NAVY MIL-L-2594 D-1988 LUMBER SHIP AND BOAT CONSTRUCTION CEDAR MAHOGANY AND DOUGLAS FIR《造船所用的雪松 桃花心木和花旗松木材》.pdf

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1、MIL-L-2594D 14 March 1988 SUPERSEDING MIL-L-2594C (SHIPS ) 28 June 1956 (See 6.9 and 6.11) MILITARY SPECIFICATION LUMBER, SHIP AND BOAT CONSTRUCTION, CEDAR, MAHOGANY, AND DOUGLAS FIR This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Sco

2、pe. This specification covers high quality lumber of Port Orford cedar, Alaska yellow cedar, Douglas fir, and the species commercially known as mahogany, suitable for ship and boat construction. 1.2 Classification. Lumber shall be of the following types and classes, as specified (see 6.2.1): Type I

3、- Cedar Type II -Mahogany Type III - Douglas fir Grade A - Bending quality, best appearance Grade B - High strength, good, appearance 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Government documents. 2.1.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and stan- dards form a part of this specification t

4、o the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents shall be those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions,

5、deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA 5523, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearin

6、g at the end of this document or by letter. AMSC NIA FSC 5510 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for public release; distribution unlimited THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS /J PAGES. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SPECIFICATIONS FEERAL TT-P-320

7、 - Pigment, Aluminum: Powder and Paste for Paint. TT-V-119 - Varnish, Spar, Phenolic-Resin. MLLITAKY MfL-L-14362 - Lumber: Unitizing and Loading of. STANDARDS MILITARY MIL-STD-105 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection MIL-STD-129 - Marking for Shipment and Storage. by Attributes. f 3 (Copi

8、es of specifications and standards required by contractors in connec- tion with specific acquisition functions should be obtained from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting activity.) 2b2 Other publications. The following documents form a part of this speci- fication to the exte

9、nt specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are DoD adopted shall be those listed in the issue of the DoDISS Specified in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DoDISS shall be the issue of the nongovernment docu

10、- ments which is current on the date of the solicitation. ANERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) D 607 I) 2016 - Standard Test Methods for Moisture Content of Wood. D 2395 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood - Standard Specification for Wet Ground Mica Pigments. (DoD adop

11、ted) (DoD adopted) and Wood-Base Materials. (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.) WEST COAST LUMBER INSPECTION BUREAU (WCLIB) West Coast Lumber-Standard Grading Rules for Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock,

12、 Western Red Cedar, White Fir and Sitka Spruce. (Application for copies should be addressed to West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, 6890 SOW, Varns Street, P.O. Box 23145, Portland, OR 97223.) (Nongovernment standards and other publications are normally available rom the organizations which prepare

13、or which distribute the documentsb These documents also may be available in or through libraries or other informational services . ) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-L-2594D 2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict betwe

14、en the text of this specification and the references cited herein (except for associated detail specifications, specification sheets or MS standards), the text of this specifi- cation shall take precedence. Nothing in this specification, however, shall supersede applicable laws and regulations unles

15、s a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Material. When specified in the contract or order, a certificate of compliance shall be prepared (see 6.2.2). 3.1.1 Type I. Cedar lumber shall be Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) or Alaska yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkaten

16、sis), as specified (see 6.2.1 and 6.8). Port Orford cedar is grown in southwest Oregon to northwest California. Alaska yellow cedar is grown in the Pacific coast region from south- east Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northwest California. 3.1.2 Type II. Mahogany lumber shall be Af

17、rican, Philippine, or true (american) mahogany. macrophylla or Swietenia mahogoni grown in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America, as specified (see 6.2.1). African mahogany shall be of the species Khaya ivorensis or Khaya senegalensis grown in West Africa. Philippine mahogany s

18、hall be the dark red lauan species, Shorea polysperma (tanguile), Shorea negrosensis, (red lauan), and Shorea aqsaboensis (tianong) grown in the Philippine Islands (see 6.8). American mahogany shall be of the species Swietenia 3.1.3 Type III. Douglas fir lumber shall be of the species Pseudotsuga me

