[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷59及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 59 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Jacoby governments become corrupt and civil society is lost for other reasons.What I guess Franzen is complaining about is that people using e-readers ma

2、y not bring the serious attention to a book that he applies in his writing, which is famously undertaken in conditions of monastic rigour that exclude an internet connectioa Like many, he believes that we have become shallow readers, less able to focus on the deeper meaning of books and are the wors

3、e for it.This belief about our attention-deficit is not proven, but the obvious point is we still have a choice between screen or print, which is likely to remain, because people will always take pleasure in reading a work on the page, admiring the paper and typefaces(admittedly rare), marking a pas

4、sage. Naturally, few of us read in the way that Dickenss audience did, but that is because of a deficit of time, not necessarily one of attention. We do, however, read and write more every year. The statistics of our hyperactivity are astonishing and show, for instance, that the information passing

5、through our minds has risen threefold in the past 30 years and increases by about 6% every year.So, the truth is that serious books such as Franzens Freedom or The Corrections have to compete for our time, whether in print or on a screen. But if a book is good, it will earn the effort and reflection

6、 that no doubt Franzens books deserve. Yet this is not an entitlement and the idea that we are becoming incapable of sustained attention simply doesnt hold up, as the sales of complicated science books attest. Indeed, I have a strong sense that the web has vastly increased our collective intelligenc

7、e; that we are better informed, shrewder and able to grasp things more quickly than we were 20 years ago. If Dickens were alive today, guess whod be blogging, offering the occasional tweet, setting up literary websites, digging out some of his old work and repackaging it in ebooks.6 The author impli

8、es in the first two paragraphs that printed books_.（A）are incapable of defending civil socity（B） are vulnerable to political catastrophes（C） rarely arouse the sense of permanence（D）often yield to totalitarianism7 Paragraph 3 mainly displays Franzens concern about_.（A）the seriousness of ebooks（B） the

9、 prospect of ebooks（C） the death of traditional books（D）the loss of focused-reading ability8 According to the fourth paragraph, the changes in our reading mainly arise from_.（A）the increase in choices of reading media（B） the demand to process more information（C） the emergence of attention-distractin

10、g e-readers（D）the decrease in our reading time9 The author mentioned the sales of science books in paragraph 5 to show that_.（A）most of us are incapable of sustained attention（B） books need to compete for our time（C） we havent lost the ability to read deeply（D）the web makes us better-informed10 What

11、 would be the best title for the text?（A）The Deprived Attention in E-readers（B） Smarter Readers in the Digital Age（C） Mourn the Lost Permanence in Printed Words（D）Read deeply as Dickenss Audience Did10 There is much hype about social networks and their potential impact on marketing; so many companie

12、s are diligently establishing presences on Facebook. Yet the true value of social networks remains unclear, and while common wisdom suggests that they should be tremendous enablers and amplifiers of word of mouth, few consumer companies have unlocked this potential.More recently, we have adopted a n

13、ew mind-set: we think of word of mouth generated on social networks as a distinct form of media. This idea is more than a semantic detail. When you think of word of mouth as media, it becomes a form of content, and businesses can apply tried-and-true content-management practices and metrics to it. I

14、n addition, word of mouth generated by social networks is a form of marketing that must be earnedunlike traditional advertising, which can be purchased. Therefore, companies could succeed only by being genuinely useful to the individuals who initiate or sustain virtual world-of-mouth conversations.A

15、n effective way for a brand to be useful in the context of social networks is to make people who o-riginate a word-of-mouth conversation seem important within their own social environment. Recognition by peers is a powerful motivator, and brands that allow users to gain it deliver real perceived val

16、ue. When users publicize that recognition, it translates into word of mouth.Never underestimate the value consumers place on opportunities to boast online about their achievements. For example, when members boast of reaching their target weight with help from Bodybuilding. com workouts, we receive a

17、uthentic and credible word-of-mouth approval at almost no cost. In fact, if recent behavioral research is accurate, these experiences can create “contagions“ in which the behavior of users is mirrored by their networks of friends, amplifying the word-of-mouth effect and reflecting well on the underl

18、ying brands.Its our strong intuition that virtual items play an important role in facilitating virtual word of mouth. Peoples obsessive acquirement for virtual items reinforces our notion that users seek online importance; they purchase virtual goods primarily for self-expression and for recognition

19、. Virtual gifting is becoming an important consumer activity among Facebook members. Today, much of this activity is free, but Facebook is introducing a virtual-currency “credit“ system that will allow sellers to get real dollars for their gifts. In the context of a social network, it is not a stret

20、ch to conceive of virtual gifts as important objects, especially as their availability can be strictly limited. Just think about the fervor consumers accord collectibles of all kinds, from baseball cards to coins. If virtual items prove similarly desirable, they are likely to be a big deal for consu

21、mers and marketers, as well as a great tool to create useful word-of-mouth media.Word-of-mouth marketing through social networks could emerge as an important tool in the marketers arsenal. That will depend on whether marketers can tame the fundamentally unpredictable and accidental nature of word of

22、 mouth without losing what makes it so valuable in the first placeits authenticity.11 It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that social networks_.（A）have proved to be efficient in promoting products（B） have made great impact on peoples intelligence（C） are stimulating collective wisdom effectively（D）are get

23、ting great attention from consumer companies12 To use social networks as enablers and amplifiers of word of mouth, companies should first_.（A）apply effective content-management practices（B） make products useful to network users（C） use purchased media successfully（D）abandon traditional marketing medi

24、a13 Bodybuilding, com is cited to illustrate_.（A）the products suitable for world-of-mouth marketing（B） the features of word of mouth（C） the worth of users online boasts（D）the contagiousness of online behaviors14 Virtual items may produce powerful word of mouth when_.（A）they can be traded for real do

25、llars（B） they are not viewed as important objects（C） they can confer social importance on its users（D）they are readily available15 The text intends to tell us_.（A）how to unlock the potential of social networks（B） how to read peoples online activities（C） how to create authentic marketing（D）how to exp

26、lore the attractiveness of virtual items15 We blast the upbeat tunes for parties and workouts at the gym, and we save the low-key ballads for romantic or pensive moments. Its hardly a new idea that music is intertwined with our emotions. But how have our favorites changed over the decades, and what

27、do these changes say about Americas shifting emotional landscape?Music is a form of naturalistic data that, much like popular television and sales of consumer goods, scientists can sample for insight into our minds and values. Researchers E. Glenn Schellenberg and Christian von Scheve set out to exa

28、mine songs popular in America during the last five decades, hoping to learn how emotional cues in music, such as tempo(slow to fast)and mode(major or minor key), have changed since 1960.The most striking finding is the change in key. Songs composed in a major key tend to sound warm and high-spirited

29、, whereas songs in a minor key can sound darker and more melancholic. Over the last few decades, popular songs have switched from major to minor keys. Broadly speaking, the sound has shifted from bright and happy to something more complicated. Its important to note, though, that although older songs

30、 were frequently in a major key, this didnt necessarily mean the lyrics were cheerful.Americas popular songs have also become slower and longer. Even more interesting, perhaps, is that our current favorites are more likely to be emotionally ambiguous, such as sad-sounding songs being fast or happy-s

31、ounding songs being slow.Perhaps, the two researchers suggest, todays listeners are more musically sophisticated. Other researchers in the past have linked music preferences to personality traits, such as a preference for sadder music being tied to more empathy, openness to experience, and less huma

32、n interactions. Schellenberg and von Scheve also suggest that artists may employ minor keys and compose slower songs to give them an air of maturity. After all, its childrens music that is usually happy.Another possible explanation for the changes in popular music is that the more contemporary music

33、 reflects the hardships and tragedies that our society has endured. However, Schellenberg and von Scheve believe that the steady increase in duration and decrease in tempo that doesnt support the idea of growing difficulties fully because it would mean our problems have increased steadily over the l

34、ast fifty years. Perhaps popular songs have become more complex over time because Americans are becoming more diverse and individualized in their musical tastes.Though we can only speculate on the specific causes of this evolution in music, we can still view societys preferences as a metric of the p

35、ublic consciousness. Maybe the reason South Korean tapper PSYs infectious “Gangnam Style“ went viral in 2012 is because we needed a little light-heartedness and a dose of fun in the face of disturbing world events beyond our immediate control. Schellenberg and von Scheves initial observations have o

36、nly opened the door to inquiries on the link between emotion and music consumption. Perhaps someday well learn more of the secrets behind the music we love and the times we live in.16 By examining popular songs of last five decades, the two researchers aim to see_.（A）why peoples music preferences ar

37、e diversified（B） how tempo and mode of music have changed（C） what kinds of music are most appealing now（D）how changes in music mirror our moods and views17 Generally speaking, melancholy songs are composed in_.（A）a minor key and slow tempo（B） a major key and slow tempo（C） a minor key and fast tempo（

38、D）a major key and fast tempo18 Paragraphs 3 and 4 show that todays popular songs tend to feature_.（A）brightness and simplicity（B） darkness and pessimism（C） indifference and casualness（D）intricacy and irregularity19 Schellenberg and Scheve seem to believe that_.（A）our problems have experienced a stea

39、dy increase over five decades（B） the slowdown of popular songs indicates peoples gloomy sentiment（C） todays society is actually enduring less hardships and tragedies（D）popular songs varies in accordance with individuals interests20 The author mentions Gangnam Style to express his idea that_.（A）the e

40、volution in music is supposed to have specific causes（B） the popularity of funny music usually reflects the light-heartedness of the public（C） there may be some connection between public consciousness and music consumption（D）music can sometimes be used to exert control over the world around us考研英语（阅

41、读）模拟试卷 59 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第一段首先指出 JacobyMyers 在民众眼中的形象：“令人讨厌”；随后解释说明原因：“利用广告招揽客户”，并以其 2011 年某一广告例证说明。可见，大多数人不喜欢律师的原因在于他们迷恋于做广告，B选项符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第

42、二段明确指出：JacobyMyers 在开展新诉讼，这一诉讼如若胜诉则会改变美国法律行业，使得非律师身份的投资者可以投资律所。由此可见，Jacoby&Myers 在为非律师身份合作关系而战， A选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第四段指出 ABA 的站位：反对变革；并分析原因：它认为律师是为民服务的专业型人才而非唯利是图的商人，律师会因业外投资者迫使被迫提请垃圾案件或是快速处理案件以追求最大化利润。可见，ABA 反对变革在于害怕业外投资者会以利润为由致使律师腐败，D选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第六段总括为“总分”结构，首句为中心句，

43、其余各句均在解释说明首句。首句指出：即便 Jacoby & Myers 败诉 (不变) ，海外经验也能改变美国本土的争辩(变与不变之争)；随后各句介绍“海外经验”。可见，海外经验旨在凸显改变(change) 。也顺承了第五段首句“美国本土事实也说明了变革的迫切需要”，两段均在说明美国法律行业变革的亟待性，所以C选项最符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 末段首先指出：律师很少受到道德投诉，ABA 所持的“业外投资会必然导致律师腐败”论断难以成立；随后介绍托尼威廉姆斯观点：“律师的消亡”之论断可笑，律师可以一身兼两职，商人与律师合二为一，也即威廉姆斯并不认为“业外投资会导

44、致律师腐败”。可见，两者论点的相悖性，D选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 首段指出，Franzen 认为电子阅读器失去了印刷书籍中的永恒感，这可能与司法体系和自治制度不协调。第二段对此予以反驳，以“德国在活字印刷术发明 500 年后依然陷入极权政治的魔爪”说明印刷文字(与电子书籍一样)也无法保证民主的施行。A 选项符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第三段指出，弗兰岑真正抱怨的可能是，人们在使用电子阅读器时不能与作者写作时那样认真地对待作品，失去了关注作者深层含义的能力，D选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 B【

45、试题解析】 第四段第二句指出，很少有人会像狄更斯时代的读者那样阅读(阅读方式发生了变化)，这是因为缺少时间(a deficit of time)。然后又解释缺少时间的原因：现代读者需要读写的内容更多。由此可知，人们阅读方式发生变化的主要原因在于，读者在有限的阅读时间内需要处理的信息增多。B选项符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第五段第三句指出，“现代读者丧失了持久注意力”的观点站不住脚，复杂的科技图书的销量证明了这一点。由此可知，作者提到复杂的科技图书的销量是为了反驳 Franzen 的错误观点。之所以强调“复杂”的科技图书，是为了暗示这类图书需要人们的深入阅读，从

46、而更能说明现代读者并未失去深人阅读的能力。C选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本文介绍并驳斥了 Franzen 关于“电子书失去了纸质书的永恒感，无法保障民主政权，使读者失去了持久注意力”等一系列观点，最后进一步总结指出，网络增加了我们的群体智慧，使我们更加博学，更加敏锐，更快地领悟事情的要点。可见，B选项最符合文意。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 第一段开篇指出，有关社交网络及其对市场营销的潜在影响已被宣传地天花乱坠；许多公司都在“脸谱”上费尽心血地经营着自己，由公司如此专注的投入可见公司极其重视对社交网络的应用，D选项正

47、确。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第一段末句指出，尽管公众智慧已表明，社交网络是口碑的强劲促成者及放大器，但鲜有公司已真正挖掘出这一潜能。第二段顺而提出解决办法：将社交网络下的口碑当做一种独特的媒介，并在末句进一步指出：只有对那些“发起或维持虚拟世界对话的人”真正有用，社交网络下的口碑营销才能成功。由此可见公司首先应该使得自己的产品对社交网络用户真正有用，B选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据题干直接定位到第四段。该段首句指出。永远不要低估消费者在线吹嘘自己成就时所创造的价值。第二句接着举出例子；当健美网站的会员吹嘘自己在其帮助下达到目标

48、体重时，我们就可分文不花地赢得真实可信的口碑认可。由此可见举例的目的是为了具体说明消费者在线吹嘘自己成就时会创造何种价值：真实可信的口碑认可。C选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据题干直接定位到第五段。该段第二句解释了人们对于获取虚拟商品欲罢不能的原因所在：使用者寻求网络重要性他们购买虚拟商品主要是为了自我表达与获取认可。据此可推理出，虚拟商品若使得消费者在其网络社交环境里显得重要，则可生出强有力的口碑，C选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本文共分为六个段落。第一段指出现状(问题)：鲜有公司能够充分挖掘社交网络的潜能。第二段提出新理

49、念(解决办法)：将社交网络下的口碑当做一种独特的媒介。第三段介绍“使品牌在社交网络中有用”的方法一：让会话发起者显得重要(得到同伴的认可) 。第四段对第三段做出补充论述：应重视消费者在线吹嘘自己的成就时所带来的价值。第五段介绍“使品牌在社交网络中有用”的方法二：发挥“虚拟商品”的吸引力。第六段总结全文，指出社交网络下口碑营销的重要作用及发挥这种作用的决定性因素。由此可见整个文章旨在论述如何充分挖掘社交网络的潜能，A选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 首段提出“音乐变化如何反映情感变化”的问题，紧接着第二段义指出，通过研究音乐可以洞察人们的思维和价值理念。在此铺垫之后，文章引出研究者进行的一项研究。字面上看研究者研究的是“流行音乐情感线索的变化方式”，联系上文可知其真正用意是通过这种变化了解人们思想观念的变化，D选项正确。【知识模块】 阅读17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第三段指出：大调音乐往往温暖奔放，小调音乐则深沉阴郁；第四段末指出现在的