BS ISO 22846-2-2012 Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Code of practice《个人防跌落保护性设备 绳索接近系统 实施规程》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22846-2:2012Personal equipment forprotection against falls Ropeaccess systemsPart 2: Code of practiceBS ISO 22846-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Stan

2、dard is the UK implementation of ISO 22846-2:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/5, Personal Fall Protection.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include a

3、ll the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 66844 9ICS 13.340.60Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British St

4、andard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22846-2:2012 ISO 2012Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Part 2: Code of practicequipement individuel de

5、 protection contre les chutes Systmes daccs par corde Partie 2: Code dapplicationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22846-2First edition2012-03-01Reference numberISO 22846-2:2012(E)BS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846-2:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Un

6、less otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO

7、copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword . vIntroduction . vi1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions

8、. 13 General . 44 Management . 54.1 Underlying principles . 54.2 Management systems 54.3 Planning . 64.4 Hazard identification and risk assessment 64.5 Hazards specific to a rope access method or work task 74.6 Method statements . 84.7 Operating process . 84.8 Worksite classification . 84.9 Supervis

9、ion . 94.10 Levels of rope access operative skills 94.11 Use of tools and equipment . 94.12 Practices 104.13 Communications .104.14 Pre-work checking and checks at the start of each day . 114.15 End of a shift . 114.16 Termination of a job 114.17 Record keeping and review 114.18 Document availabilit

10、y .125 Personnel .125.1 Selection 125.2 Competence 145.3 Training and assessment 145.4 Experience .145.5 Competence levels 155.6 Rope access team size 166 Equipment .176.1 General .176.2 Limits of equipment use and compatibility 176.3 Standards and legal requirements .176.4 Specific criteria for the

11、 selection of rope access equipment 176.5 Equipment marking and traceability 226.6 Records of equipment usage .236.7 Inspection 236.8 Care and cleaning .246.9 Maintenance 246.10 Storage .256.11 Retiring equipment .256.12 Records 257 Working methods 257.1 General .257.2 Safety 267.3 Access system .26

12、7.4 Back-up system .277.5 Specific techniques commonly used in rope access (non-exhaustive) .277.6 Rigging and rope management .277.7 Rigging considerations .27BS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846-2:2012(E)iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved8 Emergency situations 308.1 General .308.2 Suspension intolerance (sus

13、pension trauma) 319 Welfare 31Annex A (informative) Recommended competence requirements 32Annex B (informative) Recommended minimum knowledge for management of rope access workplaces 34Annex C (informative) Additional techniques .36Annex D (informative) Anchor loads .38Annex E (informative) Suspensi

14、on intolerance (formerly known as suspension trauma) .42Bibliography .44BS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846-2:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is

15、normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part

16、in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepa

17、re International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that som

18、e of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 22846-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Personal equipment

19、for protection against falls.ISO 22846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems: Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work Part 2: Code of practice ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846

20、-2:2012(E)IntroductionISO 22846 (all parts) sets out important criteria for the application of rope access systems for industrial purposes.ISO 22846-1 sets out fundamental principles; this part of ISO 22846 expands on these, giving recommendations for planning and management, operative competence an

21、d responsibilities of personnel, supervision, the selection, use and care of equipment, and advice on how to implement a safe system of work.Rope access is a method of working at height, typically using synthetic fibre kernmantel ropes and associated equipment, used to gain access to, be supported a

22、t, and as a means of egress from, a place of work.The application of rope access methods are regarded as a complete system, in which planning, competence and suitable equipment are equally important. The malfunction or removal of any component in the system can weaken the operation or prevent the sy

23、stem from operating properly.This part of ISO 22846 is intended for use by all persons concerned with the use of rope access, including operatives, specifiers, managers, rope access supervisors, purchasing personnel, trainers, clients and regulatory authorities. Users are reminded always to take int

24、o account the entire system and not just the component parts.To ensure a rope access system operates correctly, at least the following factors are important: system management and planning; competence of the operatives and correct team composition; equipment selection, use and maintenance; proper or

25、ganization and execution of working methods.There can also be other issues to consider, depending upon the nature and location of the work, the competence and experience of operatives and possible local or regional legal requirements.A failure or shortcoming in any of the above can render the entire

26、 system deficient.vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 22846-2:2012Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Part 2: Code of practice1 ScopeThis part of ISO 22846 provides recommendations and guidance on the use of rope access methods for work at height and expands on the

27、fundamental principles given in ISO 22846-1, in conjunction with which it is intended to be used. It is intended for use by employers, employees and self-employed persons who use rope access methods, by those commissioning rope access work and by rope access associations. This part of ISO 22846 is a

28、pplicable to the use of rope access methods in any situation where ropes are used as the primary means of access, egress or support and as the primary means of protection against a fall, on both man-made and natural features.This part of ISO 22846 is not intended to apply to the use of rope access m

29、ethods for leisure activities, arboriculture, general steeplejack methods, emergency personal evacuation or to the use of rope rescue (line rescue) techniques by emergency services for rescue work or for rescue training. Nevertheless, individuals engaged in these and similar activities can benefit f

30、rom the advice given in this part of ISO 22846.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1aid climbingmethod of progression in suspension, either by moving from one fixed anchor to another or by the use of moveable anchors or anchor points2

31、.2anchorfixture or place for the attachment of lines or persons2.3anchor lineflexible rope line connected, at one end at least, to an anchor so as to provide a means of support or other safeguard for a personNOTE An anchor line may be a working line or a safety line.2.4anchor pointattachment point a

32、t an anchor for anchor lines or persons2.5anchor slingsling, strop or lanyard made from textiles, wire rope or chain, which is used to provide an anchor point, such as for anchor lines, to anchors to which it is not possible to connect directly2.6ascenderrope adjustment device which, whenever attach

33、ed to an anchor line of appropriate type and diameter, locks under load in one direction and slides freely in the opposite directionINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22846-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846-2:2012(E)2.7back-up devicerope adjustment device for a safety line

34、 of appropriate type and diameter, which accompanies the user during changes of position or allows adjustment of the length of the safety line, and which locks automatically to the safety line or only allows gradual movement along it, whenever a sudden load is applied in one directionNOTE 1 The even

35、t of a fall is an example of when a sudden load is likely to be applied in one direction.NOTE 2 Some back-up devices have the additional capacity to control energy in the event of a fall.2.8competent persondesignated person suitably trained or qualified by knowledge and practical experience to enabl

36、e the required task or tasks to be carried out properly2.9connectoropenable device used to connect components, which enables the user to link himself/herself directly or indirectly to an anchorNOTE Common items are carabiners, but may also include shackles, screw link connectors and other suitable i

37、tems.2.10descendermanually operated, friction-inducing, rope-adjustment device, which, whenever attached to an anchor line of appropriate type and diameter, allows the user to achieve a controlled descent and to stop with hands off anywhere on the anchor line2.11double protectionmethod for protectin

38、g an operative against falls from a height, whereby two separate and independent connections are made from the operatives harness to anchor lines or the structure, such that the failure of any one connection does not lead to a catastrophic failure or fall2.12dynamic roperope specifically designed to

39、 absorb energy in a fall by stretching, thereby minimizing the impact force2.13fall arrest systempersonal fall protection system for work at a height by which a fall is intended to be arrested to prevent the collision of the user with the ground or structure2.14fall factorlength of a potential fall

40、divided by the length of rope or lanyard available to arrest it2.15free fallfall where there is no or only minimal collision with any obstruction and where there is no or only minimal resistance to the effect of gravity2.16harnessarrangement of straps, fittings, buckles or other elements suitably de

41、signed to support the body and provide attachment points for the working line and safety line for rope access work2.17hierarchy of controlsprocess of hazard controls whereby a hazard, once identified and assessed for likelihood and severity, is controlled by elimination or, if this is not possible,

42、is controlled or mitigated in a manner that seeks to provide the most effective and practical outcome, whilst relying as little as possible on user intervention or action2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 22846-2:2012ISO 22846-2:2012(E)2.18kernmantel ropetextile rope consisting of a core enclosed

43、by a sheathNOTE The core is usually the main load-bearing element and typically consists of parallel elements, which have been drawn and turned together in single or multiple layers, or of braided elements. The sheath is generally braided or woven and protects the core from, for example, external ab

44、rasion and ultraviolet degradation.2.19lanyardline or sling used to connect a harness to a safety line, working line or anchorNOTE Also known as a cows tail.2.20lead climbingmethod of progression, not in suspension, in which the operative is supported by the structure and is protected by a safety li

45、ne, which is passed through intermediate anchorsNOTE The safety line is passed through an independently anchored fall protection device, which is operated by another person, and by which a fall can be arrested with a limited force.2.21limited free fallfree fall not greater than 600 mm and with an im

46、pact force not exceeding 6 kN2.22low-stretch ropetextile rope with lower stretch and, therefore, less energy absorption than a dynamic ropeNOTE Sometimes known as a “semi-static rope”.2.23method statementdocument, prepared by a manager, which describes how a particular job (or type of job where seve

47、ral jobs are essentially identical) should be undertaken to ensure that any risks to the health and safety of the operatives, or others who can be affected, are minimizedNOTE 1 The method statement may equally describe how a particular type of job, where several jobs are essentially identical, shoul

48、d be undertaken.NOTE 2 It is also known in some jurisdictions as safety method statement, work method statement or safe work method statement and may form part of documents, such as job safety and environment analysis. Other similar terms may be used in some jurisdictions.2.24restrainttechnique wher

49、eby a person is prevented by means of a harness and other devices from reaching zones where the risk of a fall from a height exists2.25rope accesstechnique using ropes, normally incorporating two separately secured systems, one as a means of access and the other as back-up security, used with a harness in combination with other devices, for getting to and from the place of work and for work positioning2.26rope access managerperson who may define and operate a safe system of work applicable to all worksites ISO 2012 All rights rese