19、nziesii of the type grown in the coast region of Calif-ornia, Oregon, Washington in the United States and in British Columbia and Alberta in Canada (see 6.8). 3.2 Dimensions. Lumber shall be manufactured to the dimensions specified (see 6.2.1). The lumber shall have parallel edges and faces, cross s

20、ections rectangular, and ends trimmed square. 3.2.1 Rough sawn lumber. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2.1), rough and full sawn lumber shall conform to the dimension tolerances specified in the WCLIB grading rules. 3.2.2 Surfaced lumber. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2.1), surfaced lumber sha

21、ll conform to dimension tolerance requirements for finish lumber. in WCLIB grading rules. 3.3 End coatings. The ends of each piece of lumber shall be painted with two coats of aluminum or mica paint, the first coat to be applied within 24 hours after sawing. Aluminum paint shall consist of 2 pounds

22、of aluminum powder paste conforming to type II, class B of TT-P-320 and 1 gallon of phenolic varnish con- forming to TT-V-119. Mica paint shall consist of 2 pounds of mica conforming to ASTM D 607 and 1 gallon of phenolic varnish conforming to TT-V-119. A drying interval of 24 hours shall elapse bef

23、ore applying a second coat. An alternate end coating may be any commercial end coating satisfactory to the contracting activity. 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-L-2594D -t 3.4 Specific gravity. The purpose of this requirement is

24、 to eliminate O exceptionally lightweight pieces practice of comparing the weight of several pieces of like size. Pieces with a specific gravity of less than 0.40 (25 pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3) for cedar or less than 0.45 (28 lb/ft3 for mahogany or Douglas fir, based on oven-dry weight and oven-

25、dry volume, shall not be accepted. specific gravity shall be determined in accordance with 4.5.2. This shall normally be determined by the usual In controversial cases the Growth rate 3.5 T4umber characteristics and defects. Except as specified in table I, lumber shall be free of the following defec

26、ts: decay, sapwood, knots, holes, checks, cross breaks, gum spots and streaks, excessive slope of grain, abnormal lghtness, insect attack, excessive moisture, pith, splits, shakes, stain, wane, warp, chipped grain, loosened grain, raised grain, torn grain, skips, bark or pitch pockets, worm holes, p

27、itch streaks, swirl figures, rough edges, and varia- 9 tions in sawing, TABLE 1, Maximum allowable defects .L/ Not less than 6 annual rings per inch, type I and III Not less than 4 annual rings per inch, type II I Defect Checks (seasoning) Knots (only sound and watertight: allowed) Slope of grain (m

28、aximum slope) Pitch, gum, or bark pockets I Bright sapwood Grade A 2 llsmaft per 4 Et2 4 flsmaiff per 4 ft2 of face side of reverse side 1/2 inch diameter or 1/2 inch sum of diameters per 8 ft2 of face side 1/2 inch diameter or 1 inch sum of diameters per 8 ft2 of reverse side. 1 in 15 i “very smai“

29、 per 4 ft2 of 1 tlsmallll or equivalent per face side 4 ft2 on reverse side Grade B 4 tfsmaill per 4 ft2 4 per 4 ft2 of face side of reverse side 1/2 inch diameter or 1/2 inch sum of diameters per 4 ft2 of face side 3/4 inch diameter or 1 inch sum of diameters per 4 ft2 of reverse side 1 in 12 2 “ve

30、ry srnail“ per 4 ft2 of 2 “small“ or equivalent per face side 4 ft2 of reverse sida 1/8 width of face and 1/2 thickness of edge on which it: appears, at any point I I Moisture content 1 13 - C 3 percent z/ See footnotes at end of table. 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking pe

31、rmitted without license from IHS-,-,-III L-L-2 5 94D Defect Grade A Grade B - i/ Defect descriptions such as “very small“, “very light“, and so forth, 2/ Moisture content is for lumber 4 inches or less in thickness. are as defined in the WCLIB Standard Grading Rules. - Splits Wane (maximum) Torn gra

32、in, skips CUP Pinworm holes cut outs cut 3.5.1 The defects permitted in table I shall be so scattered in any one piece that no combination of them at any one point is inore weakening than a single maximum permissible defect. Except for splits, no open defects shall extend through the piece. 2 inches

33、 long or less, and “short“ in not more than 5 percent of piecesin lot 1/12 of width of face and 1/2 thickness of edge on which it appears, at any point “very light“ (1/64 inch depth or less) “very light“ 4 per 4 ft2, none through, not more than 2 in a l-inch diameter circle None permitted Free of he

34、art center (FOHC) flat, or mixed grain is perinitted Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2.1), vertic-ql, 3.5.2 Insect attack. The presence of fracs or other indications of active insect attack shall be cause for rejection. 3.5.3 Lightness. Lightweight, brash lumber shall not be accepted (see 3.4). 4.

35、 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS . 4.1 Responsibility for inspection. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor is responsible for the performance of all inspection requirements as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the

36、contractor may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the Government. The Government reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth in the specification where such inspections are deemed

37、necessary to assure supplies and services conform to prescribed requirements. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-L-2594D 4.1.1 Responsibility for compliance. All items must meet all requirements of sections 3 and 5. The inspection se

38、t forth in this specification shall become a part of the contractors overall inspection system or quality program. The absence of any inspection requirements in the specification shall not relieve the contractor of the responsibility of assuring that all products or supplies submitted to the Governm

39、ent for acceptance comply with all requirements of the contract. Sampling in quality conformance does not authorize submission of known defective material, either indicated or actual, nor does it commit the Government to acceptance of defective material. 4.2 Inspection lot. All lumber of one type an

40、d class which is offered for delivery at one time shall be considered a lot for purposes of inspection. 4.2.1 Quantity. The quantity of lumber in the lot shall be determined by tally, in accordance with commercial practice. 4.3 Sampling for dimensions and moisture content. Sample pieces of lumber sh

41、all be selected at random from each lot in accordance with MIL-STD-105 at Inspection level II and acceptable quality level (AQL) 4.0 percent defective for the examination and tests specified in 4.4.2 and 4.5.1. I I 4.4 Lot acceptance examination and tests. 4.4.1 Visual examination. Each piece of lum

42、ber in the lot shall be visually examined to determine compliance with the requirements of this specification for species, defects, and absence of insect infestation and decay. Lightness (see 3.5) shall be determined during the visual examination and questionable pieces shall be tested in accordance

43、 with 4.5.2, if necessary. rejected. Nonconforming pices shall be 4.4.1.1 Species. Samples of lumber of doubtful species shall be forwarded to a laboratory designated by the contracting activity for positive identifica- tion (see 6.8). 4.4.1.2 Slope of grain. Slope of grain shall be measured on each

44、 face and edge independently over a distance sufficient to determine the general slope. Slight local variations around permissible defects shall be disregarded. 4.4.1.3 Measurement of knots or holes. The diameter of knots or holes shall be determined in accordance with the methods 201a and 201b of t

45、he WCLIB Grading Rules. I 4.4.2 Dimensions and moisture content. Each sample piece selected in accordance with 4.3 shall be examined for conformance to the requirements of this specification for dimensions and tested for moisture content (see 4.5.1). Sample pieces which do not meet the requirements

46、shall be rejected. If the number of reject pieces found in any sample exceeds the limits for the AQL specified in 4.3 for that sample, the lot represented by the sample shall be rejected. nonconforming pieces have been removed from the lot. Rejected lots may be resubmitted for examination and tests

47、after all 6 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-L-259iD 55 m 9997706 0209373 7 m MIL-L-2594D 4.5 Test methods. 4.5.1 Moisture content. Moisture content shall be determined by one of the methods described in ASTM D 2016. Electric meter

48、s shall be used only if provided with correction factors for these species. 4.5.2 Specific gravity. Specific gravity shall be determined by method 1 described in 4.5.2.1 or method 2 specified in 4.5.2.2. 4.5.2.1 Method 1. Specific gravity is the ratio of the volume below the waterline (see figure 1)

49、 to that of the whole piece. This method consists of the following steps: (a) From the lumber to be tested, cut a piece about 1 by 1 by (b) (c) 12 inches, with the 12-inch dimension along the grain. Dry the piece at 212 to 221 degrees Fahrenheit (OF) for 48 hours or until it reaches constant weight. Quickly dress the piece so that the cross section is rec- tangular and uniform throughout the length, and trim it to exactly 10 inches in length. Mar