BS 4163-2014 Health and safety for design and technology in educational and similar establishments Code of practice《教育和类似机构的设计和技术的健康和安全 实施规程》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 4163:2014Health and safety for designand technology ineducational and similarestablishments Code ofpracticePublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution

2、 2014Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80544 8ICS 03.180, 13.110The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference GME/27Draft for comment 14/30270861 DCPublication historyFirst published February 1968Second edition, April 1975Third edition, June

3、 1984Fourth edition, July 2000Fifth edition, May 2007Sixth (current) edition, August 2014Amendments issued since publicationDateText affectedBS 4163:2014 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiSection 1: General 11 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 3Section 2: Health and safety mana

4、gement 44 Health and safety management 4Section 3: Planning and services 125 Planning and design 126 Working area environment 197 Services 22Section 4: Teaching areas, equipment, tools and processes 318 General health and safety 319 Management of the teaching environment 3110 Food 3611 Textiles 4412

5、 Portable tools and equipment used in workshops 4813 Woodworking machinery 6114 Metalworking machinery 7715 Motor vehicle work, machinery and equipment 9116 Moulding processes and equipment for plastics 10017 Heat processes, plant and equipment for metals 10418 Chemical processes for metals and fabr

6、ics 11319 Computer-operated equipment 119Section 5: Materials 12620 Materials 126Bibliography 135List of figuresFigure 1 Recommended area ranges for design and technology teachingspaces 12List of tablesTable 1 Area ranges for typical group sizes (in m2) 13Summary of pagesThis document comprises a fr

7、ont cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 138, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 4163:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standar

8、ds Institution, and came into effect on 31 August 2014. It wasprepared by Technical Committee GME/27, Safety in school workshops. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 4163:2007, which is withdr

9、awn.Information about this documentThe Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 places a general duty on employersto ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, the health and safety of employeesand other persons affected by their activities.The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

10、requireemployers to carry out risk assessments for the purpose of identifying what isrequired to comply with this general duty and any relevant Regulations madeunder this Act. This code of practice is primarily for protection of learners,employees, trainee teachers, and other adults across the full

11、range of design andtechnology teaching areas. This code applies to schools of all types, includingthose maintained by local authorities, academies, free schools, independentschools and any type of school for learners with special educational needs. It willalso be helpful to further education college

12、s, universities, teacher trainingestablishments, adult education workshops, and workshops in hospitals andprisons.Implementation of this code of practice is not a legal requirement but it doesprovide one means of demonstrating that reasonably practicable steps havebeen taken to minimize risks from t

13、he machinery, equipment, processes andmaterials used. The recommendations in this code of practice cannot ensure thehealth and safety of learners and employees without proper training andsupervision by the teacher in charge. It is essential that anyone in charge of ateaching space covered by this co

14、de of practice has recognized accreditedtraining in health and safety.This code of practice has been written also for persons responsible for providingservices, equipment and machinery in educational establishments, and forpersons employed to work in these establishments. If similar resources are us

15、edin other school departments and colleges of further education, therecommendations of this standard can be applied to these departments. Theycan also be applied where learners are undergoing initial teacher training.Risk assessment is an important part of health and safety and teachers should beawa

16、re of the five step approach (information is available via the HSE toolbox1).In design and technology teaching areas, risk assessments are likely to beapplied to the working environment, equipment, processes, techniques, andactivities.1)The HSE toolbox is available at: http:/www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/

17、.BRITISH STANDARDBS 4163:2014ii The British Standards Institution 2014Practical experience provides opportunities to introduce learners to concepts ofrisk assessment and safe working methods and with encouragement, they candevelop their understanding of risk assessment processes. Through application

18、 ofthis process, learners can be trained to use appropriate control measures tominimize risks to themselves and others. It is essential that teachers are fullyconversant with hazards in the area that they supervise, and that they plan,organize, control and monitor the work so that risks can be contr

19、olled.Whilst this standard is meant to be comprehensive, it does not preclude thedevelopment and introduction of new technologies so long as appropriate riskassessments are made and the employer accepts their introduction.This code of practice is intended to be a useful guide to those who teach andm

20、anage in design and technology areas in educational establishments, and itaims to contribute to the prevention of accidents and dangerous occurrences.Employers and employees can incorporate the recommendations of this code ofpractice into their working environment.Hazard warningsWARNING. Learners ma

21、y only use the following machines when they havebeen assessed and the assessment has shown that they are competent, andthey are under appropriate supervision of specifically trained employees: portable grinding machine (e.g. angle grinding machines) (see 12.3); rotating (circular) portable saws (see

22、 12.4); portable biscuit jointer/tenon jointers (see 12.5); reciprocating portable saws (e.g. jig saws) (see 12.6); multi-tool (saws, carvers, scrapers etc.) (see 12.8); portable planing machines (see 12.11); portable routers (see 12.12); band sawing machines (see 13.6.1); chop and radial arm sawing

23、 machines (see 13.6.4); sawing machines with cutting discs or abrasive discs, power hacksaws andmetal cutting bandsaws (see 14.6).Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andp

24、articular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are pres

25、ented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerat

26、ionsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.In particular, attention is drawn to the statutory legislation listed in thebi

27、bliography.BRITISH STANDARD BS 4163:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 4163:2014iv The British Standards Institution 2014Section 1: General1 ScopeThis British Standard code of practice provides recommendations and guidancefor persons responsible for planning services,

