CAN CSA-ISO 9241-7-2000 Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) - Part 7 Requirements for Display with Reflections (First Edition).pdf

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1、National Standard of Canada CAN/CSA=ISO 9241 -7-00 CSA INTERNATIONAL y-. (IS0 9241 -7:1998) International Standard IS0 9241- 21998 (first edition, 1998-04-01) has been adopted without modification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-IS0 9241-7-00, which has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the

2、Standards Council of Canada. r ISBN 1-55324-264-5 December 2000 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 7: Exigen

3、ces daffichage concernant les rflexions =wax this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic revi

4、ew; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 270 Albert Street, Suite 200 Ottawa, Ontario, KI P 6N7 Canada A National Standard of

5、Canada is a standard which CSA INTERNATIONAL / Les normes nationales du Canada sont publies en versions franaise et anglaise. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitab

6、ility for their particular purpose. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections CAN/CSA-IS0 924 1-7-00 CAN/CSA-IS0 9241 -;7-OO Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Req

7、uirements for dispZay with reflections CSA Preface This is the first edition of CSA Standard CANKSA-IS0 9241 -7, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Requiremeivts for display with reflections, which is an adoption without modification of the identica

8、lly titled IS0 (International Organization for Standardization) Standard 9241-7:1998 (first edition, 1998-04-01). This IS0 Standard was developed by the IS0 Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 SC 4. It is part of the series of IS0 9241 Standards that address ergonomic requirements for off ice work with v

9、isual display terminals. In conjunction with the adoption of this Standard, CSA is issuing a new edition of CSA Standard 241 2, Guideline on Office Ergonomics. Basic principles andl information from the IS0 Standards have been used in the development of this CSA guideline. This Standard was reviewed

10、 for Canadian adoption by the CSA Technical Committee on Office Ergonomics under the jurisdiction of the Strategic !Steering Committee on Occupational Health and Safety, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. A list of the members of the Technical Committee is available upon requ

11、est. Thiis Standard has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. December 2000 O CSA international - 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repralduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher. IS0 material i

12、s reprinted with permission. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to CSA International, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M9W 1 R3. December 2000 CSA/1 I NTE Ri NAT I ON AL STANDARD IS0 9241 -7 First edition 1998-04-01 Ergonomic requirements for off

13、ice work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 7: Exige.nces daffichage concernant les rflexions Reference number IS0 9241 -7: 1998( E) IS0 9241-7:199

14、8(E) Contents PEige 1 Scope 2 Normative references . 3 Definitions and symbols . 4 Guiding principles . 5 Performance objectives 6 Requirements . 7 Measurements and calculations 8 Compliance . Annex A: Alternative test method . Annex B: Graphical report format Annex C: Worked example . Annex D: Bibl

15、iography . 1 1 2 7 7 7 9 16 18 22 26 31 O IS0 1998 All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and microfilm . without permission in writing from the publisher I

16、nternational Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-121 1 Genve 20 Switzerland Internet centralQiso.ch X.400 c=ch; a=400net: D=iso: o=isocs: s=contral II 0 IS0 IS0 9241 -7:1998(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national sta

17、ndards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that commlittee. International o

18、rganizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees a

19、re circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 9241 -7 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human system

20、 interaction. IS0 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): - Part 1: General lntroduction - Part 2: Guidance on task requirements - Part 3: Visual display requirements - Part 4: Keyboard requirements Pa

21、rt 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements - - Part 6: Environmental requirements Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections - - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours - Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices - Part 10: Llialogue principles - Part 11: Guidance on usab

22、ility - Part 12: Presentation of information . 111 IS0 9241-7:1998(E) Part 13: User guidance Part 14: Menu dialogues Part 15: Command dialogues Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues Part 1 7: Form- filling dialogues - - - - - 0 IS0 Annexes A, B, C and D of this part of IS0 9241 are for information

23、only. iv 0 IS0 IS0 9241-7:1998(E) In trod uction Visual display terminals (VDTs) are subject to reflections of environmental luminance and illuminance from the display device surfaces. Under some conditions, the reflections become disturbing to the user and affect both comfort and task performance.

24、The objective of this part of IS0 9241 is to maintain usable and acceptable VDT image quality in luminous environ- ments that can cause reflections from the screen. The document 11s intended for evaluators and users of VDTs. It is intended to be used with IS0 8995, IS0 9241-3, IS0 9241-6 and IS0 924

25、1-8 to provide guidance for the visual ergonomics of the VDT workplace. Compliance with this part of IS0 9241 is dependent on the hardware characteristics of the VDT, except for polarity that can be application- dependent. This pari of IS0 9241 contains requirements and methods for measurement of th

26、e image quality of VDTs used in luminous environments that can cause specular and diffuse reflections from the screen. IS0 9241 -3 and IS0 9241 -8 contain requirements that deal with luminance and luminance ratios for VDT images measured under conditions that exclude specular reflections. These part

27、s of IS0 9241 interact with this pan of IS0 9241. VDTs that meet the interacting requirements and recommendations of IS0 9241-3 and IS0 9241-8 do not necessarily meet those of this part IS0 9241 and vice versa. IS0 9241 -6 and IS0 8995 contain specific recommendations concerning design of the workpl

