[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷22及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 22 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Healthy Social Networking Sites Benefit KidsThe other day I asked somewhat tongue-in-cheek (幽默讽刺的) whether Tom Friedman had ever visited Silicon Valley.

2、Today, Im wondering if Lady Greenfield has ever used a social networking site.She warned that social networking sites are devoid (缺乏) of cohesive (有凝聚性 的) narrative and long-term significance. As a consequence, the mid-21st century mind might almost be characterized by short attention spans, sensati

3、onalism, inability to sympathize and a shaky sense of identity.Im not a psychologist, nor am I a parent, so let me start by saying she might be right that these sites are harmful in some cognitive way. But I think shes wrong to assume social networking is devoid of cohesive narrative and long-term s

4、ignificance. I can see where shes coming from, but like a lot of people who dont actually use these sites, shes missing a fundamental shift from Web 1. 0 chat room days to Web 2. 0 social net-works: Real identity.We no longer go to the Internet to interact with some shadowy user name where we preten

5、d to be someone were not. Ok, maybe people on Second Life do. But sites like Facebook and Twitter are more about extending your real identity and relationships online. Thats what makes them so addictive: The little endorphin (兴奋) rushes from reconnecting with an old friend, the ability to passively

6、stay in touch with people you care about but dont have the time to call everyday.Facebook makes me a more considerate friend because I now remember peoples birthdays. Via Twitter, my parents and inlaws know everything happening in my life so that when I call home, we have substantive conversations.

7、In dozens of cases, these sites have actually given me a longer narrative.Greenfield may well have a point when she argues that the young brain cant handle overstimulation of fast action and reaction. But isnt that the same argument weve been making about all technology and entertainment for decades

8、 now? Everything has a trade off, and Id argue the benefits in communications, education and collaboration of the Web are far more than the negatives, and indeed give us greater benefits than we get from TV or Guitar Hero.As more of our social graphs move online, via Twitter or Facebook, the more th

9、e same social pressures of the real world come to bear. Compare anonymous You-Tube comments with Twitter comments. Generally, Twitter is more kind and substantive, especially among users who Twitter under their real names. Now compare that to comments on Facebook, almost all of the comments on someo

10、nes photo, video, status are supportive and empathetic, because the site has imitated real world relationships and with that real world pressures.1 What kind of computer game is Second Life?（A）People have their real identity and relationships in it.（B） It helps people keep contact with their old Men

11、ds.（C） It enables people to call someone they care about free of charge.（D）People communicate anonymously, pretending to be someone else in it.2 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Facebook lacks cohesive narrative and long-term significance.（B） Greenfield believes youngsters

12、are not sympathetic and having shaky sense of identity because of social networking.（C） The difference between Facebook and Twitter is Facebooks destruction for kids cognitive ability.（D）Greenfield acknowledges that the benefits of social networking sites outweigh the negatives.3 According to the pa

13、ssage, which of the following social networking sites has the most positive comments?（A）Twitter.（B） Facebook.（C） YouTube.（D）Second Life.4 Whats the authors attitude towards social networking sites?（A）Neutral.（B） Indifferent.（C） Negative.（D）Positive.5 What is the main topic of the passage?（A）Why are

14、social networks good for kids?（B） The benefits and negatives of social networking sites.（C） Social networks are harmful in cognitive way for kids.（D）Keeping real identity or pretending to be someone else online?5 Dog and Human HealthPeople who let their dogs sleep with them or allow them to lick the

15、ir faces are no more likely than other dog owners to have the same strains of E. coli bacteria as their dogs, a Kansas State University veterinarian reports.Dr. Kate Stenske, a clinical assistant professor at the universitys College of Veterinary Medicine, said its known that diseases can be shared

16、between dogs and people and that about 75 percent of emerging diseases are transferable between humans and other animals.She decided to focus on E. coli, which is common in the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and dogs.For the study, Stenske analyzed fecal samples from dogs and their owners. S

17、he found that 10 percent of human-dog pairs had the same E. coil strains and that these strains were more resistant to common antibiotics than expected. However, owners had more multiple drug-resistant strains than their dogs.“This makes us think that dogs are not likely to spread multiple drug-resi

18、stant E. coli to their owners, but perhaps owners may spread them to their dogs,“ Stenske said in a university news release. “What we learn from this is that antibiotics really do affect the bacteria within our gastrointestinal tract, and we should only take them when we really need toand always fin

19、ish the entire prescription as directed.“There was no evidence that owners who sleep with their dog or allow face licking were more likely to have shared strains of E. coli, according to the study, which was expected to be published in an upcoming issue of the American Journal of Veterinary Research

20、.However, the study did find an association between antibiotic-resistant E. coli and owners who didnt wash their hands after petting their dogs or before cooking meals.“ We should use common sense and practice good general hygiene,“ Stenske advised.She said the finding that close human-dog bonding b

21、ehaviors arent more likely to spread germs is good news because of the physical and psychological benefits of pet ownership. Surveys show that nearly half of all dog owners share their food with their dogs, and more than half allow their dogs to sleep with them and lick their face.“ If you look at o

22、ne study, 84 percent of people say their dog is like a child to them,“ Stenske added.Future research might look at cat owners and shared E. coli. More Americans own cats than dogs, and cats interact with people in different ways than dogs, Stenske noted.6 What can we infer from the first paragraph?（

23、A）Close human-dog bonding behaviors arent more likely to spread germs.（B） Dog owners should not let their dogs lick their faces or sleep with them.（C） It is not hygienic to let dogs sleep with you or lick your face.（D）The E. coli bacteria are spread from dogs to their masters.7 The reason why the st

24、udy focuses on E. coli is that_.（A）the samples are easy to get（B） it is a representative of bacterium found in human bowels（C） it is a common bacterium shared by dogs and mankind in bowels（D）it is a bacterium spread easily between human beings8 Which one is NOT the conclusion of the study?（A）Owners

25、have more multiple drug-resistant strains than their dogs.（B） Dogs are not likely to spread multiple drug-resistant E. coli to their owners.（C） We can not take antibiotics casually, but only when we really need.（D）Owners allow face licking are more likely to share strains of E. coli.9 According to S

26、tenske, people should practice general hygiene by_.（A）washing their hands before petting the dogs（B） washing their hands before cooking the meals（C） severing their intimate bond with pet-dogs（D）eating different food from their dogs10 The study has brought good news to the dog-owners in that_.（A）it a

27、llows dog-owners to maintain their intimate bond with dogs at ease（B） dogs and their owners can be immune from viruses if keeping intimate（C） dogs are more favorable than eats in mankinds view（D）it proves that dogs are dirtier than what we have imagined10 The Rebound Brings Investing OpportunityHere

28、s the not-so-bad news: We are nearing a bottom. Housing prices are falling, but not as rapidly. Consumer confid-ence is up. Banks are earning money. The stock market in April had its best month in nine years. Even Nouriel Roubini, the New York University professor known for his dire economic predict

29、ions, thinks we are on the mend.Thats not to say the recession is over. Roubini sees the road to recovery as a long and fluctuating one, with unemployment rising toward 12%. So dont trade in your emergency fund for a boat. But when it comes to your investing life, its time to get backing to the wate

30、r. And the question is: How do we ever get back the money we lost?It depends on what type of recovery we have. Since the market bottomed on March 9, investors have rushed into acquiring shares of financial companies, retailers and technology firms.That makes sense if you believe we will have a recov

31、ery like the ones weve had in recent history. Companies in those industries did well in the market rallies that followed recessions in the 1990s and the early part of this decade. And stocks handily outperformed bonds.But the current recession has been deeper and longer than the past two. “Its a ver

32、y different story today,“ says First Eagles Jean-Marie Eveillard, one of the few managers to produce positive returns when stocks plunged earlier this decade. “The landscape is different, and the recovery, when it comes, probably wont be along the lines of what we have seen in the post-World War II

33、period.“For the past few decades, the easiest call in economics was to predict a V-shaped recessionone that bottoms and rebounds quickly, its basically all weve had. Only two of the 11 recessions since the end of World War II have lasted more than a year, and nearly all wound up with a boom. Consume

34、rs stocked up. Companies upgraded their computers. We piled into real estate. And predicting a V may be the right call a gain. With the government spending billions on economic stimulustrillions, if you in elude the bank fixa quick pullout is entirely possible. In that case, buying retailers, techno

35、logy companies and financial firms makes sense.But at 16 months and counting, this recession looks more and more U-likeone in which a rebound takes time. Thats the picture Roubini is painting. He says no, amount of government stimulus can make us shoppers againwe have too much debt. When payc-hecks

36、resume or start to grow again, lenders will get that cash, not retailers. Consumer spending made up as much as 70% of the economy before the bust. With less shopping, Roubini says, there is little chance for a quick rebound.11 Which of the following shows that the recession is on the way of recovery

37、?（A）Housing prices are falling.（B） Banks are making profits.（C） Customers confidence is up.（D）The stock market is better than ever.12 What is professor Roubinis view on the present recession?（A）People should invest in stocks rather than bonds.（B） Its experiencing steady and quick recovery.（C） Unempl

38、oyment is still on the way up.（D）Buying retailers makes sense at present.13 In time of the 1990s recession, what would people probably do when recovery had come according to the passage?（A）Buy stocks and homes.（B） Keep money for emergency.（C） Repay your debt with paycheck.（D）Try to find a new job.14

39、 What was characteristic of the recessions in the past few decades according to the passage?（A）They bottomed and rebounded quickly.（B） They didnt last more than one year.（C） The government spent billions on stimulus.（D）People had too much debt to repay.15 Why cant retail industry quickly make money

40、after the recession bottomed according to Roubini?（A）Because the government is not spending enough on stimulus.（B） Because people will pay their money back to their lenders.（C） Because the current recession is U-shaped rather than V.（D）Because consuming made up too much of the economy before the rec

41、ession.15 The War on DrugsIn the late 1960s and early 1970s, New York legislators faced a drug problem they feared was growing out of control. Federal statistics showed as many as 559,000 users nationwide and state police saw a 31 percent increase in drug arrests by 1972. In response Gov. Nelson Roc

42、kefeller created the Narcotic Addiction and Control Commission in 1967, aimed at helping addicts get clean. After the program proved too costly and ineffective, New York launched the Methadone (美沙 酮) Maintenance Program, which similarly caused little reduction in drug use. But by 1973, calls for str

43、icter penalties had grown too loud to ignore, prompting Albany to pass legislation that created required minimum sentences of 15 years to life for possession of four ounces of narcoticsabout the same as a sentence for second-degree murder. The provisions became known as the Rockefeller Drug Lawsa mi

44、lestone in Americas war on drugs and the subject of one of the most abrasive (粗鲁的) legal tug-of-wars in the nation. The laws almost immediately led to an increase in drug convictions, but no measurable decrease in overall crime. Meanwhile, critics argued that they made what was primarily a public he

45、alth problem criminal, threw nonviolent criminals into jail who were better off in treatment, caused a jump in recidivism (惯犯) rates, and prevented judges from using discretion (酌情处理权)in sentencing. In January, during his State of the State address, New York Gov. David Pater-son told his audience: “

46、 I cant think of a criminal justice strategy that has been more unsuccessful than the Rockefeller Drug Laws.“The effect of the new sentencing guidelines has been dramatic. Drug offenders as a percentage of New Yorks prison population surged from 11% in 1973 to a peak of 35% in 1994, according to the

47、 states Corrections Deportment. The surge was mostly a result of convictions for “nonviolent, low-level drug possession and drug sales“, Paterson told Time, “ people who were addicted and were selling to try to maintain their habits.“ According to Paterson, just 16% had a history of violence. In 197

48、9, the laws were amended, reducing penalties for marijuana (大麻) possession. But despite the ongoing criticism in New York, other states began to pass laws to deal with their own drug problems.By the mid-1980s, the war on drugs was in full swing, as the epidemic threatened to overwhelm American citie

49、s criminal justice systems. Drug crimes had become increasingly violent, prompting calls for even stricter required minimum sentencing laws. In 1986, the Reagan Administration passed a law requiring federal judges to give fixed sentences to drug offenders based on variables including the amount seized and the presence of firearms.16 What was troubling New York in late 1960s and early 1970s according to the passage?（A）There 559,000 in the drug users in the state.（B） There was a 31 %