28、equipment and machinery and forpersons who might use these in design and technology facilities in all types ofeducational establishments.Design and technology facilities include all teaching areas and preparation areaswhere materials are manipulated and processed, equipment is used and designand/or

29、manufacturing takes place (e.g. food, catering, textiles, graphics,electronics, technology, craft, engineering, manufacturing, woodworking of alltypes, vocational workshops, motor vehicle workshops and computer areas).NOTE The recommendations cover the supply and safe use of equipment, machinetools

30、and materials and chemicals, personal protection and safety management, withparticular reference to the hazards involved.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onl

31、ythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 546, Two-pole and earthing-pin plugs, socket-outlets and socket-outletadaptersBS 1363-1, 13 A plugs, socket-outlets and adaptors Part 1: Specification forrewirable a

32、nd non-rewirable 13 A fused plugsBS 1363-2, 13 A plugs, socket-outlets and adaptors Part 2: Specificationfor 13 A switched and unswitched socket outletsBS 1363-4, 13 A plugs, socket-outlets and adaptors Part 4: Specificationfor 13 A fused connector units switched and unswitchedBS 1710, Specification

33、 for identification of pipelines and servicesBS 2769-1, Hand-held electric motor-operated tools Part 1: Specification forgeneral requirementsBS 4411, Specification for woodcutting bandsaw bladesBS 5169, Specification for fusion welded steel air receiversBS 5499-4, Safety signs Part 4: Code of practi

34、ce for escape route signingBS 7288, Specification for socket outlets incorporating residual current devices(S.R.C.D.s)BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth editionBS EN 149:2001+A1:2009, Respiratory protective devices Filtering half masks toprotect aga

35、inst particles Requirements, testing, markingBS EN 166:2002, Personal eye protection SpecificationsBS EN 352-1, Hearing protectors General requirements Part 1: Ear-MuffsBS EN 847-1, Tools for woodworking Safety requirements Part 1: Millingtools, circular saw bladesBRITISH STANDARD BS 4163:2014 The B

36、ritish Standards Institution 2014 1BS EN ISO 7010, Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Registeredsafety signs (ISO 7010:2011)BS 5733, General requirements for electrical accessories SpecificationBS EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General require

37、mentsBS EN 60309-2, Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes Part 2: Dimensional interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tubeaccessoriesBS EN 60335, Specification for safety of household and similar electricalappliancesBS EN 60529:1992+A2:2013, Specification for degrees

38、 of protection provided byenclosures (IP code)BS EN 60669-2-4, Switches for household and similar fixed electricalinstallations Part 2-4: Particular requirements Isolating switchesBS EN 60898-1, Electrical accessories Circuit breakers for overcurrent protectionfor household and similar installations

39、 Part 1: Circuit-breakers for a.c.operationBS EN 60947-3:1999, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 3: Switches,disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination unitsBS EN 61008-1, Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integralovercurrent protection for household and simi

40、lar uses (RCCBs) Part 1: GeneralrulesBS EN 61009-1, Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integralovercurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs) Part 1: GeneralrulesOther publicationsN1 The Db) the duties imposed by any health and safety regulations relevant to theemployers

41、activities.The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 require thatyoung persons (persons under 18 years of age) are not exposed to increasedhealth and safety risks as a consequence of lack of experience, maturity andawareness of risks. Strictly, the regulations only apply where you

42、ng persons areemployed or are taking part in a work experience scheme, but the principle isthe same for learners. Employers should assess the risks to which young personsare exposed, and to implement measures to protect their health and safety,taking into account lack of experience and maturity.Spec

43、ific consideration should be given to situations where people work aloneand/or remote from assistance. Lone workers should not be at more risk thanother employees and additional risk control measures might be required. Theremight be some high risk activities where another person should be present.NO

44、TE 2 The appropriate government department for education provides furtherguidance for local authorities, school leaders, school staff and governing bodies.4.2 Hazards, risks and risk control measures4.2.1 HazardsNOTE Hazards are anything with the potential to cause harm.Hazards should be identified

45、as the first step in carrying out a risk assessment.When all hazards have been identified, it should be established first whetherthey can be eliminated. If the hazard can be eliminated, then it should beeliminated so that there is no risk and the risk assessment process is complete(e.g. use of a bat

46、tery powered drill eliminates the hazard of mains electricity).4.2.2 RiskIf a hazard cannot be eliminated, then the risk should be assessed. The risk isthe likelihood of injury or damage occurring and the severity of theconsequences. The risk depends on the prevailing circumstances and the riskcontr

47、ol measures in place. The risk is affected by the number, experience andlevel of responsibility of the learners in the teaching environment.BRITISH STANDARDBS 4163:20144 The British Standards Institution 20144.2.3 Risk control measuresRisk control measures can be engineering control measures (e.g. g

48、uarding) orprocedural measures such as systems of work in conjunction with instruction andsupervision and personal protective equipment (PPE). Risk control measuresshould be taken in the following order.a) If possible, eliminate the hazard.b) If not possible, substitute with a safer alternative.c) I

49、f not possible to eliminate the hazard, reduce risks at source, usingengineering controls if practicable.d) Institute procedures and systems of work in conjunction with instruction andsupervision.e) Use PPE.4.3 Carrying out a risk assessmentAlthough it is essential that the risk assessment process is robust, aproportionate approach to safety should be taken and risk management withineducational establishments should enable learners to undertake activities safelyand not prevent activities from taking p