2019届中考英语复习第二篇中考语法专项第24课代词与连词基础知识.docx

《2019届中考英语复习第二篇中考语法专项第24课代词与连词基础知识.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019届中考英语复习第二篇中考语法专项第24课代词与连词基础知识.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、1第 24 课 代词与连词课堂突破代 词代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词。一、人称代词和物主代词人称代词 物主代词单数 复数 单数 复数主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性I me we us my mine our oursyou you you you your yours your yoursshe her they them her hers their theirshe him they them his his their theirsit it they them its its their their

2、s人称代词主格 1. 作主语。如：Im a student. You are a teacher. We all work very hard 我是一名学生。你是一名老师。我们都努力工作（学习） 。2. 作表语，用在 Its.who（that）结构中。如：Its she who has been wrong 她一直以来都是错的。人称代词人称代词宾格 1. 作及物动词的宾语。如：Tell him/her to call back a little later 叫他/她等下稍微迟点回2电话。2. 人称代词宾格在句中作动词短语的宾语时，如果动词短语是“动词+介词”型，则宾语放介词后；如果动词短语是“

3、动词+副词”型，则宾语放在动词和副词之间。如：This is my family photo. Can you look at it carefully and find out which one is me? 这是我的全家福。你能仔细看看并找出哪个是我吗？I dont know the word. Please help me look it up in a dictionary.我不认识这个单词。请帮我在字典里查一下。3. 作表语。人称代词作表语时，通常要用宾格。如：Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门？Its me 是我。使用人称代词需注意的几个问题1. 主

4、语是并列的几个人称时，应将 you 放在最前，I 放在最后。如：You， she and I are all interested in the story 你、她和我都对这个故事感兴趣。2. she 通常可以用来代替国家、船只、大地、月亮等。3. 人称代词 it 的一些特殊用法：（1）指代心目中不清楚的人或看不清性别的婴儿。如：Whos that at the door? 门口是谁？Its me. 是我。The woman is carrying a baby. Its so cute. 3这位女士正抱着一个婴儿。它是那么的可爱。（2）指代时间、天气、距离等。如：Its eight oclo

5、ck now. 现在 8 点整了。Its cloudy today. 今天多云。Its 3 miles from my home to school. 从我家到学校有 3 英里远。（3）作形式主语或形式宾语。如：Its hard to climb that mountain. （形式主语） 攀登那座山不是件易事。Some students found it very hard to learn English well. （形式宾语） 一些学生发现学好英语非常困难。（4）还可用于以下句型中：Its ones turn to do sth. 该轮到某人做某事；Its time to do/for

6、/that. 该到做某事的时候了/该是的时候了；It seems that. 看起来形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语，修饰名词。如：his hobby, our plan 等。物主代词名词性物主代词 1. 作主语。如：That isnt my car. Mine is being repaired 那不是我的车。我的车在修理中。2. 作表语。如：Is this your book or mine? 这本书是你的还是我的？3. 作宾语。如：You may use my umbrella. Ill use hers 你可以用我的雨伞。我用她的。4. of+名词性物主代词可以作定语，相当于

7、名词的双重所有格。如：4Is he a neighbor of yours? 他是你的邻居吗？【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Whos that girl over there?Shes Susan, a classmate of_ （I）.2. Oh, dear!My computer doesnt work. Would you pleaselend me_ （you）?3. Are these books yours, Mike?No, they arent. They belong to_ （she）.4. Uncle Tom will visit us soon._ （hi

8、s） is arriving tomorrow morning.5. I have a pet dog._ （it） name is Xiaohuan.二、反身代词反身代词的形式 人称 单数 复数第一人称 myself ourselves第二人称 yourself yourselves第三人称 himself/herself/itselfthemselves5反身代词的作用 1. 作宾语（及物动词或介词的宾语） ，表动作承受者是动作执行者自己。如：Let me introduce myself 让我介绍一下我自己。2. 作表语。如：Im not quite myself these days

9、这些日子我不在状态。3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，起加强语气的作用，表示“亲自” 。如：The boy himself made the model plane 这模型飞机是男孩自己做的。4. 重要词组。如：help yourself 请自便；by oneself 单独地；for oneself亲自；enjoy oneself 过得快乐； be oneself 做自己；dress oneself 给自己穿衣服；teach oneself 自学等。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. No driver is needed. The new car can run by （it）.2. Kid

