BS 1635-1990 Recommendations for graphic symbols and abbreviations for fire protection drawings《防火图纸的图形符号与缩略语推荐标准》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS 1635:1990 Recommendations for Graphic symbols and abbreviations for fire protection drawings UDC 003.083 + 003.62:744.1:614.84:699.81BS1635:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Fire Standards Policy Committee, was publishedunder the authorityo

2、fthe Board ofBSIandcomes into effect on 31 July 1990 BSI 03-2000 First published March 1950 Second edition May 1970 Third edition July 1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FSM/11 Draft for comment 88/38617 DC ISBN 0 580 18409 9 Committees respons

3、ible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Fire Standards Policy Committee (FSM/-) to Technical Committee FSM/11, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Theatre Technicians Association of Manufacturers Allied to the

4、Electrical and Electronic Industry (BEAMA Ltd) Bingo Association of Great Britain British Entertainments and Dance Hall Association British Sign Association Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association Cinema Exhibitors Association Department of Health Department of the Environment (Property

5、Services Agency) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Fire Extinguishing Trades Association Fire Fighting Vehicle Manufacturers Association Guild of Architectural Ironmongers Home Office Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. London Fire and Civil Defence Authority Loss Prevent

6、ion Council Ministry of Defence National Radiological Protection Board Royal Institute of British Architects Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS1635:1990 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2

7、 Definitions 1 3 Rationale 1 4 Design and use of symbolism 2 5 Presentation of the compendium 3 Appendix A Example of fire protection drawing 20 Figure 1 Example of symbols/elements and constructed symbols 2 Figure 2 Comparison between representation, simplified representation and symbol 4 Figure 3

8、Formation of symbols from elements, conventions, symbols and simplified representations 4 Figure 4 Example of fire protection drawing 20 Section 2. Compendium Group 1. Information devices Table 1.1 Convention for indicating zones 5 Group 2. Fire extinguishing devices Table 2.1 Portable and transport

9、able equipment 6 Table 2.2 Fixed systems 7 Group 3. Fire fighting devices Table 3.1 Fire fighting equipment 8 Group 4. Fire alarm devices Table 4.1 Control and indicating equipment 9 Table 4.2 Initiating equipment 10 Table 4.3 Warning equipment 11 Group 5. Means of escape Table 5.1 Routes 12 Group 6

10、. Risk areas Table 6.1 Fire and explosion 13 Group 7. Fire precautions Table 7.1 Building elements 14 Group 8. Emergency lighting Table 8.1 Luminaires 16 Group 9. Fire safety signs Table 9.1 Descriptions 17 Group 10. Smoke control Table 10.1 Venting and pressurization 19 Publications referred to Ins

11、ide back coverBS1635:1990 ii BSI 03-2000 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the FireStandards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS1635:1970, which is withdrawn. In its preparation, consideration has been given to ISO6790 “Graphical symbols for fire protection plans

12、”, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The symbols agreed by ISO have been used wherever possible, and additional information (Table 7, Table 8 and Table9) included as this was within the scope of the 1970 edition. The opportunity has also been taken to change the

13、format so that it conforms with the style of BS1192-3:1987. Although based on the principles set out in ISO6790, this British Standard incorporates precedents that exist in British practice, particularly in the use of qualifying or explanatory abbreviations, and adopts the rationale proposed in BS11

14、92, and restated in this standard. Graphic conventions proposed by ISO or other authorities that do not conform either to the stated rationale or to national precedent have not been included. The symbols taken from ISO6790 without modification are noted with an asterisk. The names given to symbols h

15、ave wherever possible been derived from BS4422 and the wording used in group 9, Fire safety signs, complies with BS5499-1. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance w

16、ith a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had a

17、mendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS1635:1990 BSI 03-2000 1 Section 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard, which is primarily intended for those preparing drawings, gives recommendations for symbols and other graphic conventions for us

18、e on drawings for fire protection purposes. The recommendations include the production of graphical symbols to be used on fire protection drawings in architectural, engineering, building and allied design fields. Details are provided of equipment for fire protection, fire fighting and means of escap

