SAE AIR 4783-1994 Glossary of Terms - Aircraft Ground Refueling《飞机地面加燃料的术语汇总表》.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr

2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may

3、 be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) F

4、ax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Reaffirmed 2007-12SAE AIR4783 I 2.1.2 IP Publications: Available from Library and Information Department, The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR, England, FAX 71 255 1472. No Number Aviatio

5、n Hydrant Pit Systems - Recomnended Arrangements for - Part I New Facilities, Part II Replacement of Obsolete Valves in Small Pit Boxes - August, 1990 2.1.3 IS0 Publications: Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002. IS0 45 Aircraft Pressure Refuel ing Connections 2.1.4 Mili

6、tary Publications: Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. MS24484 Adapter, Pressure Fuel Servicing, Nominal 2.5 inch Diameter MS29514 Flange, Adapter Locking, Pressure Fuel Servicing 2.1.5 British Standards: Available from BSI

7、 Standards, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes MK14 6LE, United Kingdom, FAX 908 320856. BS 4C 14:1991 Aircraft Pressure Refueling Connections 2.1.6 ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187. ASTM D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in

8、 Fuels (Clear and Bright Pass/Fail Proceedings) ASTM D 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical) 3. GLOSSARY OF TERMS: The terms, listed below with their common definitions, are commonly utilized in the ground aircraft refuelin

9、g industry. defined within the document. Terms shown in bold type are ADAPTER WEAR GAUGE: dimensions of an Aircraft Refueling Adapter bayonet flange per IS0 45, MS24484, or MS29514. AEROSOL: Submicron particles suspended in air, gas, or vapor. A fog, fume, or smoke. A device designed to provide insp

10、ection of the critical AIR ELIMINATOR: automatic removal of trapped air. AIRCRAFT REFUELING ADAPTER: between the refueling vehicle (Nozzle) and the aircraft. This connection is dimensionally in accordance with MS24484, MS29514, IS0.45 (1990), and BS.4C. 14 (1991). It is an international standard to

11、assure interchangeability. A device installed in a fueling system which allows for The mating portion of the quick disconnect -2- Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE AIR*4783 94 7943725 0522024 393 SAE AIR4783 3. (Continued): AIRCRAFT REFUELING PRESSURE: to the aircraft adapter during a ref

12、ueling operation. The only physical port possible at which this pressure can be measured is located within the Nozzle. The fuel pressure controlled as near as possible ALKYLATION: A gasoline refining process. ANSI: American National Standards Institute API ADAPTER: has been designed in accordance wi

13、th API 1584 or API RP 3004 respectively. The outlet of a Hydrant Valve or Bottom Loading Adapter which API HYDRANT VALVE: Note: API 1584 defines more than one type of hydrant valve and this term is not sufficient to define a valve. A Hydrant Valve designed in accordance with API 1584. AQUEOUS CONTAM

14、INATE: Water-borne contaminant. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: atmosphere. Local barometric pressure. Force per unit area exerted by the weight of the ASPISCRUBBER: An aircraft underwing refueling system component used with as generating systems or liquid nitrogen inerting systems (in t) to remove dissolved

15、oxygen from the fuel during pressure on-board inert mi 1 i tary ai rcra refuel i ng . BAFFLE: A non1 sl osh. BAYONET FLANGE: quid-tight, transverse partition in a cargo tank to minimize The three lug or slot portion of either an Aircraft Refueling Adapter or a Bottom Loading Adapter. BLOCK OUT DEVIC

16、E: A device utilized to prevent a Hose End Pressure Control Valve from closing or tending to close (regulate). End Pressure Control Valve from the system for testing of other components. This may be a mechanical or hydraulic device. Used to segregate the Hose BONDING CABLE: An electrically conductiv

17、e wire which is used to equalize differences in potential due to accumulated static electricity, both before and during fuel transfer operations such as aircraft fueling and vehicle loading or discharge. This eliminates the hazard which may be caused by an uncontrol 1 ed electrical discharge (spark)

18、. Bonding cabl es are intended for handling only static electricity, typified by very high voltage, minimum current. Bonding does not necessarily provide a connection to ground (earth). Typically the cabl e (sometimes erroneously termed “grounding cabl e“) provided as a part of a refueling nozzle is

19、 a bonding cable. BONDING REEL: (Commonly misnamed as a grounding reel .) A device onto which the bonding cable is wound and stored. -3- COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)SAE AIR*4783 94 79Lt3725 0522025 22T W SAE AIR4783 3. (Continued): BOTTOM LOADING: through the bo

