DIN EN 15415-3-2012 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 3 Method by image analysis for large dimension particles German version EN 15415-3 20.pdf

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1、June 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 7

2、5.160.10!$|t“1898190www.din.deDDIN EN 15415-3Solid recovered fuels Determination of particle size distribution Part 3: Method by image analysis for large dimension particlesEnglish translation of DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe Bestimmung der Partikelgrenverteilung Teil 3: Bildanalyse

3、nverfahren fr groe PartikelEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06Combustibles solides de rcupration Dtermination de la distribution granulomtrique Partie 3: Mthode par analyse dimages des particules de grande dimensionTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06www.beuth.deDocument compris

4、es 15 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.05.12 DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels” (Secretariat: SFS, Finland). T

5、he responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-83 AA Sekundrbrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO

6、 565 DIN ISO 565 ISO 3310-1 DIN ISO 3310-1 ISO 3310-2 DIN ISO 3310-2 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings DIN ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1:

7、 Test sieves of metal wire cloth DIN ISO 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated plates EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15415-3 April 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distri

8、bution - Part 3: Method by image analysis for large dimension particlesCombustibles solides de rcupration - Dtermination de la distribution granulomtrique - Partie 3: Mthode par analyse dimages des particules de grande dimension Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrenverteilung - Teil

9、 3: Bildanalysenverfahren fr groe Partikel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

10、Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tra

11、nslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl

12、and, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROP

13、ISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15415-3:2012: EEN 15415-3:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 42 Normative re

14、ferences 43 Terms and definitions .54 List of symbols and abbreviations .65 Principle 65.1 Principles of sampling 65.2 Principle of determining the dimension(s) 75.3 Principle of filaments characterisation .86 Apparatus .87 Procedure .87.1 Preparation of the sampling plan .87.2 Procedure for taking

15、the field sample and producing the laboratory sample(s) 97.3 Procedure for quantification of maximum projected length and characterisation of filaments 108 Precision 119 Test report . 11Bibliography . 13DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 EN 15415-3:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15415-3:2012) has been pr

16、epared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national st

17、andards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 15415, Solid recovered fu

18、els Determination of particle size distribution, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Screen method for small dimension particles Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles Part 3: Method by image analysis for large dimension particles According to the CEN/CEN

19、ELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuan

20、ia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 EN 15415-3:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This document is dedicated to outlining an optical method for characterizing the size of pie

21、ces of solid recovered fuel (SRF) that exhibit an irregular shape and are generally large in size. Typical examples are shredded end-of-life tyres or demolition woods. When such products reach the end-of-life stage, they continue to exhibit the very strong mechanical properties for which they were d

22、esigned and fabricated. For instance, tyres are designed and fabricated to withstand cutting. Therefore, it is wise to minimise shredding when producing SRF from these end-of-life products. This results in a general in production of SRF pieces exhibiting an irregular shape and large size. These SRF

23、cannot be characterised using the sieving method specified in EN 15415-1 which utilises well-known distribution curves and a series of test sieves. Consequently, the method specified in this document is an optical method based on the determination of the maximum projected length and accompanied by a

24、n appropriate statistical evaluation. This maximum projected length approach is needed for sake of testing; but it is mainly needed to facilitate the use of these solid recovered fuels. Safe transportation (e.g. with conveyer) and introduction into the combustion zone are dependent on the design and

25、 operations adapted to such maximum length. In this document, the maximum projected length determination is complemented with a characterisation of the filaments protruding from the SRF pieces (see 3.1). This document is based on CEN/TS 14243, AFNOR XP T47-753, AFNOR XP T47-756, AFNOR XP T47-757, AF

26、NOR NF X11-696:1989 and ISO 13320. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the determination of particle size distribution of solid recovered fuels using an image analysis method. It applies to both agglomerated and non-agglomerated solid, recovered, fuel pieces exhibiting an irregular shape, such

27、as shredded end-of-life tyres and demolition woods. It provides the determination of the maximum projected length as well as parameters such as equivalent diameter. It also gives a characterisation of the filaments protruding from the SRF pieces. 2 Normative references The following documents, in wh

28、ole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels

29、Terminology, definitions and descriptions ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings ISO 3310-1 Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 EN 15415-3:2012 (E) 5 3 T

30、erms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 filaments filiform parts protruding from pieces of solid recovered fuel (SRF) generally of a metallic and or textile nature SOURCE: EN 15415-2:2012, 3.1 3.2 format of

31、a large piece of SRF format based on the distribution of the maximum projected length SOURCE: EN 15415-2:2012, 3.2 DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 EN 15415-3:2012 (E) 6 4 List of symbols and abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations are used in this document: LDF Lower dimension of the format (mm

32、) HDF Higher dimension of the format (mm) L Maximum projected length MS Mass of the laboratory sample (kg) MF Mass of the fine pieces (kg) MLM Mass of the loose metal wires NCC Number of central classes NCR Number of classes in the range from LDF to HDF TNP Total number of pieces in the sample not i

33、ncluding the fine pieces MPF Mass percentage of the fine pieces MPM Mass percentage of the loose metal wires NPL Number percentage of large pieces MPL Mass percentage of large pieces (optional) NPC Number percentage of NCC MPC Mass percentage of NCC (optional) SRF Solid recovered fuel MLF Minimum le

34、ngth of a filament (mm) MLF1 Minimum length of a filament (mm) for the criterion average number of filaments per piece MLF2 Minimum length of a filament (mm) for the criterion number percentage of pieces having at least one filament ANPF Average number per piece of filaments longer than MLF1 NPF Num

35、ber percentage of pieces having at least one filament longer than MLF2 NOTE In this document “mass percentage“ is used for “mass fraction expressed as percent“ to maintain continuity with other symbols and their abbreviations that do not designate mass fractions. 5 Principle 5.1 Principle of samplin

36、g The main principle of sampling is to obtain a representative sample or representative samples from a whole lot (of defined material) from which a characteristic is to be determined. If the lot is to be represented by a sample, then it is necessary that every particle in the lot have an equal proba

37、bility of being included in the sample (i.e. probabilistic sampling). Whenever this principle cannot be applied in practice, the sampler shall define a procedure as close as possible to probabilistic sampling in their judgement (i.e. judgemental sampling) and note the limitations in the sampling pla

38、n and sampling report. In general, it is difficult to take samples in a way that satisfies the principle of correct sampling when a material is stationary (for example in a stockpile, big bag or silo). With regard to large pieces of irregular shape (e.g. pieces that include protruding filaments), it

39、 is necessary to take samples if the material is in movement. DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 EN 15415-3:2012 (E) 7 NOTE The determination of properties other than dimensions can result in different sampling requirements. This is the case when determining physical properties such as bulk density or chemical

40、composition. 5.2 Principle of the determination of dimension A laboratory sample of at least TNP 100 separate elements not passing through the LDF sieve is taken for the test. The mass of the laboratory sample, MS, is weighed to within 0,01 kg. Any elements consisting solely of metal wires released

41、from the pieces of solid recovered fuel are not counted in the TNP pieces. They are collected and weighed together (MLM in kilograms). After passing through a LDF sieve, the mass of the fine pieces, MF, is weighed to within 0,01 kg. The pieces not passing through the sieve (without loose metal wires

42、) are used to determine the maximum lengths and constitute the test portion for determination purposes. Each piece of this test portion is treated individually. As these pieces are not usually flat, the largest length is defined as the largest length projected onto a plane on which the piece in ques

43、tion lies. This length is measured to within 5 mm without deforming the piece and excluding protruding filaments. The measurements of the different maximum projected lengths, L, are used for drawing a histogram (see Figure 1) that is a characteristic of the distribution of the pieces of the test por

44、tion, i.e. the laboratory sample without the fine pieces and without the loose metal wires. This histogram consists of the large pieces (a class larger than the HDF threshold dimension of the large pieces) and NCR = 7 classes of the same width between the LDF and HDF dimensions. Figure 1 Example of

45、a histogram The following three characteristics of the histogram are extracted from these measurements: a) the number percentage of large pieces, NPL (and optionally, the mass percentage of large pieces, MPL, corresponding to the pieces larger than the higher dimension of the HDF format where HDF is

46、 one of the characteristics of the format of the product under consideration, e.g. 350 mm); b) the mass percentage of the fine pieces, MPF = 100 MF/MS (mass percentage of the pieces passing through the sieve with a mesh of LDF where LDF is one of the characteristics of the product format under consi

47、deration, e.g. 25 mm); c) the number percentage, NPC (and optionally the mass percentage, MPC) of the pieces in the number of central classes (NCC) (2-3-4-5-6) amongst the classes NCR = 7 between the lower and higher dimensions of the format (LDF and HDF). DIN EN 15415-3:2012-06 EN 15415-3:2012 (E)

48、8 5.3 Principle of filaments characterisation From the method for evaluating the filaments of shredded materials, the following two parameters are determined: a) ANPF: average number per piece of filaments longer than MLF1; b) NPF: number percentage of pieces having at least one filament longer than MLF2. This evaluation is based on a measurement by image analysis as specified in the following sub-clauses which determine the filaments as filiform me