BS EN 926-1-2015 Paragliding equipment Paragliders Requirements and test methods for structural strength《滑翔降落伞设备 滑翔伞 结构强度的要求和试验方法》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 926-1:2015Paragliding equipment ParaglidersPart 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strengthBS EN 926-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 926-1:2015. It supersedes BS EN 926-1:2006 which is withdrawn.

2、The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/136/-/6, Sports, Playground and other Recreational Equipment - Paragliding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al

3、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84798 1 ICS 97.220.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Briti

4、sh Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 926-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 926-1 November 2015 ICS 97.220.40 Supersedes

5、 EN 926-1:2006English Version Paragliding equipment - Paragliders - Part 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strength quipement pour le parapente - Parapentes - Partie 1: Exigences et mthodes dessai concernant la rsistance de la structure Ausrstung fr das Gleitschirmfliegen - Gleitschirm

6、e - Teil 1: Anforderungen und Prfverfahren an die Baufestigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standar

7、d without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any

8、other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republ

9、ic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN C

10、OMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 926-1:2015 EBS EN 926-

11、1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions . 5 3 Requirements . 5 3.1 Shock loading 5 3.2 Sustained loading 5 3.3 Breaking strength of the suspension lines . 5 3.4 Breaking strength of the main control lines 6 4 Test methods 7 4.1 A

12、pparatus . 7 4.2 Test specimen . 8 4.3 Test conditions . 8 4.4 Shock loading test . 8 4.5 Sustained loading test . 9 4.6 Line bending test . 9 5 Test files 10 5.1 Test file information . 10 5.2 Items accompanying the test files 11 6 Manufacturing record . 11 7 Marking 12 Annex A (informative) Suspen

13、sion lines . 13 BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 926-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and recreational equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nati

14、onal standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right

15、s. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 926-1:2006. In comparison with the previous edition, the following significant changes have been made: a) editorial revision; b) revision of line strength calculation method

16、; c) revision of the definition of the same model and test specimen selection; d) deletion of Shock Loading Test Procedure B; e) clarification of measurement interval in the sustained loading test; f) addition of Manufacturing Record and Marking requirements. This European Standard is one of a serie

17、s of standards on equipment for paragliding as follows: EN 926-1, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strength EN 926-2, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 2: Requirements and test methods for classifying flight safety characteristics Other rele

18、vant standards on equipment for paragliding are: EN 1651, Paragliding equipment Harnesses Safety requirements and strength tests EN 12491, Paragliding equipment Emergency parachutes Safety requirements and test methods According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiz

19、ations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Ma

20、lta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 4 Introduction The EN 926 series consists of two parts: EN 926-1 details paraglider structural strength requirements and EN 926-2 deta

21、ils paraglider flight tests requirements. Paragliders that have been tested and found to be compliant with both EN 926-1 and EN 926-2 are therefore compliant with the EN 926 series. The aim of these standards is to enhance safety thus eliminating paragliders which display unacceptable behaviour in g

22、iven situations on the basis of recognized tests set in these two standards. BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to paragliders as defined in 2.1. This part of EN 926 specifies requirements and test methods for the resistance of a paraglider to static and

23、 dynamic loads and sets the minimum strength threshold for its qualification. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 paraglider ultra-light glider with no primary rigid structure, for which take-off and landing are on foot, with the

24、pilot (and potentially one passenger) carried in a harness (or harnesses) connected to the wing 2.2 model of paraglider paragliders of different sizes of a given design are considered to be the same model when fulfilling the following criteria: a) the different sizes have been obtained by using a un

25、iform scale factor; b) for all sizes identical materials are used; c) the way materials are processed is identical for all sizes 2.3 identically constructed lines lines where the only elements that differ are the finished line length and/or cosmetic colour 2.4 main control lines entire line systems

26、that terminate at the two primary control handles 2.5 significant damage rupture of any of main load bearing component of the structure 3 Requirements 3.1 Shock loading When tested according to 4.4, a visual inspection of the wing shall not show significant damage. 3.2 Sustained loading When tested

27、according to 4.5 the wing shall sustain 4.5.2. 1) or 4.5.2 2). 3.3 Breaking strength of the suspension lines The lines shall be tested according to 4.6. If identically constructed lines have already been tested, then the result may be used. The minimum breaking strength of any line shall be greater

28、than 200 N. The first level is defined as the lines attached to the risers. BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 6 The sum of strength after bending test of the lines of the first level shall exceed the greater of 14 g max weight in flight or 14 000 N (g = 9,81 m/s2). For each level the same calculatio

29、n is performed. The result shall exceed the greater of 14 g max weight in flight or 14 000 N (g = 9,81 m/s2). Subsequent levels (as shown in Figure 1) are defined by each further line junction. If a line is directly attached to the wing (i.e. no line junction above it), its strength shall also be us

30、ed during the calculation of the strength of each of the level(s) above it. An example calculation is given in Annex A. Key 1 Wing 2 Risers L1 Level 1 L2 Level 2 L3 Level 3 L4 Level 4 Figure 1 Example of line rigging 3.4 Breaking strength of the main control lines The lines shall be tested according

