EN ISO 12100-2010 en Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction《机械安全性 设计一般原则 风险评估和风险降低》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 12100:2010Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010)Incorporating corrigendum January 2011BS EN ISO 12100:201

2、0 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 12100:2010. It supersedes BS EN ISO 12100-1:2003+A1:2009, BS EN ISO 12100-2:2003+A1:2009 and BS EN ISO 14121-1:2007 which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Commi

3、ttee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This standard was formed by combining the latest versions of ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003 and ISO 14121-1:2007 without introducing technical changes. Although

4、 efforts were made to maintain a balance between the emphases of these individual standards, some compromises have been made. For example, whereas Clause 4 of ISO 12100-1 included requirements and supplementary information for hazard identification, ISO 12100 has adopted the approach of ISO 14121-1

5、by separating the requirements (see Subclause 5.4) from supplementary information (see informative Annex B). This compromise in no way indicates that the identification of hazards has been given a reduced prominence, as it remains a vital stage in the process of designing safe machinery.This publica

6、tion does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 74262 0 ICS 13.110 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the au

7、thority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2010. Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affected31 January 2011 Correction to paginationEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12100 November 2010 ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN ISO 1210

8、0-2:2003, EN ISO 14121-1:2007English Version Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) Scurit des machines - Principes gnraux de conception - Apprciation du risque et rduction du risque (ISO 12100:2010) Sicherheit von Maschinen - Allgem

9、eine Gestaltungsleitstze - Risikobewertung und Risikominderung (ISO 12100:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nat

10、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ve

11、rsion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,

12、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT

13、 EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12100:2010: EThis page deliberately left blankBS EN ISO 12100:20

14、10EN ISO 12100:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12100:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of machinery“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the

15、 status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s

16、ubject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN ISO 12100-2:2003, EN ISO 14121-1:2007. This second edition cancels and replaces ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-1:2003/Amd. 1: 2009, I

17、SO 12100-2:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003/Amd. 1: 2009 and ISO 14121-1:2007 of which it constitutes a consolidation without technical changes. Documentation (e.g. risk assessment, type-C standards) based on these replaced documents need not be updated or revised. This document has been prepared under a mand

18、ate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,

19、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net

20、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12100:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12100:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12100:2010EN ISO 12100:2010 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informativ

21、e) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EC Directive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements

22、 of the New Approach Directive Machinery, 2006/42/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within th

23、e limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO

24、12100:2010ISO 12100:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Strategy for risk assessment and risk reduction.9 5 Risk assessment .12 5.1 General .12 5.2 Information for risk assessment12 5.3 Determi

25、nation of limits of machinery13 5.3.1 General .13 5.3.2 Use limits13 5.3.3 Space limits14 5.3.4 Time limits14 5.3.5 Other limits.14 5.4 Hazard identification .14 5.5 Risk estimation16 5.5.1 General .16 5.5.2 Elements of risk.17 5.5.3 Aspects to be considered during risk estimation19 5.6 Risk evaluat

26、ion 21 5.6.1 General .21 5.6.2 Adequate risk reduction .21 5.6.3 Comparison of risks21 6 Risk reduction22 6.1 General .22 6.2 Inherently safe design measures.23 6.2.1 General .23 6.2.2 Consideration of geometrical factors and physical aspects 23 6.2.3 Taking into account general technical knowledge

27、of machine design .24 6.2.4 Choice of appropriate technology.25 6.2.5 Applying principle of positive mechanical action25 6.2.6 Provisions for stability25 6.2.7 Provisions for maintainability 26 6.2.8 Observing ergonomic principles .26 6.2.9 Electrical hazards27 6.2.10 Pneumatic and hydraulic hazards

28、 .27 6.2.11 Applying inherently safe design measures to control systems.28 6.2.12 Minimizing probability of failure of safety functions .33 6.2.13 Limiting exposure to hazards through reliability of equipment .33 6.2.14 Limiting exposure to hazards through mechanization or automation of loading (fee

29、ding)/ unloading (removal) operations.34 6.2.15 Limiting exposure to hazards through location of setting and maintenance points outside danger zones .34 6.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures 34 6.3.1 General .34 6.3.2 Selection and implementation of guards and protective devices35 6

30、.3.3 Requirements for design of guards and protective devices.40 6.3.4 Safeguarding to reduce emissions43 BS EN ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reserved6.3.5 Complementary protective measures. 44 6.4 Information for use . 46 6.4.1 General requirements. 46 6.4.2 Location and na

31、ture of information for use . 46 6.4.3 Signals and warning devices. 46 6.4.4 Markings, signs (pictograms) and written warnings. 47 6.4.5 Accompanying documents (in particular instruction handbook). 48 7 Documentation of risk assessment and risk reduction 51 Annex A (informative) Schematic representa

32、tion of a machine 52 Annex B (informative) Examples of hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events 53 Annex C (informative) Trilingual lookup and index of specific terms and expressions used in ISO 12100. 63 Bibliography. 75 BS EN ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved v

33、Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a t

34、echnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters

35、 of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulate

36、d to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible

37、for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12100 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery. This first edition of ISO 12100 cancels and replaces ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003 and ISO 14121-1:2007, of which it constitutes a consolidation without technical change

38、. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO 12100-1:2003/Amd.1:2009 and ISO 12100-2:2003/Amd.1:2009. Documentation (e.g. risk assessment, type-C standards) based on these replaced documents need not be updated or revised. BS EN ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010(E) vi ISO 2010 All rights reservedIntroductio

39、n The primary purpose of this International Standard is to provide designers with an overall framework and guidance for decisions during the development of machinery to enable them to design machines that are safe for their intended use. It also provides a strategy for standards developers and will

40、assist in the preparation of consistent and appropriate type-B and type-C standards. The concept of safety of machinery considers the ability of a machine to perform its intended function(s) during its life cycle where risk has been adequately reduced. This International Standard is the basis for a

41、set of standards which has the following structure: type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design and general aspects that can be applied to machinery; type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that ca

42、n be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (for example, safety distances, surface temperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (for example, two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards); type-C standards (machin

43、e safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This International Standard is a type-A standard. When a type-C standard deviates from one or more technical provisions dealt with by this International Standard or by a type-B standard, the

44、type-C standard takes precedence. It is desirable that this International Standard be referred to in training courses and manuals to convey basic terminology and general design methods to designers. ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this In

45、ternational Standard. BS EN ISO 12100:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12100:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction 1 Scope This International Standard specifies basic terminology, principles and a methodology for achi

46、eving safety in the design of machinery. It specifies principles of risk assessment and risk reduction to help designers in achieving this objective. These principles are based on knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents and risks associated with machinery. Procedures are de

47、scribed for identifying hazards and estimating and evaluating risks during relevant phases of the machine life cycle, and for the elimination of hazards or the provision of sufficient risk reduction. Guidance is given on the documentation and verification of the risk assessment and risk reduction pr

48、ocess. This International Standard is also intended to be used as a basis for the preparation of type-B or type-C safety standards. It does not deal with risk and/or damage to domestic animals, property or the environment. NOTE 1 Annex B gives, in separate tables, examples of hazards, hazardous situ

49、ations and hazardous events, in order to clarify these concepts and assist the designer in the process of hazard identification. NOTE 2 The practical use of a number of methods for each stage of risk assessment is described in ISO/TR 14121-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies