SAE AMS 2759E-2008 Heat Treatment of Steel Parts General Requirements《钢制零件热处理的通用要求》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2759E AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2759 REV. E Issued 1984-10 Revised 2

5、008-10 Reaffirmed 2014-04 Superseding AMS2759D Heat Treatment of Steel Parts General Requirements RATIONALE AMS2759E has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This specification establishes general requirements for the processes listed in 3.3.1 for heat treatme

6、nt of steel parts (See 8.2.1) by users or their vendors or subcontractors. 1.2 Reference to AMS2759 on a drawing, fabrication order, purchase order, etc constitutes a requirement to conform to the applicable provisions of the documents listed in 3.3.1 for the heat treatment of steel parts of the par

7、ticular alloy described. Parts made from steels other than those specified in the detail specifications may be heat treated in accordance with the applicable requirements using processing temperatures, times, and other parameters recommended by the material producer unless otherwise specified by pur

8、chaser. 1.3 The conditions (temperatures, soaking times, cooling rates, etc) used by material producers, forge shops, and foundries for qualification of response to heat treatment of their products shall conform to the requirements of the specifications listed in 3.3.1. 1.4 Heat treatment of raw mat

9、erial by raw material producers, forge shops, or foundries should be in accordance with the material procurement specification. 1.5 Processes such as vacuum-furnace heat treating, flame hardening, induction through-hardening, austempering, martempering, and hot oil quenching are recognized heat trea

10、ting processes, but their requirements are not completely covered by this specification. 1.6 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not ad

11、dress the hazards that may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS275

12、9E Page 2 of 12 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When

13、 the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 72

14、4-776-4970 (outside USA and Canada), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2759/1 Heat Treatment of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Parts, Minimum Tensile Strength Below 220 ksi (1517 MPa) AMS2759/2 Heat Treatment of Low-Alloy Steel Parts, Minimum Tensile Strength 220 ksi (1517 MPa) and Higher AMS2759/3 Heat

15、 Treatment of Precipitation-Hardening Corrosion-Resistant and Maraging Steel Parts AMS2759/4 Heat Treatment of Austenitic Corrosion-Resistant Steel Parts AMS2759/5 Heat Treatment of Martensitic Corrosion-Resistant Steel Parts AMS2759/6 Gas Nitriding and Heat Treatment of Low-Alloy Steel Parts AMS275

16、9/7 Gas and Vacuum Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing-Grade Steel Parts AMS2759/8 Ion Nitriding AMS2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts AMS2759/10 Automated Gaseous Nitriding Controlled by Nitriding Potential AMS2759/11 Stress Relief of Steel Parts AMS2759/12 Gaseo

17、us Nitrocarburizing, Automatically Controlled by Potentials AMS2769 Heat Treatment of Parts in a Vacuum ARP1962 Training and Approval of Heat Treating Personnel 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-8

18、32-9598, www.astm.org. ASTM A 370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM C 848 Youngs Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poissons Ratio for Ceramic Whitewares by Resonance ASTM C 1259 Dynamic Youngs Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poissons Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration ASTM

19、E 8 / 8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 10 Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 18 Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 384 Microindentation Hardness of Materials 2.3 ANSI Publications Available from American National Standards Insti

20、tute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Equipment and Pyrometry Thermal processing equipment shall meet the requirements of AMS2750. Furnaces shall have a

21、minimum of Type D instrumentation. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2759E Page 3 of 12 3.1.1 Quenching Equipment Quench baths shall permit complete immersion of parts, shall provide for agitation of the quench media or the parts, shall be of sufficient volume to absorb the heat rejected by the most massive part

22、 to be quenched, and shall have a temperature indicator with a sensor in the quench media. Quenching baths shall be free from visible contamination that could detrimentally affect the process. Bath maintenance programs shall be established, and a system check shall be made, prior to production use t

23、o ensure the adequacy of the agitation system and that the system is designed to minimize susceptibility to agitation variations. When using polymers, a concentration control system shall be established prior to production use. 3.1.2 Auxiliary EquIpment Fixtures, jigs, hangers, trays, racks, snorkel

24、s, etc shall be employed, as needed, for proper handling of parts. Fixtures and fixture materials shall not cause contamination of parts and shall not reduce the heating, cooling, or quenching rates to less than required for correct hardening of parts. 3.1.3 Cleaning Equipment Equipment shall be pro

25、vided to clean parts before heat treatment, to remove oil from parts quenched in oil baths, and salt residue from parts heated or quenched in salt baths. When using polymer quenchants, a rinsing system shall be in place to remove quenchant from the parts. 3.1.4 Vacuum Equipment Vacuum furnaces shall

26、 meet the requirements of AMS2769. 3.1.5 Servicing and Calibration of Atmosphere Control Equipment Instrumentation used to control furnace atmosphere shall be calibrated and serviced according to manufacturers recommendation. 3.2 Quenching Media 3.2.1 When liquid quenching is required, oil, water, o

27、r polymer/water solutions may be used as specified for the alloy and temper indicated. The consistency of quench effectiveness shall be determined for each tank by testing initially and quarterly thereafter by one of the methods in 3.5.4 and comparing the results with those obtained previously by th

28、e same method. The heat treating facility shall establish control limits for each quenching system. If results indicate that a quenchant is outside the established limits, corrective action shall be taken and the tests repeated to verify restoration of the prior condition. 3.2.2 Problems, such as cr

29、acking and high residual stresses, due to an inappropriate quenchant or improperly designed system that is not appropriate for a particular alloy and configuration shall be avoided. Because of wide differences in quenching characteristics of different quenchants in different quenching systems, a que

