BS IEC 61892-2-2012 Mobile and fixed offshore units Electrical installations System design《移动式及固定式近海装置 电气设施 系统设计》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationMobile and fixed offshore units Electrical installationsPart 2: System designBS IEC 61892-2:2012BS IEC 61892-2:2012Incorporating corrigendum March 2013BS IEC 61892-2:2012 BRITISH

2、 STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of IEC 61892-2:2012 incorporating corrigendum March 2013. It supersedes BS IEC 61892-2:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee JPEL/18, Electrical installations of sh

3、ips and of mobile and fixed offshore units.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standar

4、ds Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 82773 0ICS 29.260.99; 47.020.60; 75.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee

5、on 30 April 2012.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 May 2013 Implementation of IEC corrigendum March 2013: Subclause 4.2.6 correctedIEC 61892-2 Edition 2.0 2012-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Mobile and fixed offshore units Electrical installations Part 2: System design IN

6、TERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XC ICS 47.020.60 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88912-993-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. BS IEC 61892-2:2012 2 61892-2 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS FO

7、REWORD . 7 INTRODUCTION . 9 1 Scope . 10 2 Normative references . 10 3 Terms and definitions . 11 4 Sources of electrical power 16 4.1 General . 16 4.2 Main source of electrical power . 17 4.3 Emergency source of electrical power . 18 4.4 Starting arrangements for emergency generators 21 4.5 Additio

8、nal requirements for periodically unattended machinery spaces 22 4.6 General requirements for renewable sources of electrical power . 22 4.6.1 Photovoltaic system . 22 4.6.2 Eolic system 23 5 System earthing . 23 5.1 General . 23 5.2 General requirements 23 5.3 Neutral earthing methods 24 5.4 Neutra

9、l earthing for systems up to and including 1 000 V a.c. 24 5.5 Neutral earthing for systems above 1 000 V 25 5.6 Generators operated in parallel with source transformers 25 5.7 Earthing resistors, connection to hull/structure 25 6 Distribution systems . 27 6.1 DC distribution systems . 27 6.1.1 Type

10、s of distribution systems 27 6.1.2 TN d.c. systems . 28 6.1.3 IT d.c. systems 31 6.1.4 DC voltages . 31 6.2 AC distribution systems . 32 6.2.1 Primary a.c. distribution systems . 32 6.2.2 Secondary a.c. distribution systems . 32 6.2.3 TN a.c. systems . 32 6.2.4 IT a.c. systems 34 6.2.5 AC voltages a

11、nd frequencies . 34 6.2.6 Control voltage 36 7 Distribution system requirements 37 7.1 Earthed distribution systems . 37 7.2 Methods of distribution 37 7.3 Balance of loads 37 7.3.1 Balance of load on three-wire d.c. systems 37 7.3.2 Balance of loads in three- or four-wire a.c. systems . 37 7.4 Fina

12、l circuits 37 7.4.1 General . 37 7.4.2 Final circuits for lighting . 37 7.4.3 Final circuit for lighting in accommodation spaces . 38 BS IEC 61892-2:2012 2 61892-2 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 7 INTRODUCTION . 9 1 Scope . 10 2 Normative references . 10 3 Terms and definitions . 11 4 Sources of el

13、ectrical power 16 4.1 General . 16 4.2 Main source of electrical power . 17 4.3 Emergency source of electrical power . 18 4.4 Starting arrangements for emergency generators 21 4.5 Additional requirements for periodically unattended machinery spaces 22 4.6 General requirements for renewable sources o

14、f electrical power . 22 4.6.1 Photovoltaic system . 22 4.6.2 Eolic system 23 5 System earthing . 23 5.1 General . 23 5.2 General requirements 23 5.3 Neutral earthing methods 24 5.4 Neutral earthing for systems up to and including 1 000 V a.c. 24 5.5 Neutral earthing for systems above 1 000 V 25 5.6

15、Generators operated in parallel with source transformers 25 5.7 Earthing resistors, connection to hull/structure 25 6 Distribution systems . 27 6.1 DC distribution systems . 27 6.1.1 Types of distribution systems 27 6.1.2 TN d.c. systems . 28 6.1.3 IT d.c. systems 31 6.1.4 DC voltages . 31 6.2 AC di

16、stribution systems . 32 6.2.1 Primary a.c. distribution systems . 32 6.2.2 Secondary a.c. distribution systems . 32 6.2.3 TN a.c. systems . 32 6.2.4 IT a.c. systems 34 6.2.5 AC voltages and frequencies . 34 6.2.6 Control voltage 36 7 Distribution system requirements 37 7.1 Earthed distribution syste

17、ms . 37 7.2 Methods of distribution 37 7.3 Balance of loads 37 7.3.1 Balance of load on three-wire d.c. systems 37 7.3.2 Balance of loads in three- or four-wire a.c. systems . 37 7.4 Final circuits 37 7.4.1 General . 37 7.4.2 Final circuits for lighting . 37 7.4.3 Final circuit for lighting in accom

