TIA-156-A-2007 Land Mobile Radio Antenna Systems Minimum Standards for RF Signal Booster《RF信号放大器陆地无线电天线系统最小标准》.pdf

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1、 TIA STANDARD Land Mobile Radio Antenna Systems Minimum Standards for RF Signal BoosterTIA-156-A (Revision of TIA-156-A)June 2007 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic Industries Alliance NOTICE TIA Engineering Standar

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4、r voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any o

5、bligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practi

6、ces and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-0167-RV1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA, TR-8 Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards. TR-8.11 Subcommittee on AntennaSystems). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY AS

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13、ny licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have b

14、een complied with as respects the Document or its contents. If the Document contains one or more Normative References to a document published by another organization (“other SSO”) engaged in the formulation, development or publication of standards (whether designated as a standard, specification, re

15、commendation or otherwise), whether such reference consists of mandatory, alternate or optional elements (as defined in the TIA Engineering Manual, 4thedition) then (i) TIA disclaims any duty or obligation to search or investigate the records of any other SSO for IPR or letters of assurance relating

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18、 of compliance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NONINFRINGEM

19、ENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF

20、 THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL

21、 INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SU

22、CH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-156-A - i - FOREWORD This Standard was prepared by TIA Working Group WG-8.11.7 and was approved by TIA Engineering

23、Subcommittee TR-8.11. (This foreword is not part of this Standard.) TIA-156-A INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NOTE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this Standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this Standard, no position

24、is taken with respect to the scope or validity of such patent claims or of any patent rights in connection therewith. TIA-156-A - iii - Table of Contents 1 SCOPE . 1 1.1 GENERAL DEFINITIONS . 1 1.1.1 Signal Booster. 1 1.1.2 FCC Class A. 1 1.1.3 FCC Class B. 1 1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 2 2 OBJECTIVE 3 3

25、SIGNAL BOOSTER ARCHITECTURE 4 3.1 FCC CLASS A 4 3.2 FCC CLASS B 4 3.3 BI-DIRECTIONAL . 4 3.4 UNI-DIRECTIONAL . 4 3.5 HYBRID SIGNAL BOOSTER CONFIGURATION . 4 3.6 MULTI-CARRIER AMPLIFIER . 4 3.7 SINGLE-CARRIER AMPLIFIER 4 4 ELECTRICAL STANDARDS. 5 4.1 RF OUTPUT POWER. 5 4.1.1 Definitions 5 4.1.1.1 Mul

26、ti-Carrier Booster Amplifiers . 5 4.1.1.2 Single Carrier Booster Amplifiers 5 4.1.2 Methods of measurement 5 4.1.3 Presentation of Results . 6 4.2 GAIN . 6 4.2.1 Definitions 6 4.2.1.1 Gain 6 4.2.1.2 Maximum Gain. 6 4.2.1.3 Minimum Gain . 6 4.2.2 Method of Measurement . 6 4.2.3 Presentation of Result

27、s . 6 4.3 FIXED GAIN CONTROL. 6 4.3.1 Presentation of Results . 6 4.4 GAIN RIPPLE 7 4.4.1 Passband Ripple . 7 4.4.2 Channel Ripple . 7 4.4.3 Method of Determination 7 4.4.4 Presentation of Results . 7 4.5 AUTOMATIC GAIN ADJUSTMENT. 7 4.5.1 Specification Units 7 4.5.1.1 Attack Time 7 4.5.1.2 Release

28、Time 8 4.5.1.3 Settling Time 8 4.5.1.4 Hysteresis . 8 4.5.2 Measurement Conditions 8 4.6 NOISE POWER AND NOISE POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY. 8 4.6.1 Definitions 8 4.6.1.1 Noise Power 8 4.6.1.2 Noise Power Spectral Density 8 TIA-156-A 4.6.2 Method of Measurement . 8 4.6.3 Presentation of Results . 8 4.7 MA

29、XIMUM CONTINUOUS INPUT SIGNAL LEVEL 9 4.7.1 Method of Determination 9 4.7.2 Presentation of Results . 9 4.8 MAXIMUM DIGITAL INPUT SIGNAL LEVEL 9 4.8.1 Method of Measurement . 9 4.8.2 Presentation of Results . 9 4.9 MINIMUM USABLE SIGNAL LEVEL 9 4.9.1 Method of Measurement . 10 4.9.1.1 Analog 10 4.9.

30、1.2 Digital. 10 4.9.2 Presentation of Results .10 4.10 GROUP DELAY, GROUP DELAY VARIATION i.e. not in or on the verge of oscillation. 4.2.1.3 Minimum Gain The lowest rated operational gain with all supplied attenuation in-circuit and/or with the maximum allowable number of amplifier stages bypassed.

31、 4.2.2 Method of Measurement Gain shall be measured with a calibrated signal generator and spectrum analyzer over the passband(s) of the signal booster in both uplink and downlink. 4.2.3 Presentation of Results Maximum and minimum gain and any gain variation over the operating bandwidth shall be sta

32、ted in dB for uplink and downlink. 4.3 Fixed Gain Control The amount and method of fixed gain control available shall be stated. 4.3.1 Presentation of Results Supplied Fixed gain control shall be specified in dB attenuation below full gain, along with the method of control, e.g., programmable attenu

33、ator, fixed attenuators, manual step attenuator, amplifier bypass. TIA-156-A - 7 - 4.4 Gain Ripple Any variation in the gain characteristics of the booster attributable to amplifier or filter characteristics shall be identified and stated. 4.4.1 Passband Ripple Peak-to-peak gain variation caused by

34、discrete filters as used in broadband boosters or the main input/output filters of channelized boosters is defined as Passband Ripple. 4.4.2 Channel Ripple Peak-to-peak gain variation caused by narrower circuit elements that lie between the main input/output filters of a channelized booster is defin

35、ed as Channel Ripple. 4.4.3 Method of Determination Ripple shall be determined as a plus and minus value from an arithmetic mean value over the passband or channel. 4.4.4 Presentation of Results Maximum passband and channel ripple (if applicable) shall be stated in dB, with separate values for uplin

36、k and downlink if they differ. 4.5 Automatic Gain Adjustment Various methods of automatic gain adjustment (e.g., OLC, AGC, ALC) may be employed to protect the amplifier circuitry from overload, limit output power, and minimize intermodulation products or a combination of any or all of these. It may

37、be designed into the uplink, downlink or both. 4.5.1 Specification Units Automatic gain adjustment, if used, shall be specified as the maximum value of attenuation from the maximum gain setting, in dB. The Hysteresis, in dB, as well as the attack, settling and release times, in seconds, shall also b

38、e specified. 4.5.1.1 Attack Time Attack time is defined as the average amount of time it takes for the circuitry to adjust the booster gain to the desired level after application of a signal 10 dB above the threshold level and will include the settling time. TIA-156-A 4.5.1.2 Release Time Release ti

39、me is defined as the average amount of time it takes for the circuitry to return the booster gain to its original level after returning the input signal to its original level and will include the settling time. 4.5.1.3 Settling Time Settling time is defined as the average amount of time it takes for

40、 any quasi-sinusoidal variations in gain due to gain adjustment control circuitry to dampen within 0.5 dB of the final value. 4.5.1.4 Hysteresis Hysteresis is defined as the dB change in input level minus x, required to change the output level x dB, where x is the attenuation step value or 1 dB, whi

41、chever is less. 4.5.2 Measurement Conditions Measurements shall be made with unmodulated (CW) signals. 4.6 Noise Power and Noise Power Spectral Density 4.6.1 Definitions 4.6.1.1 Noise Power Noise Power is the average amount of noise conducted from the output of a power amplifier. 4.6.1.2 Noise Power

42、 Spectral Density Noise Power Spectral Density is calculated by dividing the Noise Power by the Equivalent Noise Bandwidth and is typically specified in dBm/Hz. 4.6.2 Method of Measurement Noise power can be directly measured with a spectrum analyzer over a particular bandwidth within the passband(s

43、) of the booster. The input and output shall be terminated into 50 Ohms. The displayed noise amplitude in dBm divided by the measurement bandwidth (Equivalent Noise Bandwidth) results in the Noise Power Spectral Density in dBm/Hz. 4.6.3 Presentation of Results The noise power at minimum and maximum

44、gains for both uplink and downlink amplification paths shall be stated in dBm/Hz. TIA-156-A - 9 - 4.7 Maximum Continuous Input Signal Level This is defined as the maximum CW RF signal level that will not cause damage to the circuitry when the booster is in operation. 4.7.1 Method of Determination Th

45、is is normally determined by the rating of the components used in the lowest-level amplifier circuit. 4.7.2 Presentation of Results Maximum continuous input signal level in dBm shall be stated for downlink and uplink at the RF connectors. 4.8 Maximum Digital Input Signal Level This is defined by the

46、 maximum peak component of a complex (digital) signal that will be amplified by the booster without distortion or degradation of the Bit Error Rate (BER). This specification may vary depending upon the specific digital modulation waveform characteristic or type of modulation used. 4.8.1 Method of Me

47、asurement The maximum peak input signal level is determined by exciting the signal booster (adjusted to its normal operating conditions) with a signal generator modulated with the specified digital waveform and increasing this signal level while measuring BER at the booster output. The input signal

48、level threshold at which the BER increases by 1% is specified as the Maximum Digital Input Signal Level. Measurements shall be made for each digital modulation waveform with which the booster model will be expected to operate. The signal level shall be measured as an average power, unless specified

49、otherwise by another standard. 4.8.2 Presentation of Results The Maximum Digital Input Signal Level in dBm shall be stated for downlink and uplink at the RF connectors for all digital modulation types expected to be amplified by the model being specified. 4.9 Minimum Usable Signal Level The minimum usable signal level is defined as an input signal that will cause an output level 10 dB above the signal booster noise floor (in one channel bandwidth) for an analog system, or a minimum usable BER (stated in dB above noise) as specified by the system radio equipment manufacturer