经济学：市场结构和宏观经济分析(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、经济学：市场结构和宏观经济分析(三)及答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B单项选择题/B(总题数：44，分数：44.00)1.If a profit maximizing firm finds that its marginal revenue exceeds its marginal cost, it should: A. increase output if it is a price taker, but not if it is a price searcher. B. decrease output, regardless of whether it is a p

2、rice taker or a price searcher. C. increase output, regardless of whether it is a price taker or a price searcher.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.2.Consider the following statements: Statement 1: “The kinked demand curve model of oligopoly assumes that a decrease in price will not be followed by other firms in the i

3、ndustry, but a price increase will. “ Statement 2: “Finns in monopolistic competition have high advertising expenses because they want to create the perception that their product is different from their competitors products when the competing products are actually quite similar. “ Which of the follo

4、wing best describes the accuracy of these statements? Statement 1 Statement 2 A. Correct Incorrect B. Incorrect Correct C. Correct Correct A. B. C. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.3.The steeper a firms marginal revenue product curve for a given resource, the: A. more elastic the firms demand curve for the resource.

5、B. less elastic the firms demand curve for the resource. C. higher the mobility of the resource.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.4.Which of the following is least accurate regarding the allocative efficiency associated with price discrimination? Price discrimination: A. results in gains to the discriminating firm by

6、selling to consumers with relatively inelastic demand. B. increases production closer to the quantity where price equals marginal cost. C. leads to a decrease in allocative efficiency.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.5.Keith Keeley, an associate at Friedman, Harris, and Levinsky LLC, was requested by a Managing Direc

7、tor of the firm to help construct the consumer price index (CPI). Keeley sought to determine which goods and services to include in the index by observing what a typical U. S. household purchases. He then took a large survey of individuals to determine what percentage of their disposable income they

8、 spend on each of the items and used these percentages as the weights for the major categories in the CPI. The steps that Keeley undertook are all part of which stage in constructing the CPI index? A. Select the CPI basket. B. Calculate the CPI. C. Conduct the monthly price survey.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.6.W

9、hen a firm is earning positive economic profits in a monopolistic competitive market, what will most likely occur? A. New firms will enter driving down the economic profits to zero. B. Losses will occur in the short run. C. Price takers will be over run by price searchers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.7.All of the

10、 following are factors that can cause shifts in the demand curve for a resource EXCEPT: A. an increase in the supply of the resource. B. an increase in the resources productivity. C. a decrease in the prices of other resources.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.8.Which of the following statements regarding a monopolist

11、 is most accurate? A. A monopolist will maximize the average profit per unit sold. B. If a firm has a monopoly, it will always be able to earn economic profits. C. A monopolist, like any other profit-maximizing firm, will sell at the output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.（分数：1.00）

12、A.B.C.9.Which of the following statements regarding monopolies is FALSE? A. Monopolists will try to get favorable treatment from the government called rent seeking. B. Due to the law of diminishing returns, natural monopolies exhibit an upward sloping average total cost curve. C. Inefficient produce

13、rs are able to survive.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.10.Is monopolistic competition a market in which: each seller produces a differentiated product? compete on price, quality, marketing ? A. No No B. No Yes C. Yes Yes A. B. C. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.11.Price discrimination is most accurately defined by which of the follo

14、wing? Price discrimination is the practice of charging different consumers different prices for: A. similar products that have identical per-unit production costs. B. products that have identical price elasticities of demand. C. the same product or service.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.12.Monopolistic competition

15、differs from pure monopoly in that: A. barriers to entry are high under monopoly, but low under monopolistic competition. B. monopolistic competitors are price takers, monopolists are not. C. monopolistic competitors face downward sloping demand curves, monopolists do not.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.13.Which of

16、the following is the most accurate definition of the unemployment rate? The unemployment rate is the number of: A. unemployed individuals divided by the number of employed individuals. B. unemployed individuals divided by the total labor force. C. unemployed individuals divided by the number of indi

