern society people are under great work pressureB.nowadays people want to enjoy life more than do hard workC

29、.work should be to people more than just a means to surviveD.more jobs of delight should be created for peopleBPassage Two/BJustice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form

30、 of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.“ That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense,

31、 society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has com

32、mitted murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do someth

33、ing that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves.Modern jurists have tried to repla

34、ce deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. This does no

35、t mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is

36、a part.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means _.（分数：1.00）A.a criminal must be severely punishedB.a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has doneC.a criminal must be given a punishment that he deservesD.a criminal must pay

37、 for his crime with his eyes and teeth(2).The result of deserved-punishment justice is _.（分数：1.00）A.the criminals winning of a true lifeB.the criminals taking death penalty for the crime committed by himC.the criminals denial of his true selfD.the restoration of the criminals guilty self to the self

38、 before the crime(3).In the sentence: U“society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed“/U the underlined part can be interpreted as: society _.（分数：1.00）A.was in debt to the criminal and must put him into operation as a punishmentB.should consid

39、er punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crimeC.owed the criminal equality and must first show it in actionD.owed an operation of equal crime to the criminal(4).The main difference between deserved-punishment and corrective justice is _.（分数：1.00）A.the latt

40、er is for non-punishment equalityB.the latter has an eye for an eye equality of punishmentC.the latter places the criminals equal rights in life above everything elseD.the latter focuses on both reforming the criminal and giving him new opportunities in society(5).Compared with the old justice conce

41、pt, modern law as shown in this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.less vengefulB.less effectiveC.less justD.less reasonableBPassage Three/BA new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is “transgenesis“, which permits scientists to create an animal wi

42、th specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoessay, one that codes for resistance to a certain diseaseit can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm ani

43、mal. The several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their

44、 milk.The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryos strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alte

45、rnative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has bean modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cells nucleus- Often this method is better than gene injection because a

46、 retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete.（分数：5.00）(1).The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns_.（分数：1.00）A.embryosB.pigs, sheep and goatsC.commercial scienceD.improvement of animal strains(2).In the first sentence, “to

47、become commercially available“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.this procedure is available only on the marketB.this procedure can be used in producing better farm animalsC.This procedure can be used to promote businessD.People such as farmers can use this procedure in their production(3).The transgenic farm anim

48、als mentioned in this passage are _.（分数：1.00）A.pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedureB.pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genesC.leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheepD.leaner pigs, chickens resisting disease

49、s and goats that produce milk with medicine in it(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides.B.The injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryos genes.C.The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell.D.the incorporating method is less simple but