BS ISO 3454-2008 Hydrometry - Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment《液体比重测定法 直接测深和悬挂设备》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 3454:2008Hydrometry Direct depth sounding and suspension equipmentICS 17.120.20g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g

2、58BS ISO 3454:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 55341 7National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 3454:2008. It supersedes BS 3680-8B:1983 which is withdrawn. Th

3、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CPI/113, Hydrometry, to Subcommittee CPI/113/5, Measuring instruments and equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to includ

4、e all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO3454Third edition2008-04-15Reference num

5、berISO 3454:2008(E)Hydrometry Direct depth sounding and suspension equipmentHydromtrie Matriel de sondage et de suspension pour le mesurage direct de la profondeurBS ISO 3454:2008ii iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Sounding equipment . 15 Suspension equipme

6、nt . 26 Performance requirements . 3Annex A (informative) Selection of sounding (sinker) weight 6Annex B (informative) Corrections for length of sounding line when measuring depth with the line not normal to the surface 7Bibliography . 8BS ISO 3454:2008ivForewordISO (the International Organization f

7、or Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the r

8、ight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International

9、Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anIn

10、ternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 3454 wa

11、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommittee SC 5, Instruments,equipment and data management.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3454:1983), which has been technically revised.BS ISO 3454:2008vIntroductionThe choice of suspension and sounding equ

12、ipment depends on the depth of flow, the velocity of the current andthe method of discharge measurement (by wading, from a boat, from a manned cableway or from a bridge).BS ISO 3454:2008blank1Hydrometry Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment1ScopeThis International Standard specifies the fun

13、ctional requirements of the equipment, excluding banksidecableway systems, used in the measurement of liquid flow in open channels fora) sounding (by direct method), andb) suspending the measuring equipment (for example, current-meter or sediment sampler) at the point ofmeasurement.2 Normative refer

14、encesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 772, Hydrometry Vocabulary and symbols3 Ter

15、ms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 772 apply.4 Sounding equipment4.1 GeneralTo obtain the correct vertical depth of water from surface to bed, either a sounding-rod or a sounding line is useddepending on the velocity and depth of flow. The sou

16、nding rod can also be a wading rod. For measurements byeither sounding rod or wading rod, the rod shall be held in a vertical position. For measurements by soundingline, appropriate weights shall be attached to keep it as close as practicable to vertical. Sounding equipmentcan also be employed as su

17、spension equipment. Requirements for the deployment of suspension equipment,as described in Clause 5, also apply to sounding equipment.4.2 Sounding rod, wading rod and sounding lineA sounding rod is a graduated rigid rod with a base plate; it is used for measurement of depths up to to in medium velo

18、cities (up to ). For smaller depths and velocities, a wading rod is used; for greater depths, asounding line is used.5m 6m2 m/sBS ISO 3454:200825 Suspension equipment5.1 Basic requirementsThe basic requirements for making observations in flowing water with the help of meter-suspension equipmentare a

19、s follows.a) Measuring equipment shall be placed at the point of measurement in such a way that it does not causeappreciable disturbances, irrespective of the depth of water and velocity of flow.b) Supporting devices, such as cableways, bridges and boats or wading rods, shall be appropriate to theme

20、asuring equipment suspended from them and capable of supporting the safe working load of theequipment with a suitable factor of safety.c) The method of deployment shall be in accordance with local health and safety regulations.5.2 Types of suspension5.2.1 GeneralSeveral types of suspension equipment

21、 have been developed to suit the basic requirements in 5.1. These canbe classified into two broad categories:a) rigid-rod suspension equipment;b) cable suspension equipment.5.2.2 Rigid-rod suspension equipment5.2.2.1 GeneralThis type of equipment has the merit that the current-meter or sediment samp

22、ler can be placed at the point ofmeasurement without any appreciable deflection from the vertical at which the observations are being made.Rigid-rod suspension equipment includes:a) hand-operated suspension equipment, such as a wading rod;b) mechanically operated rigid-rod suspension equipment such

23、as a rack-and-pinion arrangement.5.2.2.2 Hand-held suspension equipmentHand-held suspension equipment is simple to operate, can be manufactured from local resources, and can beused in water of depths up to approximately and velocities of . In the case of wading rods, the limits forthe depth and velo

24、city are approximately and , respectively.5.2.2.3 Mechanically operated suspension equipmentMechanically operated rigid-rod equipment is preferable because of the accuracy with which the instrument canbe placed at the point of measurement, but it is heavier and requires very careful installation wit

25、h suitablestabilizing counter-weights. This type of equipment can be used in water of depths up to approximately andvelocities up to approximately . Limitations on the use of the equipment shall be clearly established andattached to the equipment so that safe working limits are not exceeded. Special

26、 care is needed in the presenceof overhead power cables.3m 2 m/s1m 1 m/s6m3 m/sBS ISO 3454:200835.2.3 Cable suspension equipmentCable suspension equipment is generally used in measurement of deep streams where rigid-rod suspensionequipment cannot be used. Cableway systems for stream gauging are spec

27、ified in ISO 4375.Depending on the depth and velocity encountered, suitable weights are attached to the cable suspension tokeep the cable as vertical as possible. Guidance on the selection of sounding weights is given in Annex A. If,with the maximum permissible sinker attached, the current-meter and

28、 weight are carried downstream, themeasured depth will be greater than the true depth and will therefore require correction. In such situationswhere large vertical angles are induced, two separate corrections are required. These corrections are an “air-line” correction for that part of the cable whi