10、s, help_ （you） to some fruit. Its good for your health.3. My brother is old enough to look after_ （he）.4. We enjoyed_ （us） at the party yesterday.三、指示代词概念 用来指示或标示人或物的一类代词。如：this, that, these, those, it, such, same, so等。用法 such 可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。such 作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，1. 作定语。如：The foreign visitors sa

11、id they had never seen such beautiful scenery before 这些外国游客说他们从未看过如此美丽的风景。6这个不定冠词应放在 such 之后 2. 作主语。如：Such is our plan for the coming holiday 这就是我们的假期计划。3. 作宾语。如：Last year before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such 去年圣诞节之前他们想要树之类的帮助。4. 作表语。如：The waves were such as I had never seen before

12、这样的海浪，我以前从未见过。same 可作定语、主语、表语和宾语，在 same 前必须加定冠词 the1. 作定语。如：My friend came by the same train as you 我朋友跟你坐同辆火车来的。2. 作主语。如：The same can be seen if you do the experiment once again 如果你再做一次实验，结果还是一样的。3. 作宾语。如：We must all say the same 我们说的必须一致。4. 作表语。如：Its all the same to me 对我来说都一样。so 作宾语和表语的用法 1. 作宾语。

13、如：I will write today. 我今天写。Do so 就这样做。2. 作表语。如：It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。So it was. 确实如此。3. so 常可用在省略句中。如：I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。Why so?=Why is that so? 为什么？4. so 常置于句首，引导倒装句。如：Oh!Ive finished. 噢！我完成了。So have I7我也是。this, these, that, those 的用法1. this（复数形式是 these）是指时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that（复数形式是 those

14、）是指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。如：This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black. 这位是史密斯先生，那位是布莱克先生。These are jeeps. Those are trucks. 这些是吉普车。那些是卡车。2. that/those 有时用来代替前面说过的名词，以避免重复。如：The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that（=the weather） in Beijing. 上海的天气没有北京那么冷。The apples in this basket are bigger than those

15、in that basket.这只篮子里的苹果比那只篮子里的苹果大。四、不定代词概念 不明确指代某个人或事物、某些人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词主要有 all, each, every, both, either,neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no，还有由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。8one 的用法 1. 指不定人称时，表人，意为“一个人；人人” ，其反身代词为oneself，物主代词为 o

16、nes。如：One has to do ones best. 人人都要尽力而为。2. 代替前面出现过的可数名词，以免出现重复，复数形式为 ones，可与冠词连用，可以有自己的定语。如：Please pass me the book， the one on the top shelf 帮我递下那本书，在顶层架子上。some 与 any 的用法区别1. some 和 any 都可在句中作主语、宾语和定语。some 常用在肯定句中，any 常用在疑问句和否定句中。如：My son needs some color paper. Have you got any? 我儿子需要一些彩纸。你有吗？2. a

17、ny 用于肯定句，表示强调，意为“任何” 。如：Any student can ask me any question atany time 任何学生在任意时间都可以问我任何问题。3. some 也可用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。如：Would you like some coffee? 你要一些咖啡吗？another, other, others, the other 与the others的用法区别1. another（=an other）表示“别的；另一个” ，泛指众多中的一个，一般后面接单数名词，前不加定冠词。如：This book is too diff

18、icult for me. Will you please give me another one? 这本书对我来说太难了。你能给我另一本吗？2. the other 表示“两个中的一个” ，常与 one 连用。如： I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue 我有两支铅笔。一支是红的，另一支是蓝的。3. other+复数名词=others（别的） 。如：Some are listening to the radio. Others are9watching TV 一些在听广播。别的在看电视。4. the other+复数名词=the o

19、thers（其余的，相当于 the rest） ，指剩下的全部。如：Someof the students are from the north. The others（=The other students） are from the south 一些学生来自北方。其余的都来自南方。every 和 each 的用法区别：都是“每一个”的意思，形式上都是单数1. every 只能作定语，而 each 兼有形容词和名词的作用，可作主语、定语、宾语和同位语。如：Each of the stories is very interesting.=Every/Each story is very int

20、eresting.每个故事都很有趣。2. 从数量上看，each 用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个，而every 则指三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个。如：There are trees on each side of the road. 马路两旁都有树。 （此处不能用every 代替）neither, none 与either 的用法区别neither 指两者中的任何一个都不，是单数；none 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个都不，可以表示单数也可以表示复数；either 指两个中的任何一个，有肯定意义。如：Which would you like, tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡

21、？ Neither. Water, please. 都不要，水就行了。None of them have/has been to America. 他们都没去过美国。Which would you like, tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡？Either is OK. 任何一个都行。little, a little, few 和 a few 的用法区little, few 表示“很少；很少几个 ”，含否定意义。a little, a few 表示“有些；有几个” ，含肯定意义。little, a little 修饰或10别 代替不可数名词，few, a few 修饰或代替可数名词

22、，它们可在句中作主语、宾语和定语。如：Little （A little） has been done to prevent the air from being polluted.没有采取什么措施（采取了一些措施）来防止空气受到污染。 （作主语）Few （A few） of them know German. 他们中没几个（有几个）会德语。 （作主语）something, anything,nothing 与 everything及 somebody, anybody, nobody 与everybody 的用法区别1. 这些不定代词均为复合不定代词，something, anything,

23、nothing 和 everything 指物，它们在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。something 和 anything 指“某物” ，它们的区别与 some 和any 的区别相同。nothing 表示否定含义。而 everything 则表示“每件事物” 。2. somebody, anybody, nobody 和 everybody 用以指人。它们中的body 均可改为 one，它们的用法与 something, anything, nothing和 everything 的用法相同。所有复合不定代词被形容词修饰时形容词应放在它们之后。如：Do you have anything

24、 important to say for yourself? 你有什么重要的事情要为你自己辩白的吗？Nothing except sorry. 除了“对不起”之外，没什么好说的。Someone is talking in class. Lets ask them to stop. 有人在课堂上说话。我们叫他们停下来吧。【活学活用】11根据首字母提示完成句子。1. I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information but found n_.2. I was looking for a birthday gift for my

25、 mother, but I couldnt find a_ suitable.3. Do you have toys? Id like to buy o_ for my little brother.4. You can take e_ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.5. I dont like these shoes. Would you please show mea_ pair?五、疑问代词概念 疑问代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, what，它们用来构成特殊疑问句，位于句首

26、。用法 1. who, whom 都表示“谁” ，作主语时用 who，作宾语时用 whom。who 在特殊疑问句中可以代替whom，当疑问词作介词宾语，且介词又置于句首时，只能用 whom。whose 通常不能单独使用，常用在名词前作定语。如：Whose shoes are these? 这些是谁的鞋？Who is standing there? 谁站在那儿？Who（Whom） are you waiting for? 你在等谁？With whom did you talk just now? 你刚才和谁谈话了？2. which, what 在特殊疑问句中作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。如：W

27、hich class are you in? 你在哪个班？12What map is this? 这是一幅什么地图？【活学活用】用适当的疑问代词填空。1. Hi, Jack!A dictionary is on the teachers desk. is it?I think its Marys. Because her name is on the dictionary.2. _ bus should I take to the museum?The No. 3 bus. The bus stop is over there.连 词概念 连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的词叫连词。分类并

28、列连词1. 并列关系连接两个并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词。常见的有：and, or, as well as, not only.but also., either.or., both.and., neither.nor.等。（1）both.and.连接两个主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：Both he and I are students 他和我都是学生。（2）not only.but also.连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致，即就近原则。如：Not only he but also I am a student 不仅他，我也是学生。注：not only.but also

29、.引导的句子可转换成 as well as 连接的句子。如：The cat is not only naughty butalso cute.=The cat is cute as well as naughty 这只猫不仅顽皮，也很可爱。13（3）neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is right 你和他都不对。（4）as well as 与主语连用时，其谓语动词应与其前面的主语在数上保持一致。如：He as well as I is a student 他是一名学生，我也是。2. 转折关系表示两个概念彼此

30、之间有转折关系。常见的有：but, yet, while, however 等。如：Money is important, but it cant buy everything 钱很重要，但买不到一切。3. 选择关系表示两者之间选择其一。常见的有：either.or., or, or else 等。如：Either you or he is right. （就近原则） 要么你对，要么他对。Be quick, or you will miss the bus. 快点，否则你将错过这班车。概念 从属连词是连接状语从句、宾语从句以及其他从句的连词。从属连词引导状语从句的连词1. 连接时间状语从句的连

31、词有：when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, before, after 等。如：Ill call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。2. 连接原因状语从句的连词有：because, as, since, for 等。如：He was late because the traffic was heavy. 因为交通拥挤，所以他迟到了。3. 连接条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等。如：The old man will go for a walk every day unless

32、it rains heavily. 除非天下大雨，否则这位老人每天要去散步。4. 连接结果状语从句的连词有： so.that, such.that 等。如：She was so busy that she had no time to make a dress for the party. 她如此忙14以至于没时间为聚会做一条裙子。5. 连接让步状语从句的连词有： though, although, however 等。如：He went to school as usual though he was ill. 虽然他生病了，但他还是照常去上学。6. 连接目的状语从句的连词有：that, s