20、ttom of the tank. The method of loading a tank utilizing a closed system BOTTOM LOADING ADAPTER: A quick disconnect, dry-break connection that mates either a nozzle or coupler for the purposes of loading a tank vehicle. units are available in three different forms to assure interchangeability of use

21、: These a. IS0 45, MS24484 or MS29514 2-1/2 in international standard bayonet b. 4-in standard in accordance with API 1584. c. Industrial reverse bayonet connection (4 in size). The outlet configurations are varied to suit the application. connection (same as used on the aircraft) BULK DENSITY: mate

22、ri al . Mass or weight of the material divided by the volume of the BULKHEAD: A liquid-tight, transverse closure between compartments of a tank. BURST PRESSURE: The maximum pressure required of the component or system without causing structural failure of the external pressure barrier. The system or

23、 valve need not be functional after being subjected to such pressure. BY-PASS VALVE: A valve utilized on a refueler to control pressure. It is normally mounted such that it allows for by-pass flow from the outlet of a pump back to the inlet or tank. CARCASS SATURATION: hose carcass. The condition wh

24、ere fuel has permeated the materials of a CARGO TANK: (378.5 L), used for the carrying of aviation fuels, and mounted permanently or otherwise secured on a vehicle. A container having a liquid capacity in excess of 100 gal CHECK VALVE: See Nonreturn Valve. CLAY FILTER: A term used to describe a syst

25、em of treating fuel to remove surface active agents. Typically, fuel is passed very slowly through elements or cartridges containing particulate material onto which the surfactant is adsorbed, e.g. , attapulgus clay, Fullers earth, or diatomaceous earth. CLEAR, BRIGHT AND DRY TEST: The simplest test

26、 to determine if fuel is free from visible water or particulates. Reference ASTM D 4176 or D 4860. CLOSING TIME: intermediate flow rate. Time for a valve or system to close from full rated flow or any -4- COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)Licensed by Information Handl

27、ing ServicesSAE AIRx4783 74 7743725 0522026 Lbb m a ! . 3 ! SAE AIR4783 3. (Continued): COALESCER ELEMENT: A cy1 i ndrical fi 1 ter cartridge which removes part i cul ate contamination and also causes free water in the fuel to coalesce or gather together into droplets large enough to separate from t

28、he Continuous Phase by gravity. Coalescer Elements can be disarmed or rendered inactive by surface active agents (surfactants). Flow direction is normally from the inside to the outside of the element. They are used as the first stage in filter/water separator vessels, in conjunction with separator

29、elements in the second stage. CO-MINGLED TANK FARM: Fuel tankage system where various fuel suppliers may deposit a specific type of fuel into a common storage tank (tankage) to be used by various users. COMPARTMENT: A liquid-tight division in a cargo tank. CONTINUITY TESTER: or set of parts. A devic

30、e used to check the electrical continuity of a part CONTINUOUS PHASE: monitor system which continues on through the system after being subjected to solids and/or water removal. The basic product flowing from a filter separator or D-1 NOZZLE: An Underwing Nozzle defined by MIL-N-5877 designed for mil

31、itary use. It has a characteristic 45O elbow as a part of its inlet body to allow for vertical hose drape when refueling on fuselage mounted refueling adapters. It terminates in a 6-bolt mating flange defined by a military standard drawing. It is used by the U.S. military services. Nozzles approved

32、for procurement by the U.S. military services under this designation are listed on QPL for the MIL-N-5877. D-1R NOZZLE: Same as D-1 Nozzle except a nominal 55 psi (3.87 kg/cmz) Hose End Control Valve is fitted to the unit. D-2 NOZZLE: Same as the D-1 Nozzle except the inlet body is straight. lhe str

33、aight body allows vertical hose drape when refueling from an underwing position. It terminates in the same 6-bolt flange. D-2R NOZZLE: Same as 0-2 Nozzle except a nominal 55 psi (3.87 kg/cm2) Hose End Control Valve is fitted to the unit. DEADHEAD PRESSURE: The pump outlet/system pressure at no flow.

34、 DEADMAN CONTROL: operator to allow the flow of fuel. all fuel flow to stop. A system which requires positive continuing action of an Interruption of this action will cause DEADMAN HANDLE: means activated by the operator to open or close the fueling system. The air or hydraulic valve or electric swi

35、tch, or any other DEADMAN SWITCH: See Deadman Hand1 e. -5- COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)SAE AIRJ4783 94 m 7943725 0522027 OT2 m SAE AIR4783 3. (Continued): DEADMAN VALVE: system unless the operator is physically acting upon a control valve or switch in an active

36、manner. Also refers to the control valve that the operator holds while keeping the on-off valve open. An on-off valve used to stop the flow of fuel through the See Deadman Handle or Switch. DECK: to easily reach taller aircraft. A moveable platform used to elevate the refueling operator to be able S

37、ame as Elevating Platform. DECK HOSES: refueling vehicle for refueling aircraft with Refueling Adapters requiring such access. Relatively short output hoses used on a moveable deck of a These hoses normal ly terminate in Underwing Nozzles. DEFUELING: Off-loading fuel from an aircraft. DELTA P (AP):

38、See Pressure Drop. DENSITY: See Bu1 k Density. DESIGN PRESSURE: See Proof Pressure. DIAPHRAGM diaphragm thus enab DI F FERENT different DI PST ICK: contained length of VALVE: assembly or flexible membrane to vary the position of the assembly, ing it to control flow rate, pressure, or other parameter

39、s. A valve which uses the difference in pressure across a AL PRESSURE GAUGE: al between two different locations in a system. A pressure gauge which indicates the pressure A calibrated stick for manually determining the quantity of fuel in a fuel tank. The quantity of fuel is indicated by the wetted

40、the calibrated stick after fuel submergence. DISCONTINUOUS PHASE: contaminants, which are separated from the continuous phase of a filter system. lhe contaminated product, containing water or filtered DRIPLESS DRIPSTICK: bottom of a fuel tank for manually determining the quantity of fuel contained i

41、n a fuel tank without leakage or loss of fuel from the tank. A calibrated device installed and operated from the DRIPSTICK: fuel tank for manually checking a fuel tank to determine the quantity of fuel contained in the fuel tank. between the fuel and air in the tank as indicated by drippage from the

42、 device. A calibrated device installed and operated from the bottom of a lhe device is adjusted to locate the interface DROP: The quantity of liquid which makes up a spherical mass; a liquid gl obul e. COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)SAE AIRs4783 7Y 7743725 0522028

43、T39 SAE AIR4783 3. (Continued): DRY-BREAK DISCONNECT: A device norma allow for the ease of checking a Stra to an Overwing Nozzle, or visa versa, upstream hose or system. DYNAMIC: In motion, active, moving. ly mated to the inlet of a nozzle to ner or interchange an Underwing Nozz without the draining

44、 or spillage of e he DYNAMIC DELIVERY HEAD: discharge flow of a fuel equal to 2, where V = velocity and g - acceleration due to gravity (32.174 ft/s or 980.665 cm/s). DYNAMIC HEAD: Pressure, measured in height, within the flow of a fuel equal to e, where V = velocity and g = acceleration due to grav

45、ity (32.174 ft/sZ or 980.665 cm/s) . Pressure, measured in height, within the pump 257 2g DYNAMIC PRESSURE: V = velocity, p = density, and g = acceleration due to gravity (32.174 ft/s or 980.665 cm/s2) . DYNAMIC SUCTION HEAD: a pump on the flow of fuel equal to 112 2g acceleration due to gravity (32

46、.174 ft/s* or 980.665 cm/s). DYNAMIC SUCTION LIFT: Differential height measured between the fuel surface level and flow inlet of the pump during pump operation. Pressure within the flow of a fuel equal to e, where 2g Pressure, measured in height, within the flow inlet of where V = velocity and g = E

47、FFLUENT: Opposite of influent. ELECTRICAL BONDING: lhe procedure for which a bonding cable is used. Stream of fluid at the outlet of a filter or Filter Separator. ELECTRICAL GROUNDING: refueled or defueled or the vehicle accomplishing the refueling operation to a The connecting of the aircraft or ot

48、her vehicle to be grounding rod suitably inserted into the earth. ELEVATING PLATFORM: Same as Deck. EMERGENCY BREAK AWAY/EMERGENCY DRY BREAK: A device mounted fuel system that when acted upon by a specific force (pull) “break“ the hose or system connection with a minimum of spi EMERGENCY VALVE: A va

49、lve positioned at the outlet of a veh that it can be closed to prevent spillage in an emergency. strategically in a will separate and 1 age. cle fuel tank so EMULSION: A dispersion of fine droplets in the continuous phase. -7- COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)SAE AIR4783 I 3. (Continued): ENTRAINED WATER: phase. Discrete water droplets carried by a continuous hydrocarbon EXCESS FLOW CONTROL: or Hydrant Couplers which will automatically stop flow through the system if the flow rate exceeds a predetermined value. capability of having two such