2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit1Womenofachievement（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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1、1必修四 Unit 1 Women of achievement李仕才【短文语法填空】Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3

2、 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma.Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year,25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africas top musicians d

3、ecided to attend.The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust.Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and o

4、ther young people wanted to change the image of Goma.Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了刚果民主共和国一个长期战乱的城市戈马，年轻人为了和

5、平几经努力终于办成音乐节的事。1.has been linked 【解析】考查动词。句意：这个城市已经和战争联系在一起数年了。2.violence 【解析】考查名词。介词 of后面应用名词形式。3.for 【解析】考查介词。for 表示为。句意：一个年轻人团体为了和平在刚果民主共和国组织了一次音乐节。4.eastern 2【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词 city应用形容词作定语。5.because 【解析】考查连词。第一次音乐节被取消是因为 Goma遭受袭击。6.when 【解析】考查连词。句意：当哈比博来表演时，人群沸腾了。when 表示当时，引导时间状语从句。7.forming 8.orga

6、nizers 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：Vianney Bisimwa 是音乐节的其中一个组织者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名词复数形式，故填 organizers。9.its 【解析】考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。10.a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：这给了人们一次表达感情的机会。chance 是可数名词，这里表示一次机会，故前面要加 a。一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考respect vi.&n.尊敬；尊重deliver vt.递送；接生；发表演说等crowd n人群；观众 vt.挤满；使拥挤behave vt.&vi.举动；举止

7、或行为表现 behaviour n行为；举止；习性observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n观察；观测argue vt.&vi 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n争论；争辩；争吵support n&vt.支持；拥护 supporter n支持者intend vt.计划；打算 intention n计划；打算3entertainment n款待；娱乐 entertain vt.使误乐inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示 inspiration n鼓舞；灵感2常考词汇shade n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线campaign n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动

8、project n. 项目；工程；规划emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况childhood n. 童年；幼年时代modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的specialist n. 专家；专业工作者special adj. 特殊的specially adv. 专门地；特别地connection n. 连接；关系connect vt. 连接organization n. 组织；机构；团体organize vt. 组织considerate adj. 考虑周到的consideration n. 考虑；体谅用所给单词的适当形式填空1When considering (consider)

9、 a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.(2017江苏卷)2Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment (entertain) aspect of the music has been lost.(2017全国卷)3But the World Bank has included the project (project) on its list of “

10、100 ideas to save the planet”(2017江苏卷)4Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations (organize)(2017全国卷)5It all begins here，by signing up to join an organization (organize)(2016浙江卷)6Cathy suffered some

11、terrible illness in her early childhood (child)(2016天津卷)47Children may learn the rules of language by observing (observe) their parentsbehaviors.(2016浙江卷)8Every day in our work，we are_inspired (inspire) by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.(2016四川卷)9Begin making the

12、valuable connections (connect) that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.(2016浙江卷)10The journey was_intended (intend) to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.(2016全国卷)“鼓舞，激励”家族inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发encourage vt.鼓励，激励motivate vt.激发，激励prompt vt. 鼓励，促使spirit up

13、 鼓励，激励后缀-ment 构成的抽象名词一览achievement 成就；功绩adjustment 调整advertisement 广告agreement 协议amusement 娱乐，消遣announcement 宣布appointment 约定argument 争论arrangement 安排astonishment 惊讶punishment 惩罚amazement 惊异，惊愕后缀-hood 构成的名词荟萃adulthood 成年childhood 童年boyhood 少年时代brotherhood 手足之情manhood 男子气概5parenthood 父母身份；亲子关系neighbo

14、rhood 邻里；社区；街坊【完形填空】A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers _1_ thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 _2_ ride.I had _3_ into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.T

15、ime was precious and my _4_ included a quick roundtrip from and back to the airport.A _5_ taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to _6_ the passenger door for me and made sure I was _7_ seated before he closed the door.As he got in the drivers seat，he _8_ that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to

16、 me was for my use.He then showed me several _9_ and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.I could not believe the _10_ I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say， “_11_ you take great pride in your work.You must have a _12_ to share.”“You bet， ” he _13_， “I used to be in Corporate America.Bu

17、t I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I _14_ to find my right position in life，where I could feel _15_ of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full days work and done it _16_.So I chose to become a _17_.One thing I know for sure，to be good in my bu

18、siness I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers._18_，to be great in my business，I have to go _19_ the customers expectations！”The taxi driver taught me a great life _20_：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others.1A.offer BchargeCpay Dafford2A.taxi BbusCcar Dtrain3A.driven Bf

19、lownCran Dcycled4A.hope BpurposeCplan Dchoice5A.private Brough6Cslow Dclean6A.open BlockCpush Dshut7A.silently BcomfortablyCtightly Dcasually8A.declared BconcludedCfound Dmentioned9A.pictures BmapsCtapes Dbooks10A.service BgiftCinvitation Dadvice11A.Actually BObviouslyCGradually DSuddenly12A.chance

20、BsecretCstory Dride13A.whispered BarguedCsighed Dreplied14A.decided BpromisedChappened Dhesitated15A.careful BproudCafraid Dcurious16A.early BrapidlyCcautiously Dwell17A.driver BdirectorCclient Dspeaker18A.Besides BThereforeCHowever DPerhaps19A.against BwithinCover Dbeyond20A.method BexperienceCless

21、on Dstandard【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一名出租车司机给作者上了一堂关于如何达到客户满意和期望的课。【难句分析】One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just 7have to meet the expectations of my passengers.分析：本句是一个复合句。I know for sure 是定语从句。译文：有一件事我可以肯定，那就是想要做好生意，我就必须要满足我的乘客的期望。【核心词汇】corporate adj.公司的 client n客户precious adj.珍贵的 extra adj