19、e on drawings for design, construction, renovation or fire certification purposes. It also describes a rationale of symbolism (clause3) which establishes rules for the design of symbols and other graphic conventions, and gives recommendations for the application of those rules and the ways in which

20、symbolism should be used (clause4). Appendix A gives an example (for information only) of a drawing using some of these symbols. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definition

21、s given in BS1192-1, and BS4422 apply, together with the following definitions and explanations which are taken from BS1192-3. 2.1 convention an accepted way of drawing an item which may have the nature of a representation, a simplified representation or a symbol 2.2 information device a convention

22、indicating an abstract item 2.3 representation a scale view of an object 2.4 simplified representation a scale view incorporating only the essential shape, size or features of an object 2.5 symbol a graphic device without scale used: a) on a drawing to indicate the occurrence and/or location of an i

23、tem; b) in an annotation to indicate one or more of the attributes of an item. 2.6 symbol element (element) a graphic device without scale used only in combination with a symbol (or symbols) or with other elements, to form a symbol 3 Rationale 3.1 Indication of all features of an object Although all

24、 the features of an object (subject to the limitations of the scale of the drawing) can be shown on a detailed pictorial view (a representation, see2.3), there are usually other attributes of the object which need to be described, annotated or referred to in other documents. 3.2 Limited indication o

25、f the features of an object To reduce drawing effort and time, a pictorial view such as that described in3.1 can sometimes, as appropriate, be limited in detail (a simplified representation, see2.4) but can still need a description, annotation or reference. 3.3 Non-realistic indication of objects To

26、 reduce drawing effort and time still further for an object of which the size is not significant on a drawing, especially if many such objects occur, the object can be indicated non-realistically by using a symbol (see2.5). 3.4 Symbols sharing common subsidiary features Some symbols share common sub

27、sidiary features; this British Standard refers to these features as elements (see2.6). These can be incorporated in new symbols, can be added to established symbols or can be combined with other elements as needed. A symbol element should not be used in isolation. 3.5 Types of symbol The simplest fo

28、rm of symbol is the basic symbol. More complex types of symbol are derived from the basic symbol. There are three ways of deriving symbols: a) by embellishment of a basic symbol; b) by a combination of basic symbols; c) by extension of a basic symbol. Figure 1 gives examples of symbols/elements and

29、constructed symbols. 3.6 Conventions showing abstract items Conventions showing abstract items are referred to as information devices (2.2).BS1635:1990 2 BSI 03-2000 3.7 Comparison between representations, simplified representations and symbols Figure 2 shows a comparison between representations, si

30、mplified representations and symbols. 4 Design and use of symbolism 4.1 Graphic simplicity 4.1.1 The amount of detail in representation should be appropriate to the scale of the drawing, taking account of the recommendations of BS 1192-1 regarding clarity of reproduction and microfilming. NOTEThe el

31、ements and symbols given in column 1 are shown inTable 8.1 Figure 1 Examples of symbols/elements and constructed symbolsBS1635:1990 BSI 03-2000 3 4.1.2 The amount of detail in a simplified representation should be limited to the essential attributes of the object (see2.4 andFigure 2). 4.1.3 Geometri

32、c shapes for information devices, elements and symbols are limited. Precedent (see the introduction) can establish that one shape can have several meanings, the relevant meaning being determined normally by context and experience. A geometric shape should not be used if its meaning is not determined

33、 by context and experience. 4.1.4 Over-complexity of information devices, elements and symbols should be avoided by one of the following methods: a) omitting unnecessary information (for example, if all the items in a project are of the same type); b) annotating differences between one item and anot

34、her; c) referring differences to a schedule or other document. 4.2 Symbols (including elements of symbols) 4.2.1 The size of a symbol does not necessarily relate to the size of an object, nor to the scale of a drawing. 4.2.2 The shape of a symbol does not necessarily relate to the shape of an object

35、. 4.2.3 A symbol does not necessarily indicate graphically all the attributes of an item (see4.1.4 andFigure 3). 4.2.4 A symbol can be combined with an element or a symbol to form another symbol. (SeeFigure 3.) 4.2.5 A symbol can be added to a convention, a representation, a simplified representatio