31、 to 4.6. If identically constructed lines have already been tested, then the result may be used. The sum of the strength of the lines of each level shall exceed 1 500 N (i.e. 2 750 N). The minimum breaking strength of any line shall be greater than 200 N. The first level is defined as the lines atta

32、ched to the main control handle(s) including the control handle and the attachment of the line to the handle. BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 7 When a control handle is connected to a control line in the manner described in the user manual, the connection between the control handle and the first l

33、evel of line shall have a minimum breaking strength of 750 N. 4 Test methods 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Weak link The weak link shall be chosen for instantaneous break at a load defined in Table 1 according to the total weight in flight: Table 1 Selection of weak link break loads Total weight in flight (kg

34、) 120 120 to 180 180 to 240 240 Break load of the weak link (N) 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 The use of weak links with a tolerance of 5% is allowed. Weak links shall be protected against torsional load as recommended by the manufacturer. For each additional 60 kg value above 240 kg total weight in fl

35、ight, the break load of the weak link shall be increased by 2 000 N. Where individual weak links of the specified values are not available, it is permissible to pair in parallel two identical weak links of half of the required value. 4.1.2 Cable The shock test cable shall meet the following requirem

36、ents: length: 125 m (1%); minimum breaking strength: 50 kN; the elastic elongation at 5 kN shall be between 11,8 cm and 14,4 cm. NOTE The elastic elongation is equal to 1,05 per thousand ( 10 %) at 5 kN . 4.1.3 Electronic sensor An electronic sensor equipped with an electronic strain gauge for measu

37、ring the force (sampling a minimum of 10 times per second) is required for 4.5. 4.1.4 Measurement circuit With a graph clearly showing the load (N) against time (s). 4.1.5 Video recording equipment Video recording equipment shall be used to record the overall behaviour of the glider during the tests

38、. More than one camera may be used. . BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 8 4.1.6 Test vehicle For the shock load test, a vehicle with a verified means of indicating ground speed to within 1 km/h, shall be used. 4.2 Test specimen Select one test specimen that conforms to the manufacturing record for t

39、hat model. This specimen is used for both for test 4.4 and test 4.5, first 4.4 and then 4.5. No changes to the specimen shall be made between the two tests. Either: a) every size of a particular paraglider design shall separately be tested or; b) where different sizes meet the criteria of being the

40、same model, then the size with the largest maximum total weight in flight is tested. In this case, the maximum total weight in flight for all the smaller sizes shall not exceed: 9,0glidertestedmaxmax=WW 4.3 Test conditions For the shock loading test in 4.4, the wind speed in the immediate vicinity o

41、f the glider shall be less than 4m/s. 4.4 Shock loading test 4.4.1 Principle The paraglider is subjected to a shock load and the wing is then visually inspected for significant damage. 4.4.2 Procedure Carry out the shock loading test using a weak link to limit the loads to a maximum force according

42、to Table 1. Place the paraglider vertically such that it is supported from close to the leading edge with the trailing edge in the centre touching the ground and the span fully extended. The number of supports shall be at least equal to the number of lines in the lowest section of the A lines. The a

43、rrangement of the canopy shall be such as to minimize any slackness (looseness) in the material of the lower surface. The lines and risers shall be as straight as possible. Connect the risers to the weak link and the latter to the cable defined in 4.1.2, whose other end is connected to the tow vehic

44、le. Fix the control handles to the normal position on the risers without pre-braking. . Lay out the cable on the ground so that the test shock load can be applied almost instantaneously. The tow vehicle shall attain a ground speed between 70 km/h and 75 km/h from the standing start before the cable

45、becomes taut. Continue until either: a) the weak link breaks; or b) 5 s has elapsed since the application of the shock load. BS EN 926-1:2015EN 926-1:2015 (E) 9 4.5 Sustained loading test 4.5.1 Principle The paraglider is attached to a test vehicle and flown whilst loads are measured. 4.5.2 Procedur

46、e Attach the risers of the test specimen, (0,42 0,02) m apart, to the electronic sensors on the tow vehicle. A controller can be positioned on the tow vehicle in order to operate the paraglider control lines to stabilize the wing. Record the test on video so as to show the behaviour of the paraglide

47、r under load. Increase the speed of the vehicle as gradually as possible, enabling the controller to obtain satisfactory stabilisation of the flight path of the paraglider. When the paraglider has stabilized, continue to increase the speed gradually until either: 1) the measured load exceeds a load

48、factor of eight times the maximum total weight in flight recommended by the manufacturer, for a minimum cumulative duration of 3 s; or 2) five peaks separated by at least 0,3 s are obtained above ten times the maximum total weight in flight recommended by the manufacturer, in one run. 4.6 Line bendi

49、ng test 4.6.1 Principle Three specimens of each line type (i. e. three specimens of each material and/or processing method), with the length between 0, 5 m and 0,55 m with loops on each end, used in the suspension line system are conditioned and then their breaking strengths are measured. 4.6.2 Conditions A line under a constant tension of 2 N 10% is bent back and forward around a cylinder (see Figure 2) the same diameter as the nominal diameter of the line given by the manufacturer of the line ( 0,1 mm) with