BS ISO 15593-2001 Environmental tobacco smoke - Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles - Determination of particulate matter by ultraviolet absorbance and.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15593:2001 Environmental tobacco smoke Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles Determination of particulate matter by ultraviolet absorbanc and by fluorescence ICS 13.040.20; 65.160 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LA

2、WBS ISO 15593:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2001 BSI 08-2001 ISBN 0 580 37745 8 National foreword This Britis

3、h Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15593:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/40, Tobacco and Tobacco Products, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be

4、 obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Fi

5、nd” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from lega

6、l obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Su

7、mmary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 17, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since p

8、ublication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference number ISO 15593:2001(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15593 First edition 2001-04-01 Environmental tobacco smoke Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles Determination of particulate matter by ultraviolet absorbance and by fluorescence

9、 Fume de tabac ambiante Estimation de sa contribution aux particules respirables suspendues dans lair Dtermination de la matire particulaire par absorption dans lultraviolet et par fluorescenceISO 15593:2001(E) ii ISO 15593:2001(E)iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative re

10、ferences .1 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 1 4 Principle 2 5 Limits and detection.2 6 Reagents .2 7 Apparatus3 8 Sampling procedure.4 9 Analytical procedure .6 10 Expression of results 8 11 Laboratory performance criteria and quality assurance .12 12 Repeatability and reproducibility.12

11、13 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Laboratory performance criteria Quality assurance measures.14 Bibliography16ISO 15593:2001(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing

12、 International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liais

13、on with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International

14、 Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standa

15、rd may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 15593 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126, Tobacco and tobacco products. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.ISO 1

16、5593:2001(E)v Introduction Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an aerosol consisting of vapour and particulate phase components. Due to the nature of the two aerosol phases, they rarely correlate well, and an accurate assessment of ETS levels in indoor air requires determining good tracers of both

17、phases. Among the attributes of an ideal ETS tracer, one critical characteristic is that the tracer should “remain in a fairly consistent ratio to the individual contaminant of interest or category of contaminants of interest (e.g. suspended particulates) under a range of environmental conditions” (

18、see reference 1). NOTE The bibliography gives full references to the literature cited. References to the literature are given in the text for information for the user of this International Standard. Ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM) and fluorescent particulate matter (FPM) fulfil this requiremen

19、t, staying in a constant ratio to respirable suspended particles (RSP) from tobacco smoke under a variety of ventilation conditions and sampling durations. In contrast, nicotine (a component of the ETS aerosol vapour phase) does not remain in a consistent ratio to ETS particulate matter (ETS-PM) (se

20、e reference 2). RSP, a necessary indicator of overall air quality, emanates from many sources, such as combustion processes (including tobacco smoke), atmospheric dust, talc, insecticide dusts, viruses, bacteria, etc. (see reference 3). Consequently, RSP is an inappropriate tracer of ETS levels pres

21、ent in any environment. Studies have shown that in most indoor spaces where smoking is permitted without restriction, 50 % or less of the RSP (on average) is attributable to tobacco smoke (see references 4 to 7). The test methods described in this International Standard have been used effectively to

22、 reduce the uncontrollable bias inherent in the use of RSP as a tracer of ETS (see references 4 to 6, and 8 to 13). Because the measured spectral properties are not unique to ETS-PM, these methods will always be a conservative measure (i e. an overestimation) of the contribution of ETS to indoor RSP

23、. Combustion sources are known to add significantly to the UVPM measure (see reference 14). FPM is considered to be less prone to, but not free from, interferences. As a result, these methods provide only an indication, and not the absolute level, of the contribution of ETS to indoor RSP due to the

24、potential presence of unquantifiable interferences.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15593:2001(E)1 Environmental tobacco smoke Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles Determination of particulate matter by ultraviolet absorbance and by fluorescence 1 Scope This International Stand

25、ard specifies methods for the sampling and determination of respirable suspended particles (RSP) for the estimation of the RSP fraction attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text

26、, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most rece

27、nt editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 648, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettes. ISO 1042, Laborator

28、y glassware One-mark volumetric flasks. ISO 3696, Water for analytical use Specification and test methods. 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 environmental tobacco smoke ETS mixture of aged and di

29、luted exhaled mainstream smoke and aged and diluted sidestream smoke 3.2 respirable suspended particles RSP particles which, when captured by a size-selective sampling device, conform to a collection efficiency curve with a median cut point at an aerodynamic diameter of 4,0 m NOTE See ISO 7708 15. 3

30、.3 ultraviolet particulate matter UVPM estimation of the contribution of ETS particulate matter to RSP obtained by comparing the ultraviolet absorbance of the RSP sample with that of a surrogate standardISO 15593:2001(E) 2 3.4 fluorescent particulate matter FPM estimation of the contribution of ETS

31、particulate matter to RSP obtained by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the RSP sample with that of a surrogate standard 3.5 environmental tobacco smoke particulate matter ETS-PM particulate phase of ETS 3.6 surrogate standard chemical whose concentration has been related quantitatively to a k

32、nown concentration in the solution of ETS-PM EXAMPLES 2,2 ,4,4 -Tetrahydroxybenzophenone (THBP) for UVPM; scopoletin for FPM. 4P r i n c i p l e A known volume of air is drawn through an inertial impactor or cyclone separating at 4,0 m, thus separating the respirable suspended particles (RSP) from t

33、he total suspended particulate matter. It is then drawn through a filter cassette containing a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter. The RSP are collected on the filter, followed by gravimetric determination of the mass of RSP so collected. The RSP are extracted from the filter for the det

34、ermination of UVPM and FPM by absorbance and fluorescence measurements, respectively, using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatus. If HPLC apparatus is not available, absorbance and fluorescence may be measured by a spectrometer with the addition of a note in the expression of res

35、ults. 5 Limits and detection The methods specified in this International Standard allow the estimation of RSP content to within the following limits. At a sampling rate of 2 l/min over 1 h, the UVPM test method shows limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 2,5 g/m 3 and 8,3 g/m 3 , res

36、pectively. Under the same conditions, the FPM method shows an LOD and LOQ of 1,4 g/m 3 and 4,7 g/m 3 , respectively. 6 Reagents All reagents shall be of recognized analytical grade. Water shall be in accordance with at least grade 3 of ISO 3696. 6.1 Methanol,HP L Cg ra de . 6.2 2,2 ,4,4 -Tetrahydrox

37、ybenzophenone (THBP), of minimum purity 99 %. 6.3 Scopoletin, of minimum purity 95 %. 6.4 Glycerol, of minimum purity 99,5 %. 6.5 Helium, of minimum purity 99,995 %. 6.6 UVPM surrogate standard solutions Store all standard solutions in low-actinic borosilicate glass screw-cap jars in a refrigerator

38、(at about 4 C) when not in use. Prepare fresh standards from THBP at least every 12 months.ISO 15593:2001(E)3 6.6.1 Primary standard of THBP (1 000 g/ml), prepared by weighing 100 mg of THBP (6.2) directly into a 100 ml volumetric flask, diluting to the mark with methanol, and shaking to mix. 6.6.2

39、Secondary standard of THBP (16 g/ml), prepared by transferring 4,00 ml of the primary standard (6.6.1) to a 250 ml volumetric flask, diluting to the mark with methanol, and shaking to mix. 6.6.3 Working standards of THBP Prepare five working standards covering the expected concentration range of the

40、 samples by transferring defined volumes of the secondary standard (6.6.2) to 100 ml volumetric flasks, diluting to the mark with methanol, and sh a ki n gtomi x. Typical volumes used are 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 40 ml that yield UVPM standards of THBP content of 0,16 g/ml, 0,32 g/ml, 0,80

41、 g/ml, 1,60 g/ml, 3,20 g/ml and 6,40 g/ml, respectively. Of these, select either the five lowest or the five highest in concentration to cover the expected range of samples. 6.7 FPM surrogate standard solutions Store all standard solutions in low-actinic borosilicate glass screw-cap jars in a refrig

42、erator (at about 4 C) when not in use. Prepare fresh standards from scopoletin at least every 6 months. 6.7.1 Primary standard of scopoletin (350 g/ml), prepared by weighing 35 mg of scopoletin assuming 100 % purity scopoletin (6.3) directly into a 100 ml volumetric flask, diluting to the mark with

43、methanol, and shaking to mix. 6.7.2 Secondary standard of scopoletin (3,50 g/ml), prepared by transferring 1,00 ml of the primary standard (6.7.1) to a 100 ml volumetric flask, diluting to the mark with methanol, and shaking to mix. This secondary standard is also the highest level working standard.

44、 6.7.3 Tertiary standard of scopoletin (0,350 g/ml), prepared by transferring 10,00 ml of the secondary standard (6.7.2) to a 100 ml volumetric flask, diluting to the mark with methanol, and shaking to mix. This tertiary standard is also one of the working standards. 6.7.4 Working standards of scopo

45、letin Prepare five working standards covering the expected concentration range of the samples by transferring defined volumes of the secondary standard (6.7.2) and the tertiary standard (6.7.3) to 100 ml volumetric flasks, diluting to the mark with methanol, and shaking to mix. Typical volumes used

46、are 1 ml and 3 ml of the tertiary standard and 1 ml, 3 ml and 30 ml of the secondary standard, that yield FPM standards of scopoletin content of 0,003 5 g/ml, 0,0105 g/ml, 0,035 g/ml, 0,105 g/ml, 0,350 g/ml (the tertiary standard), 1,05 g/ml and 3,50 g/ml (the secondary standard). From this range of

47、 working standards, select either the five lowest or the five highest levels to cover the expected concentration range of the samples. 6.8 Glycerol solution Prepare an aqueous solution of glycerol with a mass fraction of 80,0 % by mixing 800 g of glycerol (6.4) with 200 g distilled, deionized water.

48、 Prepare a fresh solution at least every 12 months. 7 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following items. 7.1 Sample collection system 7.1.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter, of pore size 1,0 m and diameter 37 mm.ISO 15593:2001(E) 4 The PTFE membrane is bonded

49、 to a high density polyethylene support net, referred to as the filter backing, to improve durability and handling ease. 7.1.2 Filter cassette, of black, opaque, conductive polypropylene in a three-piece configuration consisting of a 12,7 mm spacer ring inserted between the top (inlet) and bottom (outlet) pieces. The filter cassette holds the PTFE membrane filter during sampling. All connections to the filter cassette are made with flexible (e.g. plastic) tubing. 7.1.3 Barometer and thermomete