18、modation spaces . 38 BS IEC 61892-2:201261892-2 IEC:2012(E) 3 7.4.4 Final circuits in offices and workshops . 38 7.4.5 Final circuits for heating 38 7.5 Control circuits 38 7.5.1 Supply systems and nominal voltages . 38 7.5.2 Circuit design 38 7.5.3 Motor control . 38 7.5.4 Protection 38 7.5.5 Arran

19、gement of circuits 39 7.6 Socket-outlets . 39 7.7 Shore connections for mobile units 39 7.8 Motor circuits 39 7.8.1 Starting of motors 39 7.8.2 Means of disconnection . 40 7.8.3 Starters remote from motors 40 7.8.4 Master-starter system 40 8 Diversity (demand) factors 40 8.1 Final circuits 40 8.2 Ci

20、rcuits other than final circuits . 40 8.3 Application of diversity (demand) factors . 40 8.4 Motive power circuits General 40 9 System study and calculations 41 9.1 General . 41 9.2 Electrical load study 42 9.3 Load flow calculations . 42 9.4 Short-circuit calculations . 43 9.5 Protection and discri

21、mination study . 44 9.6 Power system dynamic calculations. 45 9.7 Calculation of harmonic currents and voltages. 47 10 Protection . 47 10.1 General . 47 10.2 Characteristic and choice of protective devices with reference to short-circuit rating . 48 10.2.1 General . 48 10.2.2 Protective devices . 48

22、 10.2.3 Backup protection 48 10.2.4 Rated short-circuit breaking capacity . 49 10.2.5 Rated short-circuit making capacity . 49 10.2.6 Co-ordinated choice of protective devices with regard to discrimination requirements . 49 10.3 Choice of protective devices with reference to overload 49 10.3.1 Mecha

23、nical switching devices 49 10.3.2 Fuses for overload protection 49 10.4 Choice of protective devices with regard to their application 50 10.4.1 General . 50 10.4.2 Generator protection . 50 10.4.3 Protection of essential services . 51 10.4.4 Protection of transformers . 51 10.4.5 Circuit protection

24、. 51 10.4.6 Motor protection 51 BS IEC 61892-2:2012 4 61892-2 IEC:2012(E) 10.4.7 Protection of lighting circuits . 52 10.4.8 Protection of power from external sources . 52 10.4.9 Secondary cells and battery protection 52 10.4.10 Protection of meters, pilot lamps and control circuits . 52 10.4.11 Pro

25、tection of static or solid state devices . 52 10.4.12 Protection for heat tracing systems . 53 10.5 Undervoltage protection 53 10.5.1 Generators 53 10.5.2 AC and DC motors . 53 10.6 Overvoltage protection 53 10.6.1 General . 53 10.6.2 AC machines . 53 10.6.3 DC networks 54 11 Lighting 54 11.1 Genera

26、l . 54 11.2 General lighting system . 54 11.3 Emergency lighting system 55 11.4 Escape lighting system 56 11.5 Lighting circuits in machinery spaces, accommodation spaces, open deck spaces, etc. . 57 11.6 Navigation and obstruction signals and lights 58 11.7 Luminaires 58 11.7.1 Discharge lamp lumin

27、aires of voltages above 250 V 58 11.7.2 Searchlights 58 12 Control and instrumentation 58 12.1 Safeguarding 58 12.2 Supply arrangement . 58 12.3 Dependability 58 12.4 Safety . 59 12.5 Segregation 59 12.6 Performance . 59 12.7 Integration 59 12.8 Development activities 59 12.9 Electromagnetic compati

28、bility . 59 12.10 Design 59 12.10.1 Environmental and supply conditions 59 12.10.2 Circuit design . 60 12.10.3 Monitoring equipment . 60 12.10.4 Time delays 60 12.10.5 Closed circuits 60 12.10.6 Earth faults . 60 12.11 Installation and ergonomics 60 12.11.1 General 60 12.11.2 Remote controls . 60 12

29、.12 Specific installations . 61 12.12.1 Safety critical systems 61 12.12.2 Fire and gas protection control installations and other control systems 62 12.13 Automatic control installations for electrical power supply . 63 BS IEC 61892-2:2012 4 61892-2 IEC:2012(E) 10.4.7 Protection of lighting circuit

30、s . 52 10.4.8 Protection of power from external sources . 52 10.4.9 Secondary cells and battery protection 52 10.4.10 Protection of meters, pilot lamps and control circuits . 52 10.4.11 Protection of static or solid state devices . 52 10.4.12 Protection for heat tracing systems . 53 10.5 Undervoltag

31、e protection 53 10.5.1 Generators 53 10.5.2 AC and DC motors . 53 10.6 Overvoltage protection 53 10.6.1 General . 53 10.6.2 AC machines . 53 10.6.3 DC networks 54 11 Lighting 54 11.1 General . 54 11.2 General lighting system . 54 11.3 Emergency lighting system 55 11.4 Escape lighting system 56 11.5