22、.额外的1B 根据空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，励志演讲家的培训是要收费的。charge 表示“收费” ，符合语境。2A 根据文章第一句“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，出租车司机收作者 12美元。3B 根据第二段第二句的“Time was precious and my _4_

23、 included a quick aroundtrip from and back to the airport”可知，作者当时是乘飞机去的。4C 根据语境可知，时间很珍贵，作者的计划中包括往返机场的旅程。5D 根据下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租车很干净。6A 结合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司机赶快跑过来给作者开车门。7B 根据语境可推知，该司机注重乘客的满意度，所以他一定确保作者乘坐舒适。8D 根据语境可推知，司机向乘客提醒有杂志可看。m

24、ention“提到” 。9C 根据空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司机给作者拿出几盘音乐磁带让他选择。10A 根据空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者对出租车司机提供的服务非常吃惊，不敢相信。receive the service“接受服务” 。11B 由空后的“You must have a _12_ to share”以及语境可推知，显而易见，作者认为出租车司机为自己的工作自豪。12C 根据空后的“to share”以及语境可推知，此处表示有故事分享。13D 根据语境可知，司机回应了作者的推断。14A 根据

25、空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司机决定行动起来，找到生活中合适的位置而不是一味地想想。15B 根据第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司机想做到最好并为自己的工作自豪。16D 根据语境可推知，司机想把工作做好。17A 根据语境可知，他决定转行当一名司机。18C 根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用 However“然而” 。819D 根据文章最后一句“Go an extra mile when providing any service to others”可知，要想做到最好，就要多为客户考虑，

26、超出客户的期望。beyond“超出” 。20C 根据文章开头“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，此处表示司机给作者上了生动的一课。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词/副词move off 离开；出发crowd in (想法、问题等) 涌上心头；涌入脑海refer to 查阅；参考；谈到come across (偶然) 遇见；碰见carry on 继续；坚持care for 照顾，照看；喜爱2其他形式by chance 碰巧；凑巧lead a life 过着的生活be inte

27、nded for 打算给用look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry_on,_and they would catch up with him soon.(2017浙江卷)2When walking down the street，I came_across David，whom I hadnt seen for years.(2016天津卷)3She has a menta

28、l toughness that did not come about by_chance.(2016江苏卷)4Im always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.(2016天津卷)5Seeing that we had noticed him，the little boy moved_off slowly.“动词on”必备短语一览carry on 继续，坚持keep on 继续前进/工作live on 继续存在，靠为生go on 前进，继续move on 继续前进insist on 坚持9pass on 传递get on 上车hand

29、 on 传送rely on 依靠，依赖decide on 决定，选定depend on 依靠，依赖三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句 学句型 练仿写1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划only 在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。俗话说，熟能生巧。只有这样我们才能提高我们的英语口语。Practice makes perfect，as the saying

30、goes.Only_in_this_way_can_we_improve our spoken English.2.Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。once 引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦就” 。一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你的生活做出积极的贡献。Failure can make a positive contribution to your life once_you_learn_to_make_u

31、se_of_it.3.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。“It hits/hit sb.从句”表示“某人突然想起” 。我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上了。It_suddenly_hit_me_that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen.4.Further reading made me realize that it was hard w

32、ork and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步的阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院It is/was.that/who.强调句。巴赫死于 1750年，但直到 19世纪初他的音乐才能才被完全认可。Bach died in 1750，but it_was_not_until_the_early_19th_century_that his musical gift was fully recognized.10的大门。【短文改错】Dear Lisa，I

33、m glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work，that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for

34、work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in th

35、ese activities.Yours，Li Ming【答案】 Dear Lisa，Im glad to receive your letter about the present holiday life of askedaskingChinese students. Learning together with entertainment still up most of taketakesour time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work，makes us realize how hard

36、 work every day and develop a great love for thatwhich wetheywork.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary anwork. We out to the streets to collect or to the hospitals to wentgo rubbishesrubbishcheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need make

37、orandour hometown a lot more beautiful. We find pleasure in these ofgreatlygreatactivities.Yours，Li Ming第一处：askedasking。考查非谓语动词。我很高兴收到你询问中国学生目前的假日生活的来信。ask 和其逻辑主语 letter之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。11第二处：taketakes。考查主谓一致。学习和娱乐仍然占据了我们大部分的时间。此处是together with连接的名词在句中作主语，谓语动词应与句子原来的主语 Learning保持一致，即应用第三人称单数，故改为 t

38、akes。第三处：thatwhich。考查定语从句。此外，我们经常帮助我们的父母做家务或者干农活，这使我们意识到他们每天工作得多努力。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子，故用 which。注意：that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。第四处：wethey。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代的是上文中的“our parents” ，故应用 they。第五处：在 active前加 an。考查冠词。同时，我们积极参加社会活动，比如志愿工作。take an active part in为习惯用法，表示“积极参加” 。第六处：wentgo。考查时态。我们去街上收集垃圾或者去医院

39、安慰生病的孩子们。全文的基本时态是一般现在时，故此处应用一般现在时。第七处：rubbishesrubbish。考查名词。rubbish 表示“垃圾” ，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故改为 rubbish。第八处：orand。考查连词。由语境可知，此处表示并列的顺承关系，故用 and表示“和，与” 。or 表示选择关系，意为“或，或者” 。第九处：去掉 of。考查固定搭配。此处指使我们的家乡变得更加美丽。根据句中的“more”可知，此处修饰比较级，故应用 a lot。a lot of 表示“许多” ，修饰名词。第十处：greatlygreat。考查副词。在这些活动中，我们发现了极大的乐趣。此处修饰名词 pleasure，故应用形容词。