36、n or another symbol. (SeeFigure 3.) 4.3 Graphics 4.3.1 The illustrations in section 2 (the compendium) indicate the size of symbolism that should typically be used on drawings to a scale of 1:100. Account has been taken, in the light of evaluation tests, of producing symbolism by: a) manual drawing

37、using a 0.35mm pen, including the manufacture of suitable templates (stencils); b) computer drawing; c) using dry transfer. 4.3.2 Graphic techniques should follow the recommendations in BS 1192-1, and in particular: a) line thickness should be not less than 0.25mm on drawings to be reproduced withou

38、t reduction or to be microfilmed; b) line thickness should be not less than 0.35mm on drawings to be reduced by up to 50%; c) if different line thicknesses are used, each thickness should be at least twice the next thinner line; d) the space between lines should be not less than 0.7mm; e) inclined l

39、ines should be at an angle of 15 or a multiple of 15 ; f) solidly filled areas should be kept to a minimum (because they tend to disappear in successive reproductions): hatching is preferred; g) lettering (including numbers) should have a capital height of: 1) not less than 2.5mm for drawings as in

40、a) above; 2) not less than 3.5mm for drawings as in b) above. 4.3.3 The orientation of an element should always be as shown in section 2 (the compendium), but the orientation of other types of symbolism should not be regarded as affecting the meaning of the symbolism concerned. 4.4 Authority 4.4.1 E

41、ach drawing or set of drawings which uses symbolism drawn from this British Standard, should include a statement to that effect in the information panel of the drawing concerned. 4.4.2 Symbols derived from symbols in this standard should be illustrated and their meaning should be clearly explained o

42、n the drawings concerned. Care should be exercised to ensure that derived symbols do not become over-complicated. 4.4.3 Where additional symbols are used to those presented in this British Standard, e.g.from BS1553-1, BS1192-3 or BS3939-11, a statement to that effect should be included in the inform

43、ation panel of the drawing concerned, the symbol should be illustrated and its meaning should be clearly explained on the drawing. 5 Presentation of the compendium 5.1 General Section 2 comprises a compendium of symbols and other graphic conventions that are recommended for use on fire protection dr

44、awings. Examples of the application of symbols are given as appropriate. The compendium is organized by subject area. 5.2 Background matrix 5.2.1 Elements or symbols having significant relative sizes are illustrated against a matrix of 4mm squares.BS1635:1990 4 BSI 03-2000 5.2.2 The background to so

45、me elements and symbols incorporates additional lines to indicate, as appropriate, how they should: a) be drawn; b) relate to the context in which they occur. 5.3 Reference system 5.3.1 Tables are grouped in broad categories in groups, and the group number is the first digit of the table number. 5.3

46、.2 The second digit of the table number identifies that table within its group. 5.3.3 Elements are numbered sequentially within their table of origin, with E interposed between the table number and the sequential number. 5.3.4 Conventions and symbols are numbered sequentially (always with two digits

47、) within their table of origin, the sequential number being suffixed to the table number. 5.3.5 Elements and symbols originating in other tables and used in a table are only listed in that table; they are illustrated in their tables of origin. 5.3.6 Applications illustrate examples of conventions an

48、d symbols in use, and are not numbered. 5.3.7 The numbers of the elements and symbols used in applications are listed. 5.4 Arrangement of tables The contents of each table are arranged in the following order: a) elements; b) elements and symbols from other tables; c) conventions; d) symbols; e) simp

49、lified representations; f) applications. NOTENot every table includes all these contents. Figure 2 Comparison between representation, simplified representation and symbol Figure 3 Formation of symbols from elements, conventions, symbols and simplified representationsBS1635:1990 BSI 03-2000 5 Section 2. Compendium Group 1. Information devices Table 1.1 Convention for indicating zonesBS1635:1990 6 BSI 03-2000 Group 2. Fire extinguishing devices Table 2.1 Portable and transportable equipmentBS1635:1990 BSI 03-2000 7 Group 2. F