32、Lighting circuits in machinery spaces, accommodation spaces, open deck spaces, etc. . 57 11.6 Navigation and obstruction signals and lights 58 11.7 Luminaires 58 11.7.1 Discharge lamp luminaires of voltages above 250 V 58 11.7.2 Searchlights 58 12 Control and instrumentation 58 12.1 Safeguarding 58

33、12.2 Supply arrangement . 58 12.3 Dependability 58 12.4 Safety . 59 12.5 Segregation 59 12.6 Performance . 59 12.7 Integration 59 12.8 Development activities 59 12.9 Electromagnetic compatibility . 59 12.10 Design 59 12.10.1 Environmental and supply conditions 59 12.10.2 Circuit design . 60 12.10.3

34、Monitoring equipment . 60 12.10.4 Time delays 60 12.10.5 Closed circuits 60 12.10.6 Earth faults . 60 12.11 Installation and ergonomics 60 12.11.1 General 60 12.11.2 Remote controls . 60 12.12 Specific installations . 61 12.12.1 Safety critical systems 61 12.12.2 Fire and gas protection control inst

35、allations and other control systems 62 12.13 Automatic control installations for electrical power supply . 63 BS IEC 61892-2:201261892-2 IEC:2012(E) 5 12.13.1 General 63 12.13.2 Automatic starting . 63 12.13.3 Automatic disconnection . 64 12.13.4 Automatic starting installations for electrical motor

36、-driven auxiliaries . 64 12.13.5 Manual control 65 12.14 Machinery control installations 65 12.14.1 General 65 12.14.2 General requirement . 65 12.15 Public address and general alarm systems . 65 12.15.1 Audibility . 65 12.15.2 Operation . 65 12.15.3 Emergency broadcast . 65 12.15.4 Minimum sound le

37、vel 65 12.15.5 Fault tolerance 65 12.15.6 Redundancy . 66 12.15.7 Segregation 66 12.15.8 Power supplies . 66 12.15.9 Cabling . 66 12.16 Computer-based systems . 66 12.16.1 General 66 12.16.2 System integration 66 12.16.3 Power supply 66 12.16.4 Data communication links . 67 12.16.5 Alarm, control an

38、d safety functions . 67 12.17 Software . 68 12.17.1 General 68 12.17.2 Configuration 68 12.17.3 Documentation . 69 12.18 Tests 70 12.18.1 General 70 12.18.2 Hardware 70 12.18.3 Software . 71 12.18.4 System testing 71 12.19 Documentation . 71 12.19.1 Apparatus description . 71 12.19.2 Circuit diagram

39、s 71 13 Degrees of protection by enclosures . 72 Annex A (informative) Variable a.c. speed drives . 76 Bibliography 77 Figure 1 Continuity of supply/continuity of service 16 Figure 2 TN-S d.c. system . 28 Figure 3 TN-C d.c. system . 29 Figure 4 TN-C-S d.c. system 30 Figure 5 IT d.c. system 31 Figure

40、 6 TN-S a.c. system . 33 Figure 7 TN-C-S a.c. system 33 BS IEC 61892-2:2012 6 61892-2 IEC:2012(E) Figure 8 TN-C a.c. system . 34 Figure 9 IT a.c. system 34 Figure A.1 Typical a.c. drilling system 76 Table 1 Recommended maximum earth fault currents 25 Table 2 Summary of principal features of the neut

41、ral earthing methods 26 Table 3 Voltages for d.c. systems 32 Table 4 AC systems having a nominal voltage between 100 V and 1 000 V inclusive and related equipment 35 Table 5 AC three-phase systems having a nominal voltage above 1 kV and not exceeding 35 kV and related equipment a. 36 Table 6 General

42、 lighting illumination levels 55 Table 7 Recommended measuring points for measuring illumination in an area . 55 Table 8 Escape lighting illumination levels . 56 Table 9 Minimum requirements for the degree of protection for mobile and fixed offshore units (Degree of protection as defined in IEC 6189

43、2-1) . 73 BS IEC 61892-2:2012 6 61892-2 IEC:2012(E) Figure 8 TN-C a.c. system . 34 Figure 9 IT a.c. system 34 Figure A.1 Typical a.c. drilling system 76 Table 1 Recommended maximum earth fault currents 25 Table 2 Summary of principal features of the neutral earthing methods 26 Table 3 Voltages for d

44、.c. systems 32 Table 4 AC systems having a nominal voltage between 100 V and 1 000 V inclusive and related equipment 35 Table 5 AC three-phase systems having a nominal voltage above 1 kV and not exceeding 35 kV and related equipment a. 36 Table 6 General lighting illumination levels 55 Table 7 Recom

45、mended measuring points for measuring illumination in an area . 55 Table 8 Escape lighting illumination levels . 56 Table 9 Minimum requirements for the degree of protection for mobile and fixed offshore units (Degree of protection as defined in IEC 61892-1) . 73 BS IEC 61892-2:201261892-2 IEC:2012(

46、E) 7 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ MOBILE AND FIXED OFFSHORE UNITS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Part 2: System design FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC Nat

47、ional Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publ

48、icly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-govern

49、mental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representati