29、ch is between the point of suspension and the surface of water, anda “wet-line” correction for that portion of the cable which is in the water (see Annex B). To prevent large verticalangles, it may be necessary to use weights of several hundred kilograms to keep the cable as vertical aspossible. Han

30、d-operated or power-driven gauging-reels and cranes should handle such weights with anappropriate safe working load.Cable suspension equipment includes:a) hand-line suspension;b) crane and gauging reel.A hand-line suspension is operated by hand, is simple in design, and can be manufactured from loca

31、lresources. Its application shall be limited to use with weights up to and velocities up to . Gauging-reel suspension can be used under most conditions of flow. This type of equipment shall include an automaticbrake and a means of overload protection.6 Performance requirements6.1 Rigid rods for soun

32、ding and suspension6.1.1 Sounding rodThe sounding rod shall comply with the following requirements.a) It shall be straight and remain vertical during use.b) It shall be made as lightweight as possible, but have sufficient strength to withstand the force due to flowingwater without itself undergoing

33、any significant deflection or vibration.c) It shall not cause significant heading up of water due to its own obstruction.d) The smallest graduation should preferably correspond to .e) It shall not penetrate into the bed of the channel.6.1.2 Suspension rodIn addition to the requirements in 6.1.1 a) t

34、o e), the suspension rod shall have a suitable stabilizing arrangementto enable it to maintain proper orientation, especially when the immersed portion of the rod is long.Mechanically operated rigid-rod suspension equipment (see 5.2.2.3) shall comply with the following additionalrequirements.a) A lo

35、ad-activated brake shall be incorporated in the winding mechanism to prevent the winding handle fromturning under the action of the load and to hold the suspension rod in the desired position. It shall not bepossible for the sinker to be lowered except by the action of the handle.b) The mechanical a

36、rrangement shall be such that the suspension rod can be raised or lowered without theapplication of excessive effort. Manual handling regulations may apply.15 kg 2 m/s10 mmBS ISO 3454:20084c) There shall be an arrangement for fixing it to a boat or any other structure.d) There shall be sufficient co

37、unter-weights to ensure stability.6.2 Cable suspension equipment6.2.1 GeneralCable suspension equipment shall comply with the requirements in 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.2.4 and 6.2.5.6.2.2 CableThe cable shall comply with the following requirements.a) The current-meter suspension cable shall be corrosion resis

38、tant and preferably pre-formed and reverse-laidto inhibit spinning.b) The cable shall have strength sufficient to support the current-meter and sounding weight with a factor ofsafety of five. Its elongation under load shall not exceed .c) The cable shall be equipped with a suitable attachment for su

39、spending the measuring equipment.d) If the suspension cable serves for the transmission of the signals of the current-meter, it shall incorporate aninsulated conducting core.e) The cable shall be smooth and flexible, so that it can take turns without any permanent bends or twists,which would affect

40、its usability and length.f) When supplied for use as hand-line, the cable shall have a suitable covering to prevent discomfort or injury.g) It shall have a diameter as small as possible consistent with the conditions stated in a) to f) in order toreduce the hydraulic drag to the minimum.6.2.3 Gaugin

41、g reel6.2.3.1 GeneralThe gauging reel shall comply with the following requirements.a) There shall be a device incorporated into the winding mechanism to limit the load on the equipment in theevent of the sounding line becoming overloaded. This device shall be capable of being preset to twice themaxi

42、mum sinker weight specified for the gauging reel.b) It shall be possible to fix the gauging reel securely to the supporting device used for dischargemeasurements (for example, a personnel carriage used on a cableway, a crane used on a bridge or on anA-frame used on boats, etc.). The fixings shall be

43、 able to withstand a load equal to five times the safeworking load specified for the gauging reel.c) There shall be a plug-and-socket arrangement to connect the gauging-reel to the current-meter controller orto any other instrument.d) The diameter of the drum shall be not less than the minimum windi

44、ng diameter recommended for the cableby the manufacturer.e) The drum shall be able to accommodate the specified length of the cable either in a single layer, in whichcase the counter can be connected to the drum, or in several layers. In the latter case, the unwinding of thecable itself shall direct

45、ly operate the counter, and in addition, there shall be an arrangement for obtaining thecorrect winding of the cable on the drum.0,5 %BS ISO 3454:200856.2.3.2 Hand wound reelsThere shall be a load-activated brake incorporated in the winding mechanism to prevent the winding handlefrom turning under t

46、he action of the load and to hold the equipment at any desired position. It shall not bepossible to lower the load other than by winding the handle, or, in the case of large reels, by the action of acontrolling brake, provided it is not possible for the winding handle to be driven by the load in an

47、uncontrolledmanner.It shall be possible to lower or raise the measuring equipment and weights attached by hand without theapplication of excessive effort. The cranking effort should be less than .6.2.3.3 Motorized reelsIt shall not be possible for the load to over-run the motor drive system.The moto

48、r drive train shall be able to withstand a load applied to the sounding line equal to the load limitedsetting.Motor controls shall be designed to revert to the “off” position when controls are released.6.2.4 Vehicle- and boat-mounted cranesThe following requirements and recommendations apply to vehi

49、cle- and boat-mounted cranes.a) The crane shall be of adequate strength to support the gauging reel, the measuring equipment and theweights attached to keep the cable vertical. It shall have a safe working load equal to or greater than fivetimes the safe working load of the gauging reel.b) It shall be of proper design to enable the measuring equipment to be lowered or raised in a vertical planesufficiently far enough from the structure to avoid fouling on parapets and to permit its movement from po