ISO IEC GUIDE 2-2004 Standardization and related activities - General vocabulary《标准化与相关活动 通用词汇》.pdf

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1、 Eighth edition 2004 Huitime dition 2004 2004 ISO/IEC 2004 GUIDE 2Standardization and related activities General vocabulary Normalisation et activits connexes Vocabulaire gnral . ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) ISO/IEC 2004 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International St

2、andard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for d

3、ictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including phot

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17、a a o ae , e e o e. ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) iv ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs/ Contents Page Foreword .vii Introduction.xii Scope. 1 Normative references.2 1 Standardization.4 2 Aims of standardization .8 3 Normative documents 12 4 Bodies responsible for standards and regula

18、tions. 18 5 Types of standards .22 6 Harmonization of standards.26 7 Content of normative documents30 8 Structure of normative documents .34 9 Preparation of normative documents .36 10 Implementation of normative documents.40 11 References to standards in regulations .42 12 Conformity assessment.46

19、Alphabetical indexes English (en)48 French (fr)50 Russian (ru).5 1 German (de).53 Spanish (es).55 Italian (it)56 Dutch (nl)57 Swedish (sv)59 ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs/ vSommaire Page Avant-propos.viii Introduction . xiii Domaine dapplication. 1 R

20、frences normatives 2 1 Normalisation 4 2 Objectifs de la normalisation. 8 3 Documents normatifs. 12 4 Organismes responsables des normes et des rglements 18 5 Types de normes 22 6 Harmonisation des normes . 26 7 Contenu des documents normatifs 30 8 Structure des documents normatifs. 34 9 Prparation

21、des documents normatifs. 36 10 Mise en uvre des documents normatifs 40 11 Rfrence aux normes dans la rglementation. 42 12 valuation de la conformit. 46 Index alphabtiques Anglais (en). 48 Franais (fr). 50 Russe (ru) 5 1 Allemand (de) 53 Espagnol (es) 55 Italien (it) 56 Nerlandais (nl). 57 Sudois (sv

22、). 59 ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) vi ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs/ . .x .xiv . 1 2 1 .5 2 .9 3 13 4 , 19 5 .23 6 .27 7 3 1 8 35 9 37 10 4 1 11 43 12 47 (en)48 (fr).50 (ru).5 1 (de) .53 (es)55 (it) .56 (nl) 57 (sv).59 ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved

23、/Tous droits rservs/ viiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International

24、Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO

25、 and IEC, also take part in the work International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISI/IEC Directives, Part 2. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least

26、 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The first edition of this Guide was published by

27、 ISO in 1976. It was prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) in consultation with ISO, primarily to facilitate the work of the UN/ECE aimed at removal of barriers to international trade arising from lack of harmonization of standards or inadequate international applica

28、tion of standards. The second, third and fourth editions of ISO Guide 2 added new terms and definitions in more or less isolated groups, within no overall planned framework. Work on a systematically structured revision was authorized by the ISO Council in 198 1 as the principal task of a working gro

29、up within the ISO Committee on standardization principles (ISO/STACO), including IEC and UN/ECE spokesmen and in cooperation with the ISO Committee on conformity assessment (ISO/CASCO) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Conference (ILAC). The main reason for this activity was a request f

30、rom UN/ECE for complete and urgent revision of ISO Guide 2 to take into account a number of specific problems raised by the UN/ECE Government Officials Responsible for Standardization Policies as well as the proposed terminology being prepared in the UN/ECE Working Party on Building. Moreover, ISO w

31、as publishing an increasing number of Guides on standardization policies and procedures, several of them in conjunction with IEC. To guard against terminological inconsistencies, a clear understanding of basic concepts needed to be established, and unambiguous general terms and definitions provided.

32、 The resulting fifth edition of Guide 2 was issued, for the first time as a joint ISO/IEC publication, in 1986. The sixth edition ( 199 1) incorporated amendments in response to specific questions raised by ISO and IEC members, requests from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the

33、UN/ECE, and proposals from ISO/CASCO. The seventh edition ( 1996) preserved the structure of its recent predecessors by grouping related concepts under generic clause headings. Thus, Clauses 1 to 11 concerned standardization, proceeding from the more general to more specific aspects. Similarly, the

34、terms and definitions given in the revised Clauses 12 to 17 covered the broad spectrum of conformity assessment. These latter clauses were modified on the recommendations of ISO/CASCO to reflect developments in conformity assessment activities, and were approved by the national bodies of ISO and IEC

35、 in 1994. They were not intended to provide a comprehensive classification but included, in particular, concepts related to the following typical sequence: a) determination of product, process or service characteristics (Clause 13); b) comparison of characteristics with specified requirements, i.e.

36、conformity evaluation (Clause 14); c) assurance of conformity, e.g. by suppliers declaration or by certification (Clause 15). This eighth edition (2004) is identical to the seventh edition except that the terms and definitions on conformity assessment (in Clauses 12 to 17 in the 7th edition) have be

37、en deleted and replaced by a normative reference to ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment Vocabulary and general principles. ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) viii ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs/ Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lec

38、trotechnique internationale) forment le systme spcialis de la normalisation mondiale. Les organismes nationaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Normes internationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques crs par lorganisation concerne afin de soccuper des domaines parti

39、culiers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de lISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO et la CEI participent galement aux travaux. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives