[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷17及答案与解析.doc

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1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析英译汉1 A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affect even wider destinies.It is, in its way, an instrument of government. It plays on the minds and consciences of man. It may educate, stimulat

2、e, assist, or it may do the opposite. It has, therefore, a moral as well as a material existence, and its character and influence are in the main determined by the balance of these two factors. It may make profit or power its first object, or it may conceive itself as fulfilling a higher and more ex

3、acting function.Character is a subtle affaire, and has many shades and sides. It is not a thing to be much talked about, but rather to be felt. It is the slow deposit of past actions and ideas.At the perils of its soul, a newspaper must see that the news it supplies is not tainted. Neither in what i

4、t gives, nor in what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation, must the unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free, but facts are sacred. “ Propaganda,“ so called, by this means is hateful. The voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be heard. Comment also

5、is justly subject to a self-imposed restraint. It is well to be frank; it is even better to be fair. This is an ideal. Achievement in such matters is hardly given to man. Perhaps none of us can attain to it in the desirable measure. We can but try, ask pardon for shortcomings, and there leave the ma

6、tter.One of the virtues, perhaps the chief virtue, of a newspaper is its independence. Whatever its position or character, it should have a soul of its own.That is the path of self-respectit is also the path of success. And what a work it is! How multiform, how responsive to every needand every inci

7、dent of life! What illimitable possibilities of achievement and of excellence!To the man, whatever his place on the paper, nothing should satisfy short of the best. It is here that ability counts and that character counts, and it is on these that a newspaper, if it is to be worthy of its power and d

8、uty, must rely.2 Scientists Shed New Light On The Body s RhythmsHave you ever suffered from jet-lag, the fatigue and depression that comes from long hours spent in a jet aircraft traveling across the world over many time zones? Or like many people in northern European countries, have you ever suffer

9、ed the dark depression of winter blues, the feelings of gloom that comes from facing the somber December and January winter days under dark, cloudy skies? Maybe all you need is a little lightand merely on a small patch of your skin. In fact, in experiments investigating the effect of light in raisin

10、g our spirits, American scientists have done all their research using light played on the back of the subjects knees.What could be a key to jet-lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. It is secreted as night falls and it can be used to help to overcome

11、 jet-lag and some sleep disorders. The low level of melatonin we experience in winter when light is dull and daylight hours are shorter is said to be cause of that common feeling many people get in dull weatherwinter depression.For years experts have experimented with treating jet-lag and seasonal a

12、ffective disorder ( “ winter depression“ ) with light. They counsel victims to sit in front of lights simulating the sun s natural wavelengths to restore melatonin. In 1996, Diane Boivin and colleagues at Harvard Medical School found even dim reading lamps worked in this way.Exposure to light sets o

13、ff a complex response inside the bodies of animals and humans. A university team in New York said they had found that shining light on the skin could reset the body s internal clock. They chose the back of the knee because it was easy to reach and away from the eyes, which is where many scientists h

14、ad believed circadian rhythm is determined.3 There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Today s competition renders obsolete huge chunks of what we know and forces us to innovate. For each individual, several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be in

15、escapable. To attain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools and even individuals will turn to technology for the answer.In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up with the market has meant the growing use of computers. The sch

16、ools are now following close behind. Already some colleges in the United States are requiring a computer for each student. It is estimated that 500, 000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementary schools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number

17、 of computers in schools expands rapidly.The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves a thousand functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential. With advanced computers, learning can be individualized and self-paced. T

18、eachers can become more productive and the entire learning environment enriched.It is striking how much current teaching is a product of pencil and paper technology. With the computer s capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of

19、curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer language LOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathematics can be taught in the early grades with the use of computers. He cites as an example the teaching of the laws of motion in physics, which he says are accessible at an ea

20、rly age when a computer is used to assist in the instruction.On an everyday level, word-processing significantly improves the capacity for written expression. How? Simply by making it easier to revise and rewrite. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the s

21、tudent to advance rapidlywithout being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class.汉译英4 我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极的姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。要继续实行以质取胜和市场多元化战略，贯彻落实各项鼓励出口的政策，努力扩大出口。首先要积极调整出口商品结构，进一步扩大机电产品出口，加快纺织、服装、轻工业等传统出口商品升级换代，提高高新技术产品的出口比重，扩大农产品出口。其次是积极开拓国际市场，特别要大力拓展非洲、拉美、东欧等新兴市场，

22、积极发展与周边国家及发展中国家的经贸关系。鼓励国内有比较优势的企业到境外投资办厂，开展加工贸易和资源开发等项目。继续发展对外承包工程和劳务合作。5 建立和健全社会保障体系，关系到改革、发展、稳定的全局，意义重大，刻不容缓，必须切实抓紧抓好。当前，中国要在保证国有企业下岗职工基本生活费用津贴和城镇居民最低生活津贴的基础上，推进改革，逐步形成有中国特色的社会保障体系。在这同时，要进一步办好国有企业再就业服务中心。企业再就业服务中心要向下岗职工按时足额发放基本生活费，并代他们缴纳社会保险金。对确有困难的中西部地区和老工业基地，中央财政将继续给予支持。不过，各地领导部门要引导职工转变择业观念，努力开拓

23、就业门路，搞好职业培训，使更多的下岗职工尽早实现再就业。各级政府要通力合作，加强督促检查，保证各项再就业政策落实到位。英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 17 答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 报纸不仅仅只具有商业性，还具有社会功能。对一个社会而言，它既反映又影响社会生活，甚至可以影响更大范围人们的命运。从特定角度看报纸可以说是政府的工具。它把握人们的心理和道义感，使之为己所用。它可能起到教育、鼓励和帮助的作用，也可能起到恰好相反的作用。因此，它的存在不仅是物质的，也是精神的；它的性格与影响力主要取决于这两个力量的平衡。它可以以利润或力量作为它的第一目标，也可以认为自己在履行一项更高的、要求更严

24、的职能。报纸的特点颇为微妙、难以描述，存在许多不同的层面。它不可言传只能意会，是过去行为和理念渐渐沉淀积累而形成的。报纸必须确保提供的消息是准确无误的，否则会自毁灵魂。无论报道什么，不报道什么，以什么方式报道，报纸均应使事实真相清楚明白，不得有任何歪曲。评论固然享有自由，但事实是神圣不可动摇的。通过“宣传” 这种方式做所谓“宣传“是可憎的。反对派和支持派有同等权利发表意见。评论也理应自我约束。说的坦率固然好，说的公正则更佳，这是一个理想状态。在这些问题上做好很不容易，也许我们大家谁都无法通过满意的方法达到理想的标准。我们所能做的只是尽力而为，做得不好就请求原谅，把问题放下继续前进。报纸的优点之

25、一，也许是最主要的优点，就是它的独立性。不管它的立场和特性如何它都应有自己的灵魂。这就是自尊之路，也是一条成功之路。此项工作谈何容易!各种生活需求、事件丰富多彩，层出不穷。对每一需求每一事件又该如何及时反应?要获得成功和卓越也是极其可能的!至于报业工作人员，不管他在什么职位，都不能只满足于次佳。而追求完美，能力和性格就起到关键作用。而正是依赖于此，报纸才不会有辱其力量和使命。【知识模块】 英译汉2 【正确答案】 科学对人体节奏有新发现你有没有患过时差综合症，即由于长时间坐喷气飞机环球飞行跨越过很多时区而感到疲倦和沮丧? 你有没有像北欧国家的很多人一样患过冬季忧郁症，即由于在阴郁的 12 月和

26、1 月老是看到冬日阴沉灰暗的天空而感到郁闷?也许一点点光就能解决你的问题而且只需要照射你皮肤上一小块地方。实际上，美国科学家已竭尽全力进行研究用光照射受试者的膝盖后部，试验光在提神方面的作用。对付时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的东西可能是荷尔蒙褪黑激素。目前已知荷尔蒙褪黑激素能调节人体节奏。它于夜幕降临时分泌，可用于帮助治疗时差综合症和睡眠紊乱。冬天光线昏暗、白昼时间短，人们褪黑激素分泌较少，据说这就是许多人在天气昏暗时普遍有这种感觉(即冬季忧郁)的原因。许多年来，专家们一直在试验用光治疗时差综合症和季节性情绪失调(“冬季忧郁证”) 。他们建议患者坐在模仿太阳光自然波长的灯光下，以恢复褪黑激素。199

27、6年，哈佛大学医学院的戴安娜?波文及其同事发现即使是昏暗的台灯也可以起到同样的作用。动物和人接触光都会引起体内复杂的反应。纽约一个大学的研究小组说他们发现光照射在皮肤上会重新调整体内的生物钟。他们选择了膝盖后部做试验是因为那儿容易接触到而且远离眼睛，许多科学家认为那个部位决定着人体节奏的周期。【知识模块】 英译汉3 【正确答案】 我们决不能够吃老本。当今的竞争使得我们大部分知识变得陈旧，非加以革新不可。在未来，每个人都会对从事好几种职业习以为常，并将继续进修，重新接受培训，这是不可避免的。为了达到这种非同一般的教育水平，政府、工商业部门、学校甚至个人都将求助于技术来解决问题。在工业领域，必须处

28、理信息，制定必要的改革计划，来适应市场的需要。这意味着对计算机的使用会越来越多。学校现已紧随工业部门之后。美国已有一些学院要求每个学生都有一台计算机。据估计，美国中小学使用的计算机已达到五十万台。虽然教学软件十分紧缺，学校的计算机数量却迅速增加。计算机是一种变化多端、神通广大的机器，它可以显示一千种图像，发挥一千种功能。但它真正革命的特性能够在人机相互影响的潜力方面表现出来。有了先进的计算机，学习就可以单独进行，速度可以自行规定。教学会变得更有成效，整个学习环境会显得丰富多彩。令人吃惊的是，当前的教学在很大程度上还是铅笔和纸张技术的产物。计算机能够实行模拟并提供各种反馈，为重新设计学校的课程提

29、供了各种前所未有的机会。计算机语言(标识语) 的发明家西摩? 佩伯特认为，利用计算机，在低年级就能教授物理学和高等数学的概念。他援引教授物理学的一些运动定律为例，说明计算机用于辅助教学时，学生在幼年就能够理解这些定律。在日常生活中，文字处理能相当有效地提高书面表达能力。如何提高呢?只要让文字更便于修改和重写就可以了。从训练和练习来说，使用自行规定速度的计算机辅助教学可以使学习突飞猛进，而且不受全班学生各有不同需要的限制。【知识模块】 英译汉汉译英4 【正确答案】 We must seize the new opportunities to meet new challenges. By tak

30、ing more effective measures and being more active in opening to the outside world, we will strive to expand our foreign trade and absorb more foreign capital. We must continue the strategy of winning through superior quality and achieving a diversified market and we must also implement export-stimul

31、ating policies so as to expand exports.First of all, it is imperative to adjust the export product mix: We must expand exports of electromechanical products, speed up the upgrading of such traditional commodities as textiles, garments and other light industrial products, increase the proportion of t

32、he exports of high and new technology products, and boost exports of farm products.Secondly, we must actively explore international markets, especially new markets in Africa, Latin America and East Europe as well as develop economic ties with neighboring countries and developing countries. Chinese e

33、nterprises with a competitive superiority should be encouraged to invest abroad to found factories, engage in processing trade, develop resources, etc. We must also continue to develop contracted projects overseas and labor-export service.【知识模块】 汉译英5 【正确答案】 Establishment and improvement of a social

34、security system has an important bearing on the overall situation of reform, development and stability. Therefore the issue permits no delay and must be handled properly.At present China must promote the reform to gradually set up a Chinese-type social security system on the basis of a guarantee of

35、the basic cost-of-living allowance for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and the minimum living allowance for urban residents. Meanwhile, we should improve the reemployment centers of state-owned enterprises. The centers should provide laid-off workers with basic living allowance in full

36、 and on time and pay the social security premiums for them. In the case of the enterprises of western and central China and old industrial bases that are in real financial difficulties, the central government will continue to offer financial help.However, leaders in various localities should guide s

37、taff and workers in changing their idea of employment, trying to find more channels leading to employment and doing a good job of vocational training so as to help more laid-off workers to be re-employed as early as possible. Governments at all levels must make concerted efforts to strengthen their supervision to ensure the reemployment policies are properly implemented.【知识模块】 汉译英