28、ace luminous environment to minimize sources of glare. The luminous environment conditions used to determine compliance with this part of IS0 9241 are drawn from, or are consistent with recommendations and requirements of these International Standards. The luminous environment values used to determi

29、ne compliance to this pari of IS0 9241 do not constitute specific recommendations or requirements for workplace lightiing. The burden of a visually acceptable VDT workplace is a tradeoff between the display hardware and the VDT environment. To acknowledge that tradeoff, compliance with this part of

30、IS0 9241 has been developed in three classes, each with rules for decision based on environmental assumptions. Although the decision rules are not expected to be exactly duplicated in the workplace environment, they do correspond approximately to general types of workplace environment to which VDTs

31、are expected to be suitable: V IS0 9241-7:1998(E) IS0 Class Environment I II III suitable for general office use suitable for most, but not all, office environments requiring a specially controlled luminous environment for use An alternative test method is provided for VDTs whose characteristics pre

32、clude use of the quantitative test method. NOTE - IS0 13406 extends the definitions, requirements, and test method of this part of IS0 9241 for flat panels whose colour and/or luminance contrast is strongly dependent on the direction from which they are viewed, and whose reflection characteristics c

33、an vary with the logical state of the screen. vi INTERNATIONAL STANDARD (9 IS0 IS0 9241-7:1998(E) Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections 1 Scope This pari of IS0 9241 establishes image quality requirements for V

34、DTs used in luminous environments that may cause reflections from the screen. The requirements are stated as lperformance or design specifications, and test methods are provided. applies to the ergonomic design of direct-view electronic displays for office tasks, including such activities as data en

35、try, text processing and interactive inquiry. Office tasks are performed indoors, without exposure to direct sunlight. The recommendations can possibly be appropriate for other tasks, including process control, graphic design and computer-aided design, but their applicability has not been establishe

36、d. applies to monochrome and multicolour displays. The following displays and similar types are excluded from the scope of this part of IS0 9241: multi-user projection displays, transparent displays and virtual image displays. applies to VDTs for which its test method is suitable. The test method is

37、 limited to VDTs whose colour and/or luminance contrast does not vary strongly as a function of the viewing direction, and whose reflection properties do not vary as a function of the logical state of the screen. The test method is suitable for emissive VDT technologies, such as cathode ray tubes, a

38、nd some flat panels. NOTE - VDTs using display devices for which the test method of this pari of IS0 9241 is not suitable (for example, liquid crystal displays) are directed to IS0 134063-2. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in the text, const

39、itute provisions of this part of IS0 9241. At the time of publication, the editions indic:ated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this pari of IS0 9241 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard

40、s indicated below. Members of IS0 and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 9241 -3:1992. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 3: Visual dis- play requirements. IS0 9241 -8:1997, Ergonomic requirernents for office work wi

41、th visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Require- ments for displayed colours. CIE 17.4: 1989, International Lighting Vocabulary. 1 IS0 9241-7:1998(E) 0 IS0 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions For purposes of this part of IS0 9241, th definitions apply. definitions give in IS0 9241-3 (exce

42、pt in 3.1.5) and the following 3.1.1 dark room: Room in which the only sources of light are the VDT under test and the prescribed sources of luminance or illuminance. 3.1.2 extended source of luminance: Area of uniform luminance, LA(EXT) with a width or diameter of at least 15“ measured from the VDT

43、 screen centre. 3.1.3 luminance coefficient (at a surface element, in a given direction, under specified conditions of illumination)q/, 171: Quotient of the luminance of the surface element in the given direction by the illuminance of the medium. see IEC (50) 845-04-711. NOTE - It is expressed per s

44、teradian. 3.1.4 luminance factor (at a surface element of a non-self-radiating medium, in a given direction, under specified conditions of illumination)(a, p): Ratio of the luminance of the surface element in the given direction to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically il

45、luminated based on IEC (50) 845-04-69 unit: 11 (unit: 1). 3.1.5 luminance ratio: Ratio between a higher and a lower area-average luminance, in which each luminance in the ratio is the sum of emitted and reflected luminance components, with one or more components common to both the numerator and the

46、denominator. NOTE - To reduce potential confusion, the terms contrast and luminance contrast are avoided in this part of IS0 9241. The luminance ratios of this part of IS0 9241 do not correspond to the luminance contrast within and between character details of IS0 9241 -3. 3.1.6 negative polarity: C

47、ondition in which the foreground luminance LF is the highest luminance level of the display, and the background luminance, Lp, is the lowest luminance level of the display. 3.1.7 positive polarity: Condition in which the foreground luminance LF is the lowest luminance level of the display, and the b

48、ackground luminance, LB is the highest luminance level of the display. 3.1.8 reflectometer value: Value measured using the test method of this part of IS0 9241 for the diffuse luminance coefficient, RD (an estimate of 9) and the specular reflection factor, Rs (an estimate of p). NOTE - The measured

49、reflectometer value depends on the geometric characteristics of the test method, on the illuminant, on the spectral sensitivity of the detector (even when equipped with filters), and on the reference standard used. Adapted from CIE 50(845): 19871. 3.1.9 screen tilt angle, IX Angle formed by the intersection of the plane tangent to the centre of the display and the horizontal plane. NOTES 1 This is identical to the angle A in 6.1.2 of IS0 9241-3:1992. 2 Figure 1 shows the intended angle. 3 Screen tilt angle is expressed in degrees. 2