17、viduals employed plus the number of people in retirement.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.14.Are the following two statements about the marginal revenue product (MRP) of a factor of production correct?Statement 1: In a price taker market, the MRP of an input is the marginal product of the input multiplied by the pric

18、e of the output it generates.Statement 2: If we compare any two productive inputs, the one with the higher MRP will earn greater economic rent.Statement 1 Statement 2A. Correct CorrectB. Incorrect CorrectC. Correct Incorrect A. B. C. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.15.Which of the following statements about a monopo

19、list is least accurate? A. A profit-maximizing monopolist will expand output until marginal revenue equals marginal cost. B. A profit-maximizing monopolist will supply less of his product than the amount consistent with the conditions of ideal static efficiency for an economy. C. A monopolist will a

20、lways be able to earn economic profit.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.16.A monopolist will maximize profits by: A. producing at the point where price is equal to MR. B. producing at the output level where marginal revenue equals average variable cost and charging a price along the demand curve that corresponds to th

21、e output rate. C. producing at the output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charging a price on the demand curve that corresponds to the output rate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.17.Compared to a competitive market, a monopoly situation will produce: A. less output, and the sum of the consumer

22、surplus and the producer surplus will be reduced. B. more output, and the sum of the consumer surplus and the producer surplus will be reduced. C. less output, and the sum of the consumer surplus and the producer surplus will be increased.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.18.If the economy is in short-run disequilibri

23、um below full employment, the most likely explanation is that: A. aggregate demand has decreased. B. long-run aggregate supply has decreased. C. resource prices have decreased.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.19.Which of the following most accurately describes the Monetarist school of macroeconomic thought in relatio

24、n to aggregate demand and aggregate supply? Monetarists believe that the money supply should be: A. Increased during inflationary periods and reduced during recessionary periods. B. Increased by a constant rate annually. C. Reduced during inflationary periods and increased during recessionary period

25、s.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.20.At an output quantity equal to 250, a monopoly firm faces a demand curve with a price (P) of $50, a marginal cost (MC) and marginal revenue (MR) equal to $10, and an average total cost (ATC) equal to $12. The economic profit for this monopoly firm is closest to: A. $12500. B. $10

26、000. C. $9500.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.21.Even though the producer surplus increases under a monopoly scenario, relative to one of perfect competition, the consumer surplus : A. decreases by a lesser amount. B. decreases by a greater amount. C. decreases by an equal amount.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.22.A firm in a perfec

27、tly competitive market will tend to expand its output as long as: A. its marginal revenue is positive. B. the market price is greater than the marginal cost. C. its marginal revenue is greater than the market price.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.23.Which of the following factors is most likely to increase aggregate

28、 demand? A. Increasing real interest rates. B. An expected decrease in future prices. C. An increase in real wealth.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.24.A labor market analyst makes the following assertions about trends in labor income: Statement 1: The net effect of technological improvements has been to increase the

29、 demand for labor. This can be seen in the long-run increase in real wage rates. Statement 2: The broadest measure of labor income is total wages, salaries, and tips received. Are these two statements correct? Statement 1 Statement 2 A. Correct Correct B. Incorrect Correct C. Correct Incorrect A. B.

30、 C. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.25.Which statement about renewable and non-renewable resources is most accurate? A. The price of a renewable resource is the present value of its expected next-period price. B. Land is considered a renewable resource. C. The known stock of a non-renewable resource must decrease as

31、 the resource is used.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.26.Which of the following market structure characterized that a large number of competitors produce (slightly) differentiated products with low barriers to entry? A. Perfect competition. B. Monopolistic competition. C. Oligopoly.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.27.Cyclical unemplo

32、yment is closely associated with: A. long-term economic growth. B. fluctuations in the natural rate of unemployment. C. short-run fluctuations in the economy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.28.Which of the following is most likely to occur in the short run if there is an unanticipated decrease in aggregate demand du

33、e to a reduction in business and consumer optimism? A. An increase in the rate of unemployment. B. An increase in real GDP. C. A higher rate of inflation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.29.The short-run supply curve for a firm in a perfectly competitive market is equal to the firms: A. ATC curve. B. AVC curve. C. MC

34、 curve.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.30.Are a firms demand for labor and a firms demand for physical capital more elastic in the long run or in the short run? Demand for labor more elastic in the: Demand for physical capital more elastic in the: A. short run short run B. long run long run C. short run long run A.

35、B. C. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.31.Which of the following is least accurate regarding the relationship between price (P) , marginal revenue (MR) , average total cost (ATC), and marginal cost (MC) at the profit maximizing output under monopoly? A. P=MR B. MR=MC. C. PM.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.32.The short-run supply curv

36、e for a purely competitive market: A. slopes upward to the right. B. slopes downward to the right. C. is a horizontal line.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.33.When producers expend resources to establish monopoly power in a market, this is called: A. surplus allocation. B. resource rationalization. C. rent seeking.（分

37、数：1.00）A.B.C.34.A shop foreman determines that an employee would produce two more units of output ff he worked one additional hour. The product currently sells for $15.00 per unit and the firm is a price taker. Which of the following choices most accurately describes the relationship between the mar

38、ginal revenue (MR) and marginal revenue product (MRP) from the additional hour of labor input? A. MRP MR. B. MRP = MR. C. MR $15 and MRP = MR.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.35.In a discussion about the factors that determine a firms demand for labor, Kathleen Jorgensen asserts the following: Statement 1: A firms ma

39、rginal revenue curve is equivalent to its short-run labor demand curve. Statement 2: A decrease in the equilibrium market price of a firms product will increase the firms demand for labor because the firm will sell more units of the product. Are Jorgensens statements correct? Statement 1 Statement 2

40、 A. Correct Correct B. Correct Incorrect C. Incorrect Incorrect A. B. C. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.36.Under perfect competition, a firm will experience zero long term economic profit when: A. price is less than average total cost. B. MR is greater than ATC. C. MC = ATC = MR = price.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.37.Which of t

41、he following is least likely to be considered a necessary condition for a monopolist to realize profits from price discrimination? A. A product for which the demand curve is downward sloping. B. At least two groups of customers, each with a different price elasticity of demand. C. Two different cost

42、s of production.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.38.Regulations are frequently implemented that attempt to deal with markets with high barriers to entry. Which statement is least likely to be a reason why they often fail? A. Regulators prevent monopolists from making a profit. B. Regulators fail to fully understand t

43、he firms cost curves and demand schedule. C. An existing firm in the industry is able to influence the regulatory board.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.39.Which of the following is zero when an economy is at full employment? A. Structural unemployment. B. Total unemployment. C. Cyclical unemployment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.4

44、0.Which of the following most accurately describes a market structure that has one seller of a specific, well-defined product that has no good substitutes? A. Oligopoly. B. Monopoly. C. Monopolistic competition.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.41.There are four main barriers to entry. Which of the following is NOT a

45、barrier to entry? A. Patents. B. Resource Control. C. Allocative Efficiency.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.42.Which of the following is a characteristic of perfect competition? A. There are a few sellers. B. The products of different firms are sold at different prices. C. There are no barriers to entry into the mar

46、ket.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.43.Firms in a perfectly competitive industry will increase their output until which of the following conditions is met? A. Total revenue equals price. B. Marginal cost equals price. C. Marginal revenue equals average fixed cost.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.44.Which of the following is NOT a con

47、dition of a perfectly competitive market? A. Sellers make economic profits. B. Firms face elastic demand curves. C. Individual sellers each have a small share of the market.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.经济学：市场结构和宏观经济分析(三)答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B单项选择题/B(总题数：44，分数：44.00)1.If a profit maximizing firm finds that i

48、ts marginal revenue exceeds its marginal cost, it should: A. increase output if it is a price taker, but not if it is a price searcher. B. decrease output, regardless of whether it is a price taker or a price searcher. C. increase output, regardless of whether it is a price taker or a price searcher.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. 解析：Any firm will maximize profits by producing the output where MR = MC.2.Consider the following statements: Statement 1: “The kinked demand curve model of oligopoly assumes that a decrease in price will not be followed by other firms in the industry, but a price inc