UL 1446-2016 UL Standard for Safety Systems of Insulating Materials C General (Seventh Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Including July 18 2017).pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 1446 Systems of Insulating Materials General STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATER

2、IAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Systems of Insulating Materials General, UL 1446 Seventh Edition, Dated November 11, 2016 Summary of Topics This new edition of UL 1446 reects the latest approval date as an ANS and incl

3、udes the following changes in requirements: Clarication of the terms magnet wire and enameled magnet wire. Harmonization of ovens used for thermal aging in UL 1446. Clarication of the terms encapsulant and potting compound. Clarication of the terms phase insulation and interwinding insulation. Addit

4、ion of IEC winding wire insulations to Appendix A. The new and revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated September 23, 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form

5、by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In n

6、o event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised

7、 of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any los

8、s, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. NOVEMBER 11, 2016 UL 1446 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHE

9、R REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 11, 2016 UL 1446 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 11, 2016 1 UL 1446 Standard for Systems of Insulating Materials General Firs

10、t Edition June, 1978 Second Edition June, 1980 Third Edition January, 1991 Fourth Edition December, 1994 Fifth Edition May, 1997 Sixth Edition February, 2007 Seventh Edition November 11, 2016 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Seventh Edition. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 144

11、6 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on November 11, 2016. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages and Title Page. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted v

12、ia a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at https:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regardi

13、ng those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2016 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 1446-2016UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 11, 2016 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL -

14、 UL 1446 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .5 2 Units of Measurement .5 3 References .5 4 Glossary .7 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 5 Insulation Systems .10 5.1 General 10 5.2 EIS comp

15、onents 11 PERFORMANCE TESTS 6 Electrical Insulation Systems Full Thermal Aging .12 6.1 General 12 6.2 Samples .12 6.3 Exposures 14 6.4 Diagnostic tests determination of end of test-life .16 6.5 Analysis and evaluation 17 MARKING 7 Details 21 SUPPLEMENT SA - Substitutions or Modication to an Electric

16、al Insulation System INTRODUCTION SA1 Scope SA1 SA2 General SA1 SA3 Non-Electrical Insulating Materials (NIM) Components .SA1 SA4 Magnet Wire and Winding Wire .SA1 SA4.1 General SA1 SA4.2 Non-bondable magnet wire .SA2 SA4.3 Bondable magnet wire .SA3 SA4.4 Non-enamel coated conductors .SA4 SA4.5 Non-

17、enamel insulated winding wire SA4 SA5 Varnish .SA4 SA5.1 Substitute varnish .SA4 SA5.2 Addition of varnishes to systems originally evaluated without a varnish SA6 SA6 Encapsulants, Ground, and Interwinding Insulation SA6 PERFORMANCE TESTS SA7 Insulation Systems - One Temperature Thermal Aging .SA8 N

18、OVEMBER 11, 2016 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL SA7.1 General SA8 SA7.2 Samples, exposures, and tests .SA8 SA7.3 Analysis and evaluation SA9 SA8 Insulation Systems Two Tempe

19、rature Thermal Aging .SA11 SA8.1 General .SA11 SA8.2 Samples, exposures, and tests SA11 SA8.3 Analysis and evaluation .SA11 SA9 Sealed Tube Chemical Compatibility Test .SA13 SA9.1 General .SA13 SA9.2 Glossary SA13 SA9.3 Samples SA13 SA9.4 Conditioning .SA14 SA9.5 Interpretation of results of non-bon

20、dable wire SA15 SA9.6 Interpretation of results for bondable wire .SA15 SA10 Infrared Analysis Tests .SA16 SUPPLEMENT SB - Magnet Wire and Magnet Wire Coatings INTRODUCTION SB1 Scope SB1 SB2 Magnet Wire Coatings SB1 SB3 Magnet Wire Evaluation SB2 PERFORMANCE TESTS SB4 Magnet Wire Coatings/Magnet Wir

21、es .SB3 SUPPLEMENT SC - Varnishes and Impregnating Resins INTRODUCTION SC1 Scope SC1 SC2 Varnishes SC1 SC3 Varnishes Thermal Aging .SC2 APPENDIX A Information for Magnet Wire Substitution NOVEMBER 11, 2016 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR

22、FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover test procedures to be used in the evaluation of Class 120(E) or higher electrical insulation systems (EIS) where the thermal factor is the dominating aging factor. These requirements als

23、o cover the investigation of the substitution of non-electrical insulating materials (NIM) components of insulation in a previously evaluated insulation system and also the test procedures to be used in the evaluation of magnet wire coatings, magnet wires, and varnishes. 1.2 These requirements for t

24、he evaluation of an EIS do not establish thermal ratings for/or alter established thermal ratings for individual components. 1.3 These requirements do not cover insulation systems exposed to radiation or operating in oils, refrigerants, soaps, or other media that potentially degrade insulating mater

25、ials. 1.4 When any performance aspect of an end-product requirement is not covered by this standard, the applicable standard shall be used. 1.5 These requirements do not cover electrical insulation systems where transient overvoltages or partial discharge are present. Such electrical insulation syst

26、ems shall be evaluated to the appropriate standard for the application. Such standards include, but are not limited to the Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Dry-Type Power and Distribution Transformers, Including Open-Wound, Solid-Cast, and Resin-Encapsulated Transforme

27、rs, IEEE C57.12.60. 2 Units of Measurement 2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 3 References 3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as

28、referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3.2 IEC test methods are the preferred test methods with the ASTM methods presented as technically equivalent except where noted in Table 3.1. If a designation for a test method is followed by an alternate or equivalent designation, in bracke