33、o that, in order that 等。如：They got up early so that they could catch the early bus. 他们早早起床以便能赶上早班车。7. 连接比较状语从句的连词有： than, as/so.as 等。如： Im taller than she is. 我比她高。8. 连接方式状语从句的连词有：as, as if, as though 等。如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 他说话的口气好像他全部都已经知道了。引导宾语从句的连词1. that 连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。如：I did

34、nt know that Mr. Zhang was our newEnglish teacher. 我不知道张老师是我们新的英语老师。2. who, whom, what, which, whose, when, where, why, how 连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。如：I asked my mother what gift she would give me on my birthday. 我问妈妈在我生日时她会给我什么礼物。3. if, whether 连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。如：I asked him if he would like togo to the

35、movies with me. 我问他是否愿意和我一起去看电影。不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词1. because, so 不能同时在一个句子里，只用其一，汉语翻译仍然是“因为所以” 。如：Everyone in our school knew him, so we had no trouble in finding him.=Because everyone in our school knew him, we had no trouble in finding him. 因为我们学校每个人都认识他，所以没费一点事就找到了他。152. though（although）, but 不能同时出现

36、在一个句子里，只用其一即可，汉语仍译为“虽然但是” 。但 though 可以和 yet 同时出现在一个句子中，这里的 yet 是副词，不是连词。如：Though Australia is very large, the population is quite small.=Australia is very large, but the population is quite small.=Though Australia is very large, yet the population is quite small. 虽然澳大利亚地广，但人口稀少。【活学活用】用适当的连词填空。1. Nob

37、ody knows_ he will come to join us or not.2. Jessi is reading in the study_ her sister Carol is watching TV in the living room.3. Write clearly_ your teacher can understand you correctly.4. The child has studied English for two years_ he went to middle school.5._ they want to stay with us, my mother

38、 can cook for them.当堂检测一、用适当的连词或代词填空。1. （2018金华、丽水）He gives lessons to_ （he）students about American history.2. Whose is this T-shirt?Its_ , the girl under the tree.3. Are there any American students in your sisters class?No,_ of them is from the USA.164. We have made_ a rule to read aloud in the mor

39、ning.5. Which would you like, tea or coffee?_ is OK. I dont mind.6. Sam and Henry play football very well. We hope of them can join our team.7. （2017 丽水中考）Ive been busy with the course and making new friends_ I got here.8. It was still very crowded at the bus station,_ there was a bus every five min

40、utes.9. I am writing to you_ Im afraid to talk about it face to face.10. Father wont allow me to play outside_ I wash up the dishes.二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。（2018永嘉中考模拟）Pascal Pich is an old and great athlete. He has got1_（几个） records to his name. This May, he com-pleted the longest and

41、shortest race of his careerover 3,000 kilometers pedalled on an unmoving bike.Being 2_（疯狂的） is the way he managed to deal with the challenge. He succeeded in 3_（骑） around 600 kilometers a day on an unmoving bike with little sleep. Only 120 to 180 4_（分钟） of sleep a day made it possible to shorten the

42、 time.Pascal already holds the world record for the longest distance pedalled on an unmoving bike in six days, 5（在之后） completing a 2,878-km journey last year. So why did he take on a challenge to beat his own record so soon? Because in 6_（四月）, a Canadian had beaten two of his ten records, the longes

43、t distance traveled on an unmoving bike in 70 hours and in 128 hours. Pascal 7_（决定） he had to take back what was his.17Pascal Pich started his six-day challenge on May 2 and finished on May 7. A new record for the longest distance pedalled in six days 8_（设立） successfully. “It proves that at the age

44、of 53, I can complete at a high 9_（水平）,” he said. “As long as I can perform, I 10_（仍然） havent found the limits of my body.”18参考答案课堂突破代词一、1. mine 2. yours 3. her 4. He 5. Its二、1. itself 2. yourselves 3. himself 4. ourselves四、1. none/nothing 2. anything 3. one 4. either5. another五、1. Whose 2. Which连词1. whether 2. while 3. so that 4. since 2. 5. If当堂检测一、1. his 2. hers 3. none 4. it 5. Either 6. both 7. since 8. although/though 9. because 10. unless二、1. several 2. crazy 3. riding 4. minutes 5. after 6. April 7. decided 8. was set 9. level 10. still19