30、nchant validation procedure shall be implemented when initially establishing the quenching procedure or when changing from one quenchant to another. 3.2.2.1 When substituting a polymer/concentration for an existing oil quenchant, the quenchant validation procedure shall ensure that the polymer and c

31、oncentration being substituted achieves cooling characteristics that are similar to the existing oil quenchant and that the properties being produced are equivalent to those for oil quenched parts (See 8.3). 3.2.3 Except when marquenching (See 8.2.3), the temperature of the quenchant shall be in the

32、 range 60 to 160 F (16 to 71 C) at the initiation of the quenching operation, and shall not exceed 200 F (93 C) at any time during the quenching operation, unless otherwise approved by the cognizant engineering organization (See 8.2.4). In addition, oil and polymer quenchants shall be used within th

33、e temperature range recommended by the product manufacturer. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2759E Page 4 of 12 3.2.4 Quench oil used in integral quench vacuum furnaces, where the quench chamber is below atmospheric pressure, shall be vacuum degassed at approximately the maximum recommended temperature for the

34、 oil initially and after each addition of oil. 3.2.5 Quenching from Salt Bath Furnaces Water shall be monitored weekly to ensure salt content does not exceed 2% by weight. Polymers shall be monitored weekly to ensure salt content does not exceed 6% by weight. 3.2.6 Salt Removal All salt residues sha

35、ll be removed from parts processed in salt-baths or quenched in brine, during or immediately following quenching. 3.3 Procedure 3.3.1 Heat Treatment Shall be in accordance with Table 1. TABLE 1 - HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURES Type of Steel or Process Procedure Carbon and Low-Alloy Below 220 ksi UTS Low-

36、Alloy 220 ksi UTS and Higher PH and Maraging Austenitic Martensitic Gas Nitriding Gas and Vacuum Carburizing Ion Nitriding Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts Automated Gaseous Nitriding Controlled by Nitriding Potential Stress Relief of Steel Parts Gaseous Nitrocarburizing, Automa

37、tically Controlled byPotentials Heat Treatment of Parts in a Vacuum AMS2759/1 AMS2759/2 AMS2759/3 AMS2759/4 AMS2759/5 AMS2759/6 AMS2759/7 AMS2759/8 AMS2759/9 AMS2759/10 AMS2759/11 AMS2759/12 AMS2769 3.3.2 Cleaning Parts shall be cleaned before heat treatment and following heat treatment operations,

38、as necessary. 3.3.3 Corrosion Protection Parts shall be protected from corrosion during processing and storage. 3.3.4 Racking Parts shall be racked and supported, or otherwise oriented, primarily to ensure access of the heating, cooling, and quenching media to all surfaces of all parts and secondari

39、ly to minimize warpage. 3.3.5 Purging Whenever the atmosphere type (e.g., neutral, carburizing, nitriding) is changed, and prior to heating of parts, remnants of the previous atmosphere shall be removed from the furnace or retort and gas supply lines. This requirement does not apply if the heat trea

40、ter has documented confirmation that material removal after heat treatment will ensure that all surfaces of finished parts will be free from contamination. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2759E Page 5 of 12 3.3.5.1 The removal of the previous atmosphere shall be accomplished by purging with the replacement atm

41、osphere at the highest temperature that it will be used. 3.3.5.2 The purging shall be performed in accordance with a procedure that has been proved effective previously, by sensors (e.g., oxygen probe) or tests (e.g., microhardness) that are capable of detecting the presence of the previous atmosphe

42、re or the resulting contaminant. 3.3.5.3 The efficacy of the purge shall be confirmed, in conjunction with the first heat treatment load employing the new atmosphere, by the sensors or tests used to establish the procedure. 3.3.6 Loading Parts shall not be loaded into a furnace with the temperature

43、higher than the set temperature, unless load sensors are attached to the part to ensure the part temperature does not exceed the set temperature. The number, location, and method of attachment of load sensors shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.3.7 Set Temperature Control

44、instrument(s) shall be set either at the temperature specified by the procedures listed in 3.3.1 or at an offset temperature based on the last temperature uniformity survey or system accuracy test. Offsets, if used, shall meet the requirements of AMS2750. 3.3.8 Salt Bath Additives Shall be limited t

45、o the salts in the bath and to additives recommended by the salt manufacturer. 3.3.9 Records A furnace log, or equivalent documentation such as shop travelers, traceable to temperature recorder chart(s), shall be maintained. 3.4 Qualification 3.4.1 Suppliers Facilities performing heat treatment in a

46、ccordance with this specification shall be approved as specified herein by the cognizant quality assurance organization. 3.4.2 Personnel All personnel performing heat treating and associated operations shall be trained and approved in accordance with a procedure such as ARP1962. 3.4.3 Equipment Equi

47、pment used for thermal processing shall be approved to the requirements of this specification and AMS2750. 3.5 Test Methods The following test methods shall be used, when applicable: 3.5.1 Hardness Shall be determined in accordance with ASTM A 370, ASTM E 10, ASTM E 18, and ASTM E 384, as applicable

48、. The approximate conversion of tensile strength requirements to hardness shall be in accordance with ASTM A 370. Hardness tests shall be performed on the thickest section, unless otherwise specified by the cognizant quality assurance organization. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2759E Page 6 of 12 3.5.1.1 Roc

49、kwell and Brinell hardness testing machines shall be calibrated and verified according to ASTM E 18 and ASTM E 10 respectively. 3.5.2 Tensile Properties Testing, when required by the cognizant engineering organization, shall be in accordance with ASTM A 370 and ASTM E 8 / 8M (See 8.4) 3.5.3 Salt Bath Neutrality Test Immerse a piece of SAE 1095 carbon steel shim, nominally 0.003 inch (0.08 mm) thick, into the salt bath at operating aust