29、ts, the latter method can be considered technically equivalent, though not necessarily identical, and might yield somewhat different numerical test results. NOVEMBER 11, 2016 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIB

30、UTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Table 3.1 Test methods ASTM Standards ASTM D1676, Standard Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire ASTM D2307, Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-Insulated Round Magnet Wire ASTM D2519, Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Electrical Insulati

31、ng Varnishes by the Helical Coil Test ASTM D3145, Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Electrical Insulating Varnishes by the Helical Coil Method ASTM D3251, Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance Characteristics of Electrical Insulating Varnishes Applied Over Film-Insulated Magnet Wire

32、 ASTM D5642, Standard Test Method for Sealed Tube Chemical Compatibility Test ASTM E178, Standard Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations IEC Standards IEC 60172, Test Procedure for the Determination of the Temperature Index of Enamelled and Tape Wrapped Winding Wires ASTM D2307, Standard Te

33、st Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-Insulated Round Magnet Wire IEC 60317, Specications for Particular Types of Winding Wires (all parts) ASTM D1676, Standard Test Methods for Film- Insulated Magnet Wire IEC 60455-2, Resin Based Reactive Compounds Used for Electrical Insulation Part 2: Methods o

34、f Test IEC 60455-3, Resin Based Reactive Compounds Used for Electrical Insulation Part 3: Specications for Individual Materials (all sheets for individual resins) ASTM D3251, Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance Characteristics of Electrical Insulating Varnishes Applied Over Film-Insulated Mag

35、net Wire IEC 60493-1, Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Ageing Test Data Part 1: Methods Based on Mean Values of Normally Distributed Test Results IEC TR 60493-2, Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Ageing Test Data Part 2: Validation of Procedures for Statistical Analysis of Censored Normally

36、 Distributed Data ASTM E178, Standard Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations IEC 60851, Winding Wires Test Method (all parts) IEC 61033, Test Methods for the Determination of Bond Strength of Impregnating Agents to an Enamelled Wire Substrate ASTM D2519, Standard Test Method for Bond Streng

37、th of Electrical Insulating Varnishes by the Helical Coil Test IEC 61857, Electrical Insulation Systems Procedures for Thermal Evaluation (all parts) IEC 61858-1, Electrical Insulation Systems Thermal Evaluation of Modications to an Established Electrical Insulation System (EIS) Part 1: Wire-Wound W

38、inding EIS ASTM D5642, Standard Test Method for Sealed Tube Chemical Compatibility Test IEEE Standards IEEE 1, Recommended Practice General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment and for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation IEEE 99, Recommended Practice for the Pr

39、eparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electric Equipment IEEE 101, Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data NEMA Standards NEMA MW 1000, Magnet Wire NOVEMBER 11, 2016 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 6UL COPYRIGHTED MAT

40、ERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4 Glossary 4.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following denitions apply: 4.2 APPARENT THERMAL INDEX The unadjusted thermal index of an insulation system derived from a regression analysis of that systems

41、thermal aging data, usually higher in value than the systems rated temperature class. 4.3 CATALYST A substance that alters (usually increases) the rate at which a reaction occurs without being consumed into the reaction. 4.4 CURING AGENT A substance or mixture of substances that promote or control t

42、he reaction process and is consumed in the reaction. 4.5 CYCLE A time period of heat exposure, which is used to induce deterioration at the specic aging temperature, followed by conditioning and diagnostic testing. 4.6 DEAD METAL Metallic part that is at no electrical potential. With respect to the

43、requirements in this Standard, dead metal parts are to be considered the same as if they were at ground potential. 4.7 EIS ELECTRICAL INSULATION SYSTEM Electrical insulating structure containing one or more electrical insulating materials (EIM) together with associated conducting parts employed in a

44、n electrotechnical device. 4.8 ELECTRICAL INSULATION SYSTEM CLASS An agreed upon classication; refer to 6.5.5(c). 4.9 GENERAL PURPOSE MODEL (GPM) A unit constructed in accordance with the specications in the Standard for Electrical Insulation Systems Procedures for Thermal Evaluation Part 1: General

45、 Requirements Low-Voltage, IEC 61857-1, with specic description of the GPM in the Standard for Electrical Insulation Systems Procedures for Thermal Evaluation Part 21: Specic Requirements for General-Purpose Models Wire-Wound Applications, IEC 61857-21, except that: a) The slot assembly, comprised o

46、f both inner and outer slot plates, shall be constructed of stainless steel; and Exception: When stainless steel is not able to be used due to difficulty in material adhesion, such as an epoxy coating, or similar problem, cold rolled steel is able to be used. b) The magnet wire shall be 18 AWG (0.82

47、 mm 2 ) unless unavailable, in which case any wire size 18 AWG 24 AWG (0.20 mm 2 ) is able to be used. 4.10 GEOMETRIC MEAN The n th root of the product of n values. Mathematically will result in the same value as the log average. 4.11 LOG AVERAGE The antilog of the quotient, dened as the sum of the

48、logs as the dividend, divided by the number of values as the divisor. Preferred method for calculating life but mathematically will result in the same value as the geometric mean. NOVEMBER 11, 2016 SYSTEMS OF INSULATING MATERIALS GENERAL - UL 1446 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

49、REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4.12 SAMPLE Actual electrotechnical products, components thereof, or non-functional models representing the product, e.g. general purpose model (GPM), used in the evaluation of an insulation system. 4.13 SYSTEM An insulation system. See 4.7. 4.14 SYSTEM COMPONENTS Grouped as follows: a) ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIAL (EIM) (also known as Major Compone