ASTM F910-2004 Standard Specification for Face Guards for Youth Baseball《少年棒球运动员用面部保护罩的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 910 04An American National StandardStandard Specification forFace Guards for Youth Baseball1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 910; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIn baseball, or similar sports, where the force of a pitched, hit, or deflected ball can cause facialinjury, there is a ne

3、ed for head, facial, eye, and teeth protection. After careful consideration of themechanisms and forces involved in this context, this specification for eye and facial protectiveequipment has been prepared.The impact test is designed to approximate the impact of a direct perpendicular blow from a ba

4、seballtraveling at 30 m/s (67.1 mph). These speeds have been confirmed by actual measurements onbaseballs thrown by youth league pitchers. Performance and design requirements developed on thisbasis are intended to minimize injury and to prolong the useful life of the equipment. However,because of co

5、mplex interactions of variables such as ball speed, direction and point of impact, andparticularly, individual differences in reaction to impact forces, it must be kept in mind that someinjuries, even some serious injuries, are still possible.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers protective face gua

6、rds forsports such as youth baseball (batters and baserunners).1.2 This type of face guard is designed to be attached to apre-existing helmet.1.3 The equipment covered by this specification is intendedto reduce hazards of injury to the face, including eyes andmouth, due to impacts from baseballs or

7、softballs.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 5, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the

8、 safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. General Requirements2.1 Materials:2.1.1 The design of the face guards

9、and the choice ofmaterials shall be such as to combine mechanical strength anddurability consistent with the intended use of the equipment.2.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be a type known to cause skin irritation or disease,and shall not undergo significant loss of

10、strength, flexibility, orother physical change as a result of contact with perspiration,oil, or grease from the wearers head or skin.2.2 FinishesAll points shall be well finished, and free ofsharp edges or other irregularities that would present potentialhazards of scratching and cutting the user or

11、 an opposingplayer.2.3 PaddingWhere padded chin straps are used, thepadding material shall be attached to the device in such a wayas to cover all the hard surfaces that come into contact with thechin. The method of securing padding shall maintain thepadding material in position under normal conditio

12、ns of heat,cold, moisture, or force distortion by the wearer. Any adhesiveused to attach the padding to the face guard shall be of such atype as to cause no deterioration or stress of the face guardmaterial.2.4 Attachment SystemFace guards shall be attached tothe helmet in such a way as to avoid red

13、uction of the degree ofprotection offered by the helmet or the combination of helmetand guard. The protection offered by the helmet or guard shallbe considered impaired if there is visual evidence of stress tothe helmet or guard or any disengagement of the guardfollowing the tests as set forth in 5.

14、3 or while in use.3. Performance Requirements3.1 All testing shall be done with the face guard mounted ona helmet of a make or model specified by the face guardmanufacturer and placed on a headform as specified in 5.1.1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEqu

15、ipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 910 01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box

16、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Impact Requirements:3.2.1 When testing in accordance with Section 5, the fol-lowing applies:3.2.1.1 The wire face guard shall be deemed a failure if anyweld completely separates or if any fractures in the wirebetween any two welds occur on an

17、y specimen as a result ofimpact.3.2.1.2 The plastic face guard shall be deemed a failure ifany full-thickness cracks or fractures occur on any specimen asa result of impact.3.2.1.3 The protection by the face guard shall be deemed afailure if the face guard becomes disengaged from the helmetduring te

18、sting in accordance with 5.3.FIG. 1 Face Guard and Helmet on HeadformFIG. 2 Schematic of the Ball Propelling ApparatusF9100423.2.2 Neither the ball nor the face guard may contact ZoneA of Fig. 4. The ball may not contact Zone B, but the faceguard may contact Zone B as the result of deflection by the

19、ball. No paste shall be left on the ball (from Zone A or B) or onany part of the face guard (from Zone A) as a result of theimpact specified in 5.3.1. Paste residue transferred from “nocontact areas” as determined above and in Fig. 4 will constitutea failure. The paste can be colored using a food co

20、loring orother suitable material in order to apply different colors to ZoneFIG. 3 Headform with Pressure Indicator Paste on Facial AreaFIG. 4 No Contact AreaF910043A and Zone B so that areas of facial contact are more easilydistinguishable when examining the ball and face guard.4. Sample Preparation

21、4.1 Test only face guards as offered for sale and only whenattached to an appropriate helmet.4.2 Condition face guards at the temperatures of 36 6 2C(97 6 4F) and at 10 6 2C (50 6 4F) for a minimum periodof 4 h prior to test. The face guard will be tested within 3 minfrom removal from the conditioni

22、ng environment. The faceguard/helmet assemblies may be returned to the conditioningenvironment in order to meet this requirement. Prior to theresumption of testing, specimens must remain in the condition-ing environment for a minimum of 15 min for each period upto 5 min long that they are out of the

23、 conditioning environment.4.3 Assemble face guards to the helmets in accordance withinstructions provided. (See 7.1.)5. Impact Test Method5.1 Apparatus for Impact Tests:5.1.1 Headform2,3and MountingThe face guard/helmetassemblies shall be fitted on the medium NOCSAE head form(see Fig. 1) for impact

24、tests. Attach the head form to amounting plate. The mounting plate2,4is to be assembled tolinear bearings and guide rods so that the head form is free tomove directionally in relation to the impact.Fiftieth PercentileMedium Size (678 to 714)5.1.2 Ball Propelling DeviceThe ball propelling deviceshall

25、 consist of an apparatus which has the capability ofpropelling a regulation baseball or softball that complies withNCAA rules at velocities up to 36 m/s (80 mph). The accuracyof this system shall be such that the center of the ball will strikethe impacting surface within a 2.5-cm (1-in.) circle at t

26、he planeof testing. (A schematic diagram of a suggested apparatusappears in Fig. 2.)5.1.3 Gage, or similar device shall be included as a part ofthe apparatus so that the air pressure for each impact can bemonitored.5.2 Velocity MeasurementThe velocity of the baseball orsoftball shall be measured at

27、a distance within 1 m (39.4 in.) of2If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.3The sole source of supply of

28、 the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE),P.O. Box 12200, Overland Park, KS 66282-2290. (See Section NOCSAE Document.001 Standard Drop Test Method and Equipment Used in Evaluating the Perfor-mance Characteristics of

29、 Protective Headgear, Fig. 1.)4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Standard Method of Impact Test and Performance Requirements for Baseball/Softball Batters Helmets, c/o National Operating Committee on Standards forAthletic Equipment (NOCSAE), P.O. Box 12

30、200, Overland Park, KS 66282-2290.(See section describing test equipment apparatus.)FIG. 5 Standard Mouth and Eye Impact LocationsF910044the impact point on the face guard when mounted on the helmetand headform. (Some suggested devices for measuring velocityare photocells, phototransistors, light-em

31、itting diodes, or othervelocity meters with appropriate read-out devices.)5.3 Procedure:5.3.1 Ten face guards are to be tested. The face guards to betested are to be mounted on batting helmets in accordance withthe manufacturers specifications. Each of the ten face guard/helmet assemblies is to be i

32、mpacted one time as specified in thefollowing chart:SampleNumberSampleTemperatureImpact Location1366 2C(97 6 4F)directly at the mouth2366 2C(97 6 4F)directly at the right eye3366 2C(97 6 4F)directly at the left eye4366 2C(97 6 4F)random at structure, anywhere within Zones A orBA5366 2C(97 6 4F)direc

33、tly at the center of the largest opening, any-where within Zones A or BA6106 2C(50 6 4F)directly at the mouth7106 2C(50 6 4F)directly at the right eye8106 2C(50 6 4F)directly at the left eye9106 2C(50 6 4F)random at structure, anywhere within Zones A orBA10 10 6 2C(50 6 4F)directly at the center of

34、the largest opening, any-where within Zones A or BAAFor random impacts, the head model position and direction of ball travel is atthe discretion of the technician provided that the direction of ball travel results in animpact that falls within Zones A or B of the head model test area.5.3.2 VelocityT

35、he ball velocity for each impact in eachdirection shall be 30 6 2.2 m/s (67.1 6 4.9 mph).5.3.3 Verification of Ball ContactFor verification of ballor protector contact with the face, cover the entire facial areafrom the frontal bone superiorly to the mandible inferiorly withdental pressure indicator

36、 paste.5(See Fig. 3.) Contact of eitherball or protector with any part of the face will leave paste at thepoint of contact. Inspect thoroughly both the ball and protectorto determine if they contain residue of paste.5.3.4 All of the impacts specified in 5.3.1 shall be made ateach of the two temperat

37、ures called for in 4.2.6. Precision and Bias6.1 No statement is made about either the precision or thebias of the test method described in Section 5 since the resultmerely states whether there is conformance to the criteria forsuccess specified in the procedure.5Available through dental supply sourc

38、es.FIG. 6F9100457. Product Marking7.1 Markings should show manufacturer, date of manufac-ture, and brands and model names of helmets on which theguard can be used to meet the requirements of this specifica-tion.7.2 Face guards offered for sale shall include detailedinstructions for their assembly, u

39、se, emergency removal, and awarning to users that the face guard must be discarded if, afterbeing impacted during use, or for any other reason, it showsany signs of damage, distortion from original shape, orweakening. In addition, information shall be provided regard-ing any known harmful effects fr

40、om cleaning agents, paintingagents, or antifog material.8. Keywords8.1 baseball; face guard; headform; helmet; NOCSAE;softballASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e

41、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev

42、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m

43、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F910046