ASTM F3301-2018a Standard for Additive Manufacturing &x2013 Post Processing Methods &x2013 Standard Specification for Thermal Post-Processing Metal Parts Made Via Powder Bed Fusion.pdf

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1、Designation: F3301 18aStandard forAdditive Manufacturing Post Processing Methods Standard Specification for Thermal Post-Processing MetalParts Made Via Powder Bed Fusion1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3301; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o

2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONParts made via metal powder bed fusion where the part bed

3、is below the anneal temperature of thealloy in process will likely form residual stresses during processing. It is a common practice in theindustry to heat treat parts while they are connected to the build platform in order to prevent geometricdistortion when parts are separated from the build platf

4、orm. Other post-process treatments such as hotisostatic pressing and solution annealing have been shown to reduce porosity, affect mechanicalproperties and modify the microstructure to the desired condition.Applicable parts covered in this specification include, but are not limited to, the manufactu

5、re ofmedical implants, aerospace parts, critical parts for power generation and oil and gas production.Multiple heat treatments may be enforced on the engineering or purchase order by listing the requiredconditions (for example SR/HIP, for stress relief and hot isostatic pressing). PBF processes whe

6、re thepowder bed is maintained at a temperature in the SR Condition range shall be considered SRCondition in the as built state.Hot isostatic pressing can be used to achieve Condition SR while the parts are attached to the buildplatform.This standard should also be applied to test specimens used to

7、generate design data for part materialproperties.1. Scope1.1 This standard specifies the requirements for thermalpost-processing of parts produced via metal powder bed fusionto achieve the required material properties and microstructureto meet engineering requirements. This standard is intended tobe

8、 referenced by Material Part Property specifications forpowder bed fusion. Currently, this standard includes thermalpost-processing for the materials including titanium alloys,cobalt 28 chromium 6 molybdenum, alloy UNS N07718, alloyUNS N06625, alloy, UNS 31603 and AlSi10Mg. This specifi-cation will

9、be updated as new powder bed fusion material heattreatments are developed.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u

10、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principl

11、es on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Normative References2.1 The following documents, in whole or in part, areno

12、rmatively referenced in this document and are indispensablefor its application. For dated references, only the edition citedapplies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee

13、 F42 onAdditive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F42.05 on Materials and Processes.Current edition approved July 15, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F3301-18. DOI:10.1520/F3301-18A.2This do

14、cument has been prepared by ASTM F42.05 and ISO TC261 inagreement to deconvolve legacy ASTM metal powder bed fusion standards adoptedwithin F42 only. The specifications in 4.7 are derived from work by the U.S. Army,RDECOM ARDEC and support a forthcoming material specification.Copyright ASTM Internat

15、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Gui

16、des and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 ASTM Standards:3A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars,

17、Billets, and ForgingsA1080 Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, StainlessSteel, and Related Alloy Castings2.3 AMS Standards:4AMS2759 Heat Treatment of Steel Parts, General Require-mentsAMS2771 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy CastingsAMS2774 Heat Treatment Wrought NickelAlloy and CobaltAllo

18、y PartsAMS2801 Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy PartsAMS5894 Cobalt Alloys, Bars, Sheet, and Plate 60Co 28Cr 4.5W 1.15C Solution Heat TreatedAMSH81200 Heat Treatment of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys2.4 ISO Standard:5ISO/ASTM 52900 Standard Terminology for AdditiveManufacturing General Principles Termi

19、nology3. Terminology3.1 For the purposes of this document, the terms anddefinitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 shall apply.4. Thermal Post-Processing RequirementsNOTE 1The material specification should identify the heat treatmentmethodology specification, for example, AMS52801, AMS2759, andAMS2771, whi

20、ch includes pyrometry requirements, calibration,maintenance, furnace classification, etc. for equipment used for thermalpost-processing.4.1 Alloy titanium-6 aluminium-4 vanadium, alloytitanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium extra low interstitial, andcommercially pure titanium (CPTi):4.1.1 Condition SRParts

21、shall be stress relieved or an-nealed in accordance with SAE AMS2801 or SAEAMSH81200.4.1.2 Condition ANNParts shall be annealed in accor-dance with SAE AMS2801 or SAE AMSH81200.4.1.3 Condition AGEDParts shall be solution heat treatedand aged per AMS2801, except that components shall be inertgas back

22、-fill cooled or air cooled during the solution heat treatprocess.4.1.4 Condition HIPProcess parts under inert atmosphereat not less than 100 MPa within the range of 895 to 955 C;hold at the selected temperature within 615 C for 180 6 60min and cool under inert atmosphere to below 425 C, unlessotherw

23、ise agreed upon by the part supplier and purchaser.4.1.5 Condition OPTAll thermal post processing shall beoptional.4.2 Cobalt-28 chromium-6 molybdenum:4.2.1 Condition SRParts shall be stress relieved or solu-tion annealed in accordance with SAE AMS2774 for SAEAMS5894 material.4.2.2 Condition SANNPar

24、ts shall be solution annealed.Process parts under inert atmosphere in the range of 1200 to1230 C; hold at the selected temperature within 615 C for120 6 15 min, followed by rapid inert gas cool at a minimumcooling rate of 220 C min to 540 C and 80 C min from540 C to ambient.4.2.3 Condition HIPProces

25、s parts under inert atmosphereat not less than 100 MPa within the range of 1185 to 1220 C;hold at the selected temperature within 615 C for 240 6 60min and cool under inert atmosphere to below 425 C, or toparameters as agreed upon between the component supplierand purchaser. When specified by the pu

26、rchaser, the componentsupplier shall test the material in its final condition.NOTE 2Additional heat treatment of Condition HIP components maybe necessary to enhance mechanical properties.4.3 Alloy UNS N07718:4.3.1 Condition SRParts shall be stress relieved at 1065 615 C for 90 min 5 +15 min.4.3.2 Co

