ASTM D6080-2012a red 7889 Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids《液压流体粘滞特性定义的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: D6080 12D6080 12aStandard Practice forDefining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It
3、is notintended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascalsecond (mPas) as the unit of viscosity.For reference, 1 mPas is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this prac
4、tice usesmillimetre squared per second (mm2/s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm2/s is equivalent to 1 centistoke (cSt).1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 to 150 mm2/s as measured at a referencetemperature of 40C and to tempera
5、tures from 50 to +16C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPas.NOTE 1Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation ofthe system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand t
6、he system should be evaluated on its own merit.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calc
7、ulation of Dynamic Viscosity)D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield ViscometerD5621 Test Method f
8、or Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic FluidsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:3J300 Engine Oil Viscosity ClassificationJ306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity Classifica
9、tion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density, nthe mass per unit volume.3.1.1 hydraulic fluid, na fluidliquid used in hydraulic systems for transmitting lubrication and transmission of power.3.1.3 in-service viscosity, nthe viscosity of fluid during operation of a hydraulic pump or circuit compon
10、ents.3.1.2 kinematic viscosity, nthe ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the density of a liquid.3.1.2.1 DiscussionKinematic For gravity flow under a given hydrostatic head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density. Therefore,kinematic viscosity is a measure of the resistance to fl
11、ow of a liquid under gravity.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N0.10 onSpecifications.Current edition approved June 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2012. Published August 2012February 2013. Origina
12、lly approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 asD608010.12. DOI: 10.1520/D6080-12.10.1520/D6080-12A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer t
13、o the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of wha
14、t changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the
15、 official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 Newtonian oil or fluid, na an oil or fluid that at a given temperature exhibits a constant visco
16、sity at all shear rates orshear stresses.3.1.4 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, na an oil or fluid that at a given temperature exhibits a viscosity that varies with changingshear stress or shear rate.3.1.5 shear degradation, nthe decrease in molecular weight of a polymeric thickener (VI improver) as a re
17、sult of exposureto high shear stress.3.1.6 shear rate, nthe velocity gradient in fluid flow.3.1.7 shear stability, nthe resistance of a polymer-thickened fluid to shear degradation.3.1.8 shear stress, nthe motivating force per unit area for fluid flow.3.1.9 viscosity, nthe ratio between the applied
18、shear stress and shear rate.the rate of shear.3.1.9.1 DiscussionViscosity is sometimes called the coefficient of dynamic viscosity. This coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of theliquid.3.1.10 viscosity index (VI), nan arbitrary number used to characterize the variation of the kinemat
19、ic viscosity of a fluid withtemperature.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 in-service viscosity, nthe viscosity of fluid during operation of a hydraulic pump or circuit components.4. Summary of Practice4.1 High VI hydraulic fluids often contain high molecular weight thickeners,
20、 called viscosity index (VI) improvers, whichimpart non-Newtonian characteristics to the fluid. These polymers may shear degrade with use, and reduce the in-service viscosityof the fluids.4.2 This practice provides uniform guidelines for characterizing oils in terms of both their high and low temper
21、ature viscositiesbefore and after exposure to high shear stress.4.2.1 Since the performance of fluids at temperatures higher than 40C is determined in the worst case, that is, most severesituation, by the sheared oil viscosity, the viscosity and viscosity index used to characterize fluids in this pr
22、actice are those of thesheared fluid.4.2.2 This practice classifies oils at low temperature by their new oil properties. Low temperature viscosities do not decreasegreatly, if at all, with polymer shear degradation. Furthermore, this approach ensures that the fluid will be properly classified undert
23、he worst-case conditions, that is, when the fluid is new.4.3 This practice may be used with either Newtonian or non-Newtonian hydraulic fluids. This provides the user with a morereasonable basis to compare fluids than previous practices.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this practice is to e
24、stablish viscosity designations derived from viscosities measured by test methods whichhave a meaningful relationship to hydraulic fluid performance. This permits lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipmentdesigners to have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting
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