EN 913-2008 en Gymnastic equipment - General safety requirements and test methods《体操器械 一般安全技术要求和检验方法》.pdf

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1、BS EN 913:2008ICS 97.220.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDGymnastic equipment General safetyrequirements and testmethodsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 July2009. BSI 2009IS

2、BN 978 0 580 58747 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 913:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 913:2008. Itsupersedes BS EN 913:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SW/1

3、36/22, Gymnasium and playing field equipmentA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Bri

4、tish Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 913:2008EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 913November 2008ICS 97.220.30 Supersedes EN 913:1996 English VersionGymnastic equipment - General safety requirements and testmethodsMatriel de gymnastique - Exigences gnrales d

5、e scuritet mthodes dessaiTurngerte - Allgemeine sicherheitstechnischeAnforderungen und PrfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 September 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard

6、 the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Ger

7、man). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Rep

8、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NO

9、RMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 913:2008: EBS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Norma

10、tive references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Hazard assessment .5 5 General safety requirements 5 6 Marking .8 Annex A (normative) Determination of entrapment .9 Annex B (normative) Mechanical loading for determination of stability and strength .13 Annex C (normative) Determination of shock absorp

11、tion of padding .18 BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 913:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status

12、 of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pa

13、tent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 913:1996. This European Standard is one of several standards, each of which deals with a particular type or a particular group of gymnastic equipment. Gymnastic eq

14、uipment of any type not covered by a relevant European Stan-dard is covered by this general standard. The principal changes from the previous edition of EN 913 are as follows: a) Requirements on stability and strength were amended by means of a formula with regard to the differen-tiation of rigid an

15、d sectional gymnastic equipment; b) Figure 1 was extended with examples of permissible parts; c) requirements regarding entrapment were expanded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European St

16、andard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repub-lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingd

17、om. BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies general safety requirements and test methods for all pieces of gymnastic equipment intended for use supervised by a competent person and not specified in other, individual standards. This European Standard is not applicable

18、 to other sport equipment, playground equipment, stationary training equipment or educational training equipment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated refer

19、ences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1991-1-1, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-1: General actions Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-3: General actions Snow loads EN

20、 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-4: General actions Wind actions EN 1991-1-5, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-5: General actions Thermal actions EN ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic termi-nology, methodology (ISO

21、12100-1:2003) ISO 6487, Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 hazard source of possible injury or damage to health 3.2 body mass mass of the person(s) using the eq

22、uipment 3.3 static load load acting on the equipment due to its structure, added weights and prestressed components 3.4 dynamic factor factor to take account of the increase in effective body mass during a dynamic movement 3.5 safety factor factor intended to cover uncertainties in the body loading

23、and dynamic factor used, and which does not cover allowance for variations in materials and manufacturing processes BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 5 3.6 variable load loads due to factors other than the static and body loads 4 Hazard assessment The assessment of hazards has been based on EN ISO 12100

24、-1. Twelve categories of hazard or sources of hazard have been considered relevant to gymnastic equipment. These are as follows: a) crushing; b) shearing; c) cutting and severing; d) entanglement and trapping; e) impact; f) stabbing or puncture; g) friction and abrasion; h) insufficient mechanical s

25、trength; i) use of unsuitable material; j) unintended movement, including sliding; k) unsuitable ergonomic design; l) fire; m) wrong or missing information. 5 General safety requirements 5.1 Surface finish There shall be no protruding nails, projecting wire rope terminations or pointed or sharp-edge

26、d components. Rough surfaces should not present any risk of injury. All welds shall be smooth. Protruding bolt threads within any accessible part of the equipment shall be permanently covered, e.g. dome headed nuts. Nuts and bolt heads that project less than 8 mm are permitted in non accessible part

27、s, provided they are free from burrs. Corners, edges and projecting parts within the space occupied by the user that protrude more than 8 mm, and which are not shielded by adjacent areas that are not more than 25 mm from the end of the projecting part, shall be rounded off. The minimum radius of the

28、 curve shall be 3 mm. Figure 1 shows examples of protection for nuts and bolts and permissible protruding parts. Figure 2 shows examples of non-permissible protruding parts. NOTE This requirement is intended only to prevent injuries caused by unintended contact with components. BS EN 913:2008EN 913:

29、2008 (E) 6 Dimensions in millimetres a) Examples of protection for nuts and bolts b) Examples of permissible protruding parts Figure 1 Examples of permissible parts Dimensions in millimetres a) Uncovered protruding exterior screw thread b) Unprotected, overhanging sharp-edged (hard) equipment part F

30、igure 2 Examples of non-permissible protruding parts BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 7 5.2 Entrapment 5.2.1 Gaps and shearing/crushing points When in use there shall be no openings, gaps and/or shearing/crushing points that can create a danger of head and neck or finger entrapment and where components

31、 of equipment are able to move relative to each other or to the floor, either by design or through deflection or bending under load, no entrapment point shall be created by such movement. These requirements shall be assessed by carrying out a visual inspection and measurement using the meth-ods spec

32、ified in Annex A. No danger of head and neck entrapment is considered to exist where the lowest part of the circumference of an opening is less than 600 mm above floor level. Where an item of equipment may be used at different heights or in different orientations, all possible heights and orientatio

33、ns must be considered. These requirements also apply to all parts used during adjustment and transportation of equipment. 5.2.2 Unintentional dropping Where a transport system is used, it shall not be possible for the equipment to drop when loaded at one end with a minimum weight of 750 N. When a tr

34、ansport system encounters a threshold the mechanism shall not be able to disengage or drop unin-tentionally. 5.3 Stability and strength 5.3.1 General Unless specified elsewhere in individual equipment standards, verification of the stability and strength of equipment shall be achieved by engineering

35、 calculation or by testing in accordance with the procedures speci-fied in Annex B. 5.3.2 Stability For stability testing where the normal action produces a destabilising force in a horizontal direction, e.g. vault-ing, the theoretical horizontal test force shall be calculated using the formula give

36、n in B.1.7. The calculation shall give a result which is 35 % of the self weight of the equipment or 50 N, whichever is the greater. Unless specified elsewhere in individual equipment standards, for equipment with unfixed body sections an actual test shall be carried out with a theoretical horizonta

37、l test force of 65 % of the theoretical test force calcu-lated according to the formula given in B.1.7, or 50 N, whichever is the greater. Unfixed body sections shall not become separated. 5.3.3 Strength When tested in accordance with Annex B, equipment shall not collapse or fracture, or show any pe

38、rmanent deformation that would result in an additional safety hazard as described in the standard. 5.4 Adjustment devices Any adjustment devices shall prevent accidental changes during use of the device or the equipment. BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 8 None of the operating levers shall protrude int

39、o the users free space. This shall be assessed by carrying out a visual inspection and operation of the adjustment device. 5.5 Shock absorption of top padding When tested in accordance with the method specified in Annex C, the peak acceleration shall not exceed 500 m/s, if not specified in other, in

40、dividual equipment standards. 6 Marking All gymnastic equipment shall bear the following marking: a) number of the relevant European Standard; b) name, trademark or other means of identification of the manufacturer, retailer or importer; c) year of manufacture; d) number of users for which the equip

41、ment is intended. BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 9 Annex A (normative) Determination of entrapment A.1 Principle Test probes of specified dimensions are offered to potential entrapment points and a note is made of whether or not they can be inserted. In situations of doubt when using the probes relat

42、ing to the tolerance an accurate measurement should be made to ensure the opening is in accordance with the nominal dimension. All tests shall be performed in the most onerous way. A.2 Apparatus Test probes of dimensions as described in Figures A.1 and A.2. A.3 Conditioning and test temperature Cond

43、ition the equipment and test probes for a minimum of 3 h at the test temperature of (23 2) C. A.4 Procedure A.4.1 Head and neck entrapment A.4.1.1 General The probe shall be applied with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the opening. No rotation of the probe about any axis other th

44、an the longitudinal axis is permitted. Translations perpendicular to the longi-tudinal axis of the probe are allowed. The longitudinal axis of the probe is considered to coincide with the longest axis of the probes handle. A.4.1.2 Procedure A.4.1.2.1 General Try to insert the cone shaped probe (see

45、Figure A.1) into the opening. If the probe can enter the opening (opening 110 mm) it shall also pass the opening with its largest dimension (230 mm). A.4.1.2.2 Partially bound openings Try to insert the cone shaped probe (see Figure A.1) into the opening. The probe shall not become stuck. If the pro

46、be can enter the opening it shall touch the bottom of the opening (see Figures A.3 and A.4). BS EN 913:2008EN 913:2008 (E) 10 A.4.1.2.3 V-shaped openings Try to insert the cone shaped probe (see Figure A.1) into the opening along the direction of its median line. The probe shall not become stuck. If

47、 the probe can enter the opening it shall touch the bottom of the opening (see Figures A.3 and A.4). A.4.2 Finger entrapment Try to insert the 8 mm diameter finger rod (see Figure A.2) into each relevant opening and, if the rod does not pass through, rotate it as illustrated in Figure A.5. Record an

48、d report if the rod enters the opening and if it locks in any position when moved through the conical arc shown in Figure A.5. If the 8 mm diameter finger rod passes through the opening, apply the 25 mm diameter finger rod (see Figure A.2). Record and report if the 25 mm diameter finger rod passes t

49、hrough the opening and, if it does, whether ac-cess is then given to another finger entrapment site. No opening which presents a risk of finger entrapment is permissible. An opening is considered to present a risk of finger entrapment if it can accommodate the 8 mm probe but not the 25 mm probe or its profile is such that the 8 mm probe can become locked in position or 25 mm probe cannot be inserted a full 100 mm into the opening and the opening gives access to another entrapment site A.5 Expression of results Report all