BS ISO 20785-2-2011 Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Characterization of instrument response《民用飞机曝露于宇宙辐射的放射量测定 仪器响应特征》.pdf
《BS ISO 20785-2-2011 Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Characterization of instrument response《民用飞机曝露于宇宙辐射的放射量测定 仪器响应特征》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《BS ISO 20785-2-2011 Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Characterization of instrument response《民用飞机曝露于宇宙辐射的放射量测定 仪器响应特征》.pdf(48页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 20785-2:2011Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraftPart 2: Characterization of instrument responseBS ISO 20785-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational for
2、ewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 20785-2:2011. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This pub
3、lication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 54582 5 ICS 13.280; 49.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published
4、under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 20785-2:2011Reference numberISO 20785-2:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO20785-2First edition2011-06-01Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic ra
5、diation in civilian aircraft Part 2: Characterization of instrument response Dosimtrie de lexposition au rayonnement cosmique dans laviation civile Partie 2: Caractrisation de la rponse des instruments BS ISO 20785-2:2011ISO 20785-2:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved.
6、Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. I
7、SO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 20785-2:2011ISO 20785-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduc
8、tion.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 3.1 General terms 2 3.2 Terms related to quantities and units .7 3.3 Terms related to the atmospheric radiation field.11 4 General considerations.12 4.1 The cosmic radiation field in the atmosphere12 4.2 General considerations for th
9、e dosimetry of the cosmic radiation field in aircraft and requirements for the characterization of instrument response .14 4.3 General considerations for measurements at aviation altitudes .15 5 Calibration fields and procedures .16 5.1 General considerations.16 5.2 Characterization of an instrument
10、 .18 5.3 Instrument-related software .21 6 Uncertainties22 7 Remarks on performance tests22 Annex A (informative) Representative particle fluence energy distributions for the cosmic radiation field at flight altitudes for solar minimum and maximum conditions and for minimum and maximum vertical cut-
11、off rigidity 23 Annex B (informative) Radiation fields recommended for use in calibrations.25 Annex C (informative) Comparison measurements 29 Annex D (informative) Charged-particle irradiation facilities31 Bibliography32 BS ISO 20785-2:2011ISO 20785-2:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword
12、 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
13、 committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of elec
14、trotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the
15、 member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for iden
16、tifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20785-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection. ISO 20785 consists of the following parts, under the general title Dosimetry for exposures
17、to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft: Part 1: Conceptual basis for measurements Part 2: Characterization of instrument response A Part 3 dealing with measurements at aviation altitudes is in preparation. BS ISO 20785-2:2011ISO 20785-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Aircraft c
18、rews are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation of galactic and solar origin and secondary radiation produced in the atmosphere, the aircraft structure and its contents. Following recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 601, confirmed by Publ
19、ication 1032, the European Union (EU) introduced a revised Basic Safety Standards Directive3which included exposure to natural sources of ionizing radiation, including cosmic radiation, as occupational exposure. The Directive requires account to be taken of the exposure of aircraft crew liable to re
20、ceive more than 1 mSv per year. It then identifies the following four protection measures: (i) to assess the exposure of the crew concerned; (ii) to take into account the assessed exposure when organizing working schedules with a view to reducing the doses of highly exposed crew; (iii) to inform the
21、 workers concerned of the health risks their work involves; and (iv) to apply the same special protection during pregnancy to female crew in respect of the “child to be born” as to other female workers. The EU Council Directive has already been incorporated into laws and regulations of EU member sta
22、tes and is being included in the aviation safety standards and procedures of the Joint Aviation Authorities and the European Air Safety Agency. Other countries, such as Canada and Japan, have issued advisories to their airline industries to manage aircraft crew exposure. For regulatory and legislati
23、ve purposes, the radiation protection quantities of interest are equivalent dose (to the foetus) and effective dose. The cosmic radiation exposure of the body is essentially uniform, and the maternal abdomen provides no effective shielding to the foetus. As a result, the magnitude of equivalent dose
24、 to the foetus can be put equal to that of the effective dose received by the mother. Doses on board aircraft are generally predictable, and events comparable to unplanned exposure in other radiological workplaces cannot normally occur (with the rare exceptions of extremely intense and energetic sol
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