SANS 23814-2009 Cranes - Competency requirements for crane inspectors《起重机 起重机检查员用能力要求》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23413-3 SANS 23814:2009Edition 1ISO 23814:2009Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Cranes Competency requirements for crane inspectors

4、 This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 23814:2009 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 156

5、8 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 23814:2009 Edition 1 ISO 23814:2009 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 96, Cranes, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex

6、3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2009. Reference numberISO 23814:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO23814First edition2009-01-15Cranes Competency requirements for crane inspectors Appareils de levage charge suspendue Exigences relatives aux comptences pou

7、r les inspecteurs dappareils de levage charge suspendue SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy,

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11、ion may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 2

12、0 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedSANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All right

13、s reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject

14、 for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

15、on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees

16、 are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be hel

17、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23814 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 5, Use, operation and maintenance. SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .IS

18、O 23814:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction The objective of this International Standard is to achieve uniform competency standards for work involving crane inspectors. In some countries there may be additional authority requirements for the competency of crane inspectors that cannot

19、 be ignored. Typically affected by this are aspects related to accreditation (certification). SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Cranes Compete

20、ncy requirements for crane inspectors 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the competency required for persons who carry out periodic, exceptional, alteration and thorough inspections of cranes. It excludes the inspection and checks performed by crane operators and maintenance personnel. 2

21、Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabular

22、y Part 1: General ISO 4310, Cranes Test code and procedures ISO 9927 (all parts), Cranes Inspections ISO/IEC 17020, General criteria for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Ter

23、ms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1, ISO 4310, ISO/IEC 17020 and ISO/IEC 17025, and the following, apply. 3.1 crane inspector person with the necessary knowledge and experience to perform the specific crane inspection in accordance with

24、 this International Standard NOTE Annex A recommends categories of crane inspectors. SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved4 Requirements 4.1 Independence, impartiality

25、and integrity Inspectors shall be free from any commercial, financial and other pressures which could affect their findings (see also ISO/IEC 17020 and ISO/IEC 17025). 4.2 Technical knowledge Crane inspectors shall possess the technical knowledge of the following items and practical techniques for c

26、rane inspection as applicable (see Annex B for performance criteria): a) parts of cranes to be inspected, e.g. structural members and driving mechanism, mechanical elements, safety devices and their accessories, brakes and clutches, wire ropes; b) electrical machines, equipment and control system; c

27、) internal combustion engine and hydraulic system; d) material and strength requirements for parts of cranes and wire ropes; e) national legislation related to cranes and of International Standards related to cranes; f) inspection techniques, e.g. non-destructive testing; g) maintenance requirements

28、; h) basic crane operation (driving/operating techniques); i) documenting and recording systems and requirements; j) safety requirements during inspection; k) load test requirements. 4.3 Experience requirements The crane inspector shall possess practical skills to facilitate crane inspection procedu

29、res. The skills may be gained from any or a combination of experience with crane design, manufacture, installation, maintenance or operation. 4.4 Techniques for crane inspection Crane inspectors shall be competent in inspecting cranes and crane components in accordance with ISO 9927, as applicable t

30、o the type of crane. SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 35 Training of crane inspectors Accredited training organizations or persons may provide training in the knowle

31、dge and skills according to 4.2 and 4.3, or only in those aspects of these subclauses in which the crane inspector will be engaged to inspect. The crane inspector shall update his knowledge and skills as required by innovation and new systems. NOTE The crane inspectors original training or education

32、 could be professional, technical or operational. The knowledge and skills of each can form a basis of training for inspection personnel. However, competence can be achieved in inspection work by means of additional appropriate training for the scope of inspections required of the inspector. The cra

33、ne inspector could be required to perform a limited scope of inspections on cranes and therefore need only show competency in that scope of inspection work. SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) 4 IS

34、O 2009 All rights reservedAnnex A (informative) Recommended crane inspector categories The following categories are recommended: a) tyre-mounted mobile crane inspector; b) crawler-mounted mobile crane inspector; c) tower crane inspector; d) jib crane inspector; e) bridge and gantry crane inspector;

35、f) inspector for other specific types of crane for which the inspector has been given training. SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5Annex B (informative) Performance c

36、riteria for technical knowledge See Table B.1. Table B.1 Performance criteria related to technical knowledge Item (see 4.2) Performance criteriaa) Parts of cranes to be inspected Knowledge of 1) structural members: corrosion limits alignment and distortion tolerances repair processes in general 2) m

37、echanisms and mechanical elements: fits and tolerances alignment installation processes servicing and maintenance records, manufacturers requirements 3) safety devices: where required or recommended tolerance of accuracy methods of installation servicing and maintenance records, manufacturers requir

38、ements 4) brakes and clutches: types available limits of wear adjust methods 5) wire rope systems: application of different rope constructions verifying wire rope strength D/d ratios for sheaves to ropes installation, alignment and running of reeved systems discard criteria for wire ropes wear and d

39、eterioration limits of sheaves inspection procedures servicing and maintenance requirements b) Electrical machines, equipment and control system Knowledge of 1) electrical wiring diagrams 2) installation of motors, generators and wiring 3) servicing and maintenance procedures SANS 23814:2009This s t

40、andard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reservedTable 1 (continued) Item (see 4.2) Performance criteria c) Internal combustion engine and hydraulic system Knowledge of 1) internal combustion engines: kn

41、owledge of internal combustion engine cycles installation methods and limitation of vibration defects and causes servicing and maintenance 2) hydraulic systems: fluid flow types of pumps and their control systems types of system controls and their application ability to demonstrate reading of hydrau

42、lic circuit diagrams system filtering and cleanliness the operation of the system components common system faults d) Material and strength requirements for parts of cranes and wire ropes strength Basic knowledge of materials, their composition, structure and strength e) National legislation related

43、to cranes and International Standards related to cranes Working knowledge of 1) national, local and other legal requirements 2) national, local and international standards f) Inspection techniques, e.g. non-destructive testing 1) Working knowledge of the procedures and appropriate application of met

44、hods of non-destructive examination such as dye penetrant ultrasonic magnetic particle X-ray eddy current 2) Ability to interpret a non-destructive examination report g) Maintenance requirements Knowledge of maintenance required for specific type of cranes in terms of ISO 23815-1 h) Basic crane oper

45、ation Knowledge of application and reading of the rated capacity chart site and crane hazards encountered during operation and the hazard control measures start-up and shut-down procedures how power is applied to the mechanisms operation techniques i) Documenting and recording systems and requiremen

46、ts Knowledge of information to be recorded j) Safety requirements during inspection Knowledge of 1) workplace hazards and the hazard control measures 2) safety devices available to be used during inspections k) Load test requirements Knowledge of 1) purpose, limitations and procedures of load testin

47、g 2) design characteristics and procedures 3) acceptance criteria for load testing SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 23814:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 7Bibliography 1 ISO 12480-1, Cranes Safe use Part

48、 1: General 2 ISO 12482-1:1995, Cranes Condition monitoring Part 1: General 3 ISO 15513, Cranes Competency requirements for crane drivers (operators), slingers, signallers and assessors 4 ISO 23815-1, Cranes Maintenance Part 1: General SANS 23814:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by ap

49、proved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .This page has been left blank intentionally SABS Standards Division The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008). Amendments and Revisions South African National Standards are updated by amendment or revisi