27、ndition AGEDParts shall be solution treated andaged in accordance with AMS2774.4.3.3 Condition HIPProcess parts under inert atmosphereat not less than 100 MPa within the range of 1120 to 1185 C;hold at the selected temperature within 615 C for 240 6 60min and cool under inert atmosphere to below 425

28、 C, or toparameters as agreed upon between the component supplierand purchaser.4.4 Alloy UNS N06625:4.4.1 Condition SRParts shall be stress relieved or an-nealed in accordance with SAE AMS2774.4.4.2 Condition ANNParts shall be annealed in accor-dance with SAE AMS2774.4.4.3 Condition HIPProcess compo

29、nents under inert at-mosphere at not less than 100 MPa within the range of 1120 to1175 C; hold at the selected temperature within 615 C for240 6 60 min and cool under inert atmosphere to below425 C, or to parameters as agreed upon between the compo-nent supplier and purchaser.4.5 Alloy UNS S31603:4.

30、5.1 Condition SRParts shall be stress relieved in accor-dance with SAE AMS2759.4.5.2 Condition SANNParts shall be solution annealed perAMS2759 or Specification A484/A484M.4.5.3 Condition HIPProcess components under inert at-mosphere at not less than 100 MPa within the range of 1120 to1163 C; hold at

31、 the selected temperature within 614 C for240 6 60 min and cool under inert atmosphere to below427 C, or to parameters agreed upon by the componentsupplier and purchaser. Hot isostatic pressing shall, at aminimum, conform to the requirements of Practice A1080.NOTE 3Proper heat treatment of Condition

32、 HIP components may benecessary to enhance corrosion and environmental cracking resistance.4.5.4 If testing to demonstrate the absence of detrimentalphases (such as carbide precipitates) is required, the test3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custome

33、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.5Available from International Organization for Stan

34、dardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.F3301 18a2method(s) and acceptance criteria, including any post-HIPsolution annealing heat treatment to eliminate detected detri-mental phases, shall be agreed upon

35、 by the component supplierand purchaser. Practice E of Practices A262 provides guidanceon intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests for 316L, and Specifi-cation A484/A484M provides guidance on solution annealingconditions.4.6 UNS A33600 (Alloy AlSi10Mg):4.6.1 Condition SR1Parts shall be stress relieved or

36、 par-tially annealed in accordance with AMS 2771 except that thetemperature shall be 285 C (6 14 C), held for 120 min (615min) and cool at a rate equal to air cool or faster. Refer to AMS2771 for soaking time and furnace class requirements.4.6.2 Condition SR2Parts shall be stress relieved or par-tia

37、lly annealed in accordance with AMS 2771 except thetemperature shall be 190 C (614 C), held for 120 min (615min) and cooled at a rate equal to air cool or faster. Refer toAMS 2771 for soaking time and furnace class requirements.NOTE 4Other stress relief or partial anneal schedules may be agreedupon

38、by the part supplier and the purchaser.NOTE 5Stress relief may be performed while the parts are attached tothe build platform. The stress relief procedure in AMS 2771 may befollowed, except for the time and temperature defined by the purchaser.Some residual stress may remain depending on the stress

39、relief processing.What constitutes an acceptable residual stress level, as well as the methodused to evaluate the residual stress level, must be agreed upon by thecomponent supplier and purchaser. Hot isostatic pressing may be used asthe stress relief prior to removing parts from the build platform.

40、4.6.3 Condition T6Parts shall be solution heat treated inaccordance with AMS 2771 except the temperature shall be530 6 6 C for 360 min minimum, quenched in water or glycolas agreed upon by the component supplier and purchaser, andaged at 160 6 6 C for 360 min minimum. Refer to AMS 2771for soaking ti

41、me and furnace type requirements.4.6.4 Condition HIP+T6Product shall be hot isostaticallypressed (HIP) under inert atmosphere at 100 MPa minimumwithin the range of 510 520 C, held at the selectedtemperature within 614 C for 180 6 60 min, and cooledunder inert atmosphere to below 93 C. HIP shall be f

42、ollowedby condition T6 processing. Refer to AMS 2771 for soakingtime and furnace class requirements.NOTE 6Use of alternate HIP parameters may be agreed upon by thepart supplier and the purchaser.4.6.5 Condition NHTParts are supplied in the as builtcondition with no thermal post-processing. The build

43、 platformtemperature used during the build process shall be set to 95 Cmaximum for condition NHT for AlSi10Mg.4.7 Alloy 4340 Steel:4.7.1 Condition SRParts shall be heat treated per AMS2759 except temperature shall be 590 - 600 C 615 C for 90-5+15min.4.7.2 Condition Q/T (Quenched and Tempered)Parts s

44、hallbe normalized at 900 615 C for soaking time in accordancewith AMS 2759, and furnace cooled to 650 6 15 C, followedby air cooled. Parts shall be austenitized at 815 6 15 C andquenched in agitated oil. Parts shall be double tempered: heattreat parts to 220 615 C for 120 615 min and cool to roomtem

45、perature, followed by heat treat parts to 220 6 15 C for120 615 min and cool to room temperature.4.7.3 Condition HIPProcess components under inert at-mosphere at not less than 100 MPa within the range of 1135 -1160 C; hold at the selected temperature within 615C for240 6 60 min and cool under inert

46、atmosphere to below 425C, or to parameters agreed upon by the component supplierand purchaser. Hot isostatic pressing shall, at a minimum,conform to the requirements of Practice A1080.5. Keywords5.1 additive manufacturing; electron beam melting; heattreat; laser sintering; post processing; powder be

47、d fusionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rig

48、